RU2529404C1 - Method for prediction of astronaut's performance on planetary surface of mars - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: 4-6 months after the 4g-loaded orbiter mission and descent, on the first post-mission day an astronaut is dressed in a space suit at a nominal excessive pressure and total weight of the astronaut and space suit of 0.38 of this weight on the Earth. Thereafter, the astronaut carries out some work on the Mars surface which involves recording an astronaut heart rate (HR); once reaching individually acceptable thresholds, the physical actions are interrupted for the heart rate recovery to individually recommended medical parameters. Total pause duration is subtracted from total working hours. A difference is defined as net working hours. If the net working hours is equal to or exceed a minimum time required for the minimum time it takes for performing Mars surface operations, a performance level is considered to be satisfactory.

EFFECT: method enables ground prediction of astronaut's professional performance after the space travel and Mars landing by simulating the Mars orbital environment.

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Description

The invention relates to space technology, and in particular to methods of modeling the Earth’s space environment and the activities of an astronaut in extraterrestrial conditions.

The functionality of a person in a spacesuit under Martian gravity, after the interplanetary flight Earth-Mars, is one of the factors that will determine the success of the activities of the landing group of the crew. Only a sufficient idea of the expected level of performance of astronauts will allow you to plan actions on the surface of the planet. The absence of such a forecast calls into question the very idea of a manned expedition to Mars.

Professional working capacity is considered as one of the main socio-biological properties of the performer, reflecting the ability to perform work specific in content under certain conditions of activity for a given time and with the required quality.

The publications and projects of the manned expedition to Mars do not contain the proper analysis, research, and solution of the problem of the cosmonauts' operability during landing on Mars, taking into account post-flight orthostatic instability, ataxia, and other weightlessness syndromes. One of the key issues related to the moment of landing of the landing group on the surface of Mars is the following: can the astronaut after several months of being in zero gravity, without readaptation to 0.38 g (gravity on Mars) maintain the human body’s vertical position, the ability to walking, resisting the wind loads characteristic of the atmosphere of Mars, and lifting to your feet in the event of a fall, that is, being physically fit in Martian conditions.

The answer to these questions and a reliable forecast can be obtained provided that an experimental assessment of a person’s health will be carried out after he has been in conditions close to zero gravity for a sufficiently long time.

The following methods are known for simulating weightlessness in ground conditions, practiced with human participation (analogues):

- antiorthostatic hypokinesia (ANOG) - placing the tester in a horizontal position with a negative angle to the side of the head for a certain period of time [1]; the disadvantage is the inability to work out technological steps with the equipment;

- partial weightlessness of the tester by means of a counterbalance system or cardan suspension-hinge [2]; a significant limitation of locomotors by means of weightlessness, a distortion of the feeling of weightlessness;

- immersion - immersion in a tank with a liquid whose density is equal to the average density of the human body [1]; the use of a breathing apparatus complicates activities; mobility in the environment is excluded by a ban on swimming movements;

- the method of the so-called "hydraulic weightlessness", in which the tester in a spacesuit under excessive pressure is immersed in the hydraulic medium and the "man-spacesuit" system by balancing weights give zero buoyancy and indifferent balance [2]. At the same time, the tester himself does not feel the state of weightlessness, only moving along the surface of the models of space objects, also immersed in water, is facilitated.

In addition, all the above methods of simulating weightlessness are unacceptable for the formation of the post-flight state of the body and predicting performance on the surface of Mars, since the functioning of the body systems when using these methods is carried out under the influence of gravity.

A known method of reproducing weightlessness in an airplane flight along a parabolic trajectory with a duration of up to 30-40 seconds [2]. Microgravity conditions are created (millionths of gravity), but due to the short duration of the regime, the condition of the body of the tester is not identical to the state as after a long flight in zero gravity, there is no cumulative effect of the effect of zero gravity. In addition, before and after the state of weightlessness, overloads distort the effect of weightlessness. This method cannot be used to predict the performance of an astronaut after a long flight.

From an analysis of the known methods of simulating weightlessness, it follows that it is not possible to create an artificial microgravity environment with a life of 4-6 months, sufficient for the formation of an adequate state of the body of the tester in order to predict its working capacity.

A prototype of a method for predicting the performance of an astronaut on the surface of the planet Mars has not been identified.

The objective of the invention is to obtain on Earth a forecast of the professional performance of an astronaut after an interplanetary flight and landing on the surface of Mars.

