RU2529204C1 - Method to produce fuel briquettes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention includes mixing of ground solid fuel with a binder, briquetting of the mixture under pressure, where the ground solid fuel is coke dust with particle size of less than 1 mm, and the binder is coking sludge in the amount of 8.0-10% to the weight of coke dust, the mixture of coke dust and the binder is heated to 100°C, pressed in stages: first the load of 5-6 atm is set with a delay of 3-5 min and then up to 15 atm with a delay at the maximum load for 3-5 min, the finished fuel briquette is tempered at 250-300°C without access of air for 10-12 min. The produced briquettes may be used as fuel for combustion in domestic and industrial furnaces, and also for coking in chemical-recovery and metallurgical industry.

EFFECT: production of smokeless fuel briquettes of higher strength, improved environmental situation in coal processing regions, reduced prime cost of fuel briquettes.

2 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to a technology for briquetting combustible components, for example coal sludge, small classes of coal, coke dust, etc. The resulting briquettes can be used as fuel for burning in domestic and industrial furnaces, as well as for coking in the coke and metallurgical industries.

The problem of coke dust utilization at coke plants is very urgent. The volumes of coke dust formation are very large, on average about 18-20 thousand tons of coke dust are generated per year at a coke chemical plant. Coke dust practically does not find application because of the finely dispersed state and high ash content, difficulties with unloading and transportation.

The invention contributes to the solution of environmental problems associated with the formation and disposal of waste by-product coke plants (coke dust, coking fusi).

Known methods for producing fuel briquettes from coal and anthracite, including dehydration and drying of the source coal to a moisture content of 2-3%, mixing it with liquid or solid binders (oil bitumen, coal tar pitch, sulphate-distillery stillage, hard clay, cement), pressing the mixture with a pressure of 20-50 MPa, and subsequent cooling (see Plishevich L.T. Technology of briquetting of minerals, M .: Nedra, 1989, p. 86, 92, 98, 101, 106).

The mentioned methods have the following disadvantages:

Firstly, the need to use the proposed binders significantly complicates and increases the cost of coal briquetting, as It provides operations for deep dehydration and thermal drying of the initial coal to the minimum moisture values, i.e. up to 2-3%.

Secondly, existing technologies for coal and anthracite briquetting are not intended for use as feedstock of coke dust (particle size class 0-1.0 mm) and fine coal sludge (particle size class 0-1.0 mm) generated during mining and coal processing. Coal sludge and coke dust are discharged into settling tanks and dumps of coal-processing enterprises, which worsens the ecological state of the environment in coal-mining regions.

Closest to the proposed invention by technical essence (prototype) is a method for producing fuel briquettes, comprising mixing crushed solid fuel based on coke breeze with particle sizes of 0.05-16.0 mm in an amount of 50-80 wt.% With a binder based on modified lignosulfonate in the amount of 8-9% by weight of the crushed solid fuel, briquetting the mixture under a pressure of 25 MPa and subsequent heat treatment of the briquettes (RF Patent No. 2298028, IPC C10L 5/10, C10L 5/28, publ. April 27, 2007, bull. No. 12).

The known method for producing fuel briquettes has the following disadvantages:

1. High pressing pressure (25 MPa), which is economically and energetically disadvantageous and technically difficult to achieve.

2. Coke breeze itself but is itself a marketable product. Coke breeze serves as fuel for various industrial productions; it is used for agglomeration of iron and nickel ores, and in the production of electrodes.

Briquetting of coke dust is proposed, which is a high-calorie waste of by-product coke plants.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to obtain smokeless fuel briquettes of increased strength, improving the environmental situation in coal-processing regions, reducing the cost of fuel briquettes.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for producing fuel briquettes, comprising mixing crushed solid fuel with a binder, briquetting the mixture under pressure, coke dust with particle sizes less than 1 mm is used as crushed solid fuel, coking fuses are used as a binder in an amount 8.0-10% by weight of coke dust, the mixture of coke dust and binder is heated to 100 ° C, pressed in steps: first, the load is set to 5-6 atm with a shutter speed of 3-5 minutes and then up to 15 atm s Shutter speed at maximum load for 3-5 minutes, ready fuel briquette is calcined at a temperature of 250-300 ° C in the absence of air for about 10-12 minutes.

The inventive method is as follows.

Coke dust is mixed with a binder component (coking fusi), coking fusi are added in an amount of 8-10% to the mass of coke dust. A mixture of coke dust and a binder component is subjected to heat treatment: it is heated in a metal container to a temperature of 100 ° C, then mixed thoroughly until the binder component is evenly distributed throughout the volume of coke dust. The binder component is heated and liquefied, thereby providing a more uniform distribution throughout the volume.

