RU2531585C1 - Hydrocracking reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to hydrocracking reactor comprising a frame with reactor floor and head, inner heat insulation, input tubes for raw stock and hydrogen-containing gas, a tube for product output. Catalyst for all reactor zones is placed into a common circular basket consisting of two concentrical perforated shells with filter screens; the perforated shells are interconnected by a floor and a head. The upper filtering zone of the reactor is limited by a truncated cone. Raw stock flow passes radially from the centre to periphery thus filling cavity between the outer perforated shell and non-perforated shell, then other zones come in turn except for the last one, then it passes radially from periphery to the centre thus filling cavity inside the non-perforated shell up to the truncated cone, passes radially from the centre to periphery and leaves the reactor through the tube.

EFFECT: reducing hydraulic resistance of raw stock flow and hydrogen-containing gas, improvement of contact area of raw stock and hydrogen-containing gas with the catalyst, increasing readiness of the hydrocracking reactor for installation.

1 dwg

Description

A known construction of a riser-catalytic cracking reactor (RF Patent 2447132C2, C10G 11/18 (2006.01) B013 8/24), authors Dris Hubertus Alberto s (NL), etc.

The linear velocity can range from 10 to 30 m / s, and the average velocity of the catalyst particles can reach 25 m / s. That is, the catalyst particles will move with the gaseous reaction mixture, which contributes to the rapid attrition of the catalyst and its high consumption. This riser-reactor has a large hydraulic resistance to the flow of processed raw materials.

A more successful design is a reactor with a moving catalyst bed (Big Encyclopedia of Oil and Gas. Reactor Reforming, page 1). However, in this reactor there is a rapid attrition of the catalyst and its high consumption.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is the design of the hydrocracking reactor (Big Encyclopedia of Oil and Gas. Hydrocracking Reactor, page 1). The disadvantages of this design are the large hydraulic resistance to the flows of raw materials and hydrogen-containing gas, the small contact surface of the raw materials with the catalyst, the time-consuming loading and unloading of the catalyst, in which up to 15% of the catalyst is lost, low mounting readiness (the internal devices of the reactor are installed at the place of operation), and the bulk of the body the reactor.

Tasks to be solved:

- reduction of hydraulic resistance to the flows of raw materials and hydrogen-containing gas;

- an increase in the contact surface of the feedstock with the catalyst;

- the ability to load and unload the catalyst without destroying the granules, i.e. lossless mechanized conveyors;

- delivery of the reactor to the place of operation with high installation readiness.

To solve the problems in the proposed reactor provides an annular basket for the catalyst of all zones of the reactor.

The annular basket is made of two concentrically arranged perforated shells connected to the bottoms. The inner perforated shell is covered with filter nets (at least two layers), on the outer perforated shell the filter nets are fixed on the inside.

An unperforated shell is fixed to the outer perforated shell. The annular gap between the outer perforated shell and the non-perforated shell is selected based on the optimal flow rate of the feed and hydrogen-containing gas. At the ends, the non-perforated shell is fixed with the bottoms to the perforated shell. The height of the non-perforated shell is selected depending on the number of zones in the reactor. The input device is installed in the center of the upper bottom of the reactor vessel.

The cross-sectional areas of the cavities of the feedstock and hydrogen-containing gas are selected from the condition of the optimal flow rate.

The upper filtering zone of the reactor is limited by a truncated cone in the cavity of the input of raw materials. The flow of raw materials passes radially from the center to the periphery, filling the cavity between the outer perforated shell and the non-perforated shell, then passes the remaining zones of the reactor except the last, passing radially from the periphery to the center, filling the cavity inside the inner perforated shell to the truncated cone, passes radially from the center to the periphery and exits the reactor.

Hydrogen-containing gas is supplied through an inlet and exits into the openings of the inner shell. To eliminate thermal deformations, movable joints are provided.

The design of the proposed hydrocracking reactor is shown in the drawing.

The hydrocracking reactor consists of a housing 1, internal thermal insulation 2, an input device 3, a raw material inlet cavity 4, a hydrogen-containing gas inlet cavity 5, an inner perforated shell 6, an outer perforated shell 7, filter screens 8 and 9, truncated cones 10, holes 11 in the cavity 5, the bottoms 12 connecting the perforated shells 6 and 7, the outer non-perforated shell 13 with the bottoms 14, catalyst loading pipes 15, catalyst discharge pipes 16, catalyst 17, raw material inlet pipe 18, hydrogen soda inlet pipe 19 rzhaschego gas nozzle 20 yield, hatches, manholes 21, 22, movable joints 23, 24, 25, nozzles 26.

The catalyst is charged through feed ports on the upper bottom of the hydrocracking reactor. At the upper bottom of the basket, nozzles are installed for supplying gas under pressure from 0.2 to 0.4 MPa for uniform dispersion and dense loading of the catalyst over the entire cross section of the basket.

The passage of raw materials and hydrogen-containing gas with a radial flow through the catalyst bed, which is several times shorter than the length of the layer with axial flow, will also reduce the hydraulic resistance by several times in comparison with the passage of raw materials and hydrogen-containing gas with axial flow. In addition, by increasing the contact surface of the feedstock with the catalyst at the same productivity, the overall dimensions of the hydrocracking reactor can be reduced.

A comparison of the essential features of the proposed and known solutions gives reason to believe that the technical solution meets the criteria of "inventive step" and "industrial applicability".

Thus, the proposed design of a hydrocracking reactor makes it possible to reduce hydraulic resistance to the flows of raw materials and hydrogen-containing gas, increase the contact surface of raw materials and hydrogen-containing gas with the catalyst, use mechanized loading and unloading of the catalyst without destroying the catalyst granules and without its loss, and increase the mounting readiness of the hydrocracking reactor.

Claims (1)

Hydrocracking reactor, comprising a housing with bottoms, internal thermal insulation, nozzles for the input of raw materials and hydrogen-containing gas, a nozzle for product outlet, characterized in that the catalyst of all zones of the reactor is placed in a common annular basket consisting of two concentrically arranged perforated shells with filter screens interconnected bottoms, on the outer perforated shell with the help of bottoms a non-perforated shell is fixed, the height of which is limited by the beginning of the last zone of the reactor, the upper one is filtered The reactor zone is bounded by a truncated cone in the feed inlet cavity, the feed stream passes radially from the center to the periphery, filling the cavity between the outer perforated shell and the non-perforated shell, then the remaining reactor zones pass except the last one, passing radially from the periphery to the center, filling the cavity inside the inner perforated shell to a truncated cone, passes radially from the center to the periphery and exits through the outlet pipe of the product from the reactor.

Images