The problem is solved in that the astronaut is put into geocentric orbit and after a geo-orbital flight for 4-6 months they land on Earth with an overload of up to 4 g, in the first post-flight day the astronaut dresses in a planetary spacesuit under regular overpressure, while the weight of the astronaut system "suit" is 0.38 of the weight of this system on Earth, after which the astronaut performs physical work according to the scenario of activity on the surface of Mars. In the process of physical actions, the astronaut’s heart rate (HR) is fixed and, when individual maximum permissible indicators are reached, take breaks in physical actions to restore heart rate to individually recommended medical indicators, the sum of the breaks is subtracted from the total work time, the difference is defined as the “clean” work time , and if the “pure” time is greater than or equal to the time minimally necessary to perform targeted actions on the surface of Mars, the level of work obnosti astronaut accepted as satisfactory.

The correctness of modeling and the reliability of the forecast is justified by reproducing the maximum number of factors and relationships operating in the simulated situation.

In FIG. The table shows the main factors and gravitational conditions that will affect the astronaut in real flight to Mars and in a model experiment with an estimate of the degree of approximation.

The validity of individual assumptions adopted in the simulation is justified as follows.

According to claim 2. Based on the experience of long flights at domestic orbital stations, it was found that the degree of decrease in the working capacity and orthostatic stability of the astronauts do not significantly correlate with the duration of the flight, but show a clear dependence on the intensity, type and volume of physical training performed by the astronauts in flight [3]. Therefore, staying in zero gravity for 4-6 months is quite enough to bring the body of astronauts to an adequate state.

According to claim 5. and item 8. The sensation (perception) of gravity g = 1 instead of g = 0.38 is compensated by a reduced working time from t hours on Mars to t / 2 hours in terrestrial conditions, which equalizes the energy consumption of the astronaut who will work on Mars and, accordingly, on Earth.

Thus, objective and subjective assessments of the cosmonaut's performance and the results of his activities on Earth are at the same time assessments of the adequacy of the means and methods of countering zero gravity available in the arsenal of space medicine.

Implementation of a method for predicting the cosmonaut's working capacity on the surface of Mars is carried out using actually existing means: the Soyuz manned spacecraft launch and landing are completed, the International Space Station continues its geo-orbital flight with a crew change, a platform with a Martian surface model, a planetary spacesuit, and scripted operations are provided on Earth cosmonaut activities.

Literature

1. A brief guide to space biology and medicine. Edited by A.I. Burnazyan et al. M.: Medicine, 1972, p. 192-193, 252-253.

2. Yuzov N.I. Extra-ship activity of astronauts. Star City, Russia, 1998, p.207-208.

3. I. B. Kozlovskaya et al. Development of the Russian system for the prevention of adverse effects of weightlessness on long flights // Cosmic Biology and Medicine. Volume 1. Medical support for the ISS crews. IBMP, 2011, p. 63-98.

Table Real flight to mars Model experiment Degree of approximation one Overloads at a conclusion on OIZZ Overloads at a conclusion on OIZZ Identically ++++ 2 Weightlessness in flight to Mars Weightlessness for 4-6 months in geocentric orbit Identical ++++ 3 Biomedical measures to prevent a decrease in the gravitational stability of the body Biomedical measures to prevent a decrease in the gravitational stability of the body Identically ++++ four Overloads when landing on Mars up to 4 g Overloads when landing on Earth up to 4 g Identical ++++ 5 The feeling of gravity on the surface of Mars g = 0.38 Feeling of gravity on Earth g = 1 Similarly ++ 6 The weight of the "space suit-spacesuit" system on Mars The weight of the astronaut-spacesuit system leads to 0.38 weights on Earth Identical +++ 7 Standard overpressure in SK Standard overpressure in SK Identically ++++ 8 Working hours t hour Working hours t / 2 hours Similar +++ 9 The status of the test cosmonaut after the flight The status of the test cosmonaut after the flight Similar +++

Claims (1)

A method for predicting the performance of an astronaut on the surface of the planet Mars, including putting the astronaut into a geocentric orbit, a geo-orbital flight for 4-6 months and landing on Earth with an overload of 4 g, characterized in that the astronaut in the first post-flight day is dressed in a planetary suit under regular overpressure , while the “astronaut-spacesuit” system weighs 0.38 of the weight of this system on Earth, after which the astronaut performs physical work according to the scenario of activity on the surface of Mars, in the process of actions, the astronaut’s heart rate (HR) is recorded and, when individual maximum permissible indicators are reached, take breaks in physical actions to restore heart rate to individually recommended medical indicators, the sum of the breaks is subtracted from the total work time, the difference is defined as the “clean” work time, and if the “pure” time is greater than or equal to the time minimally necessary to perform target actions on the surface of Mars, the cosmon’s working level that is accepted as satisfactory.