Then a mixture of coke dust and a binder component is introduced into the mold, which has room temperature. The mixture is pressed in a stamping press in steps: first, a load of 5-6 atm is set. with a shutter speed of 3-5 minutes and then up to 15 atm with a shutter speed at a maximum load of 3-5 minutes. With step pressing, optimal interaction of the components in the mixture is achieved, with the formation of the structure of the fuel briquette.

The finished fuel briquette is placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at a temperature of 250-300 ° C without air for 10-12 minutes, which ensures the release of volatile substances of the binder component. This briquetting technique is necessary for the manufacture of smokeless fuel briquettes.

The choice of coking fusi as a binder is due to their availability. Coking fusas are waste from coal-chemical production during coking. They are represented by 50% resins of heavy fractions and solid carbon inclusions. Coking fumes and coke dust, being the waste of coke-chemical enterprises, can be used directly at the same enterprises. The consumption of a binder (coking fuser) is determined by the need for the formation of a durable fuel briquette.

The output is fuel briquettes with the following technical characteristics (table 1).

Table 1 Comparative technical characteristics of the obtained fuel briquettes and pressed coke dust without the addition of a binder Sample Name Physical tests Fuel characteristics compression, kg / cm ² abrasion,% content of pieces> 25 mm in size Dropping% content of pieces> 25 mm A ^d ,% wt. (ash)

, ккал/кг (теплота сгорания) $$Q_s^r$$

, kcal / kg (calorific value) $$S_t^d$$

% wt. (sulfur content) Pressed coke dust 50-60 42-54 55-62 10.0-12.0 8900-9250 0.04-0.05 Fuel briquettes 60-90 90-99 90-99 10.0-12.0 9000-9500 0,025-0,05

An example of a specific application of the method.

Take 92 g of coke dust and mix with 8 g of coking fusi until visual mixing.

The resulting mixture is heated in a metal container to a temperature of 100 ° C, mixed thoroughly, then loaded into the mold, which has room temperature.

The resulting mixture is pressed in a stamping press in steps: first, set the load to 5 atm with a shutter speed of 3 minutes and then to 15 atm with shutter speed at a maximum load of 5 minutes.

The finished fuel briquette is placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at a temperature of 250 ° C without air for 10 minutes.

The output is smokeless fuel briquettes acceptable for coking and direct burning, the technical characteristics of which are presented in table 2.

table 2 Technical characteristics of the resulting fuel briquettes Physical tests Fuel characteristics compression, kg / cm ² abrasion,% content of pieces> 25 mm in size dropping,% content of pieces> 25 mm in size A ^d ,% wt. (ash)

, ккал/кг (теплота сгорания) $$Q_s^r$$

, kcal / kg (calorific value) $$S_t^d$$

% wt. (sulfur content) 70 99 99 12.0 9500 0.05

Example 2

Take 92 g of coke dust and mix with 8 g of coking fusi until visual mixing.

The resulting mixture is heated in a metal container to a temperature of 100 ° C, mixed thoroughly, then loaded into the mold, which has room temperature.

The resulting mixture is pressed in a stamping press with a load of 5 atm 5 minutes.

The output does not receive a fuel briquette, since a decrease in the pressure of pressing less than 15 atm leads to a decrease in the strength of the fuel briquette.

Example 3

Take 85 g of coke dust and mix with 15 g of coking fusi until visual mixing.

The resulting mixture is heated in a metal container to a temperature of 100 ° C, mixed thoroughly, then loaded into the mold, which has room temperature.

The resulting mixture is pressed in a stamping press with a load of 25 atm for 5 minutes.

The output does not receive a fuel briquette, since:

1. According to the mathematical dependence calculated by Dr. L.T. Elishevich, the involvement of more than 10% of the coupling reagent in the system is economically and technologically unjustified.

2. The use of a sharp increase in pressure up to 25 atm results in an unstable fuel briquette due to the inhomogeneous distribution of the binder by weight of the concentrate.

The proposed method allows to obtain smokeless fuel briquettes, to increase the strength of fuel briquettes and reduce their cost. In the proposed method for the production of fuel briquettes, coke dust and coking fusas are used, which are the waste of coke-chemical enterprises, the utilization of this waste will improve the environmental situation in coal-processing regions.

Claims (1)

A method of producing fuel briquettes, comprising mixing crushed solid fuel with a binder, briquetting the mixture under pressure, characterized in that coke dust with particle sizes less than 1 mm is used as crushed solid fuel, coking fuses in the amount of 8.0-10 are used as a binder % by weight of coke dust, a mixture of coke dust and a binder is heated to 100 ° C, pressed in steps: first, set the load to 5-6 atm with a shutter speed of 3-5 minutes and then up to 15 atm with a shutter speed at a maximum load of 3-5 minutes, goth The new fuel briquette is calcined at a temperature of 250-300 ° C without air for 10-12 minutes.