RU2528294C2 - Method of assess efficiency of metalworking lubricant (mwl) used in cutting material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: testing technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to engineering industry, in particular to testing metalworking lubricants (MWL) used for cutting materials. On the machine the short-term cutting (10-15 s) of the material is carried out without the use of MWL, fixing the value of the components of the cutting force. The tests are carried out using a universal dynamometer. Then the short-term cutting of the material is carried out using the aqueous solution of MWL of the test mark, also fixing the values of the components of the cutting force. Feeding MWL to the cutting zone is carried out by freely falling jet to the cutting tool and the processed part. The measurements are carried out at different cutting speed, feeding and depth of cutting. Test results of the carried out tests are summarised in the table and the resultant cutting forces are calculated P_cut with and without MWL, respectively, according to the formula: $$P_{cut}=\sqrt{P_x^2+P_y^2+P_z^2},$$

and the coefficient of the process efficiency K of the test mark of MWL is determined according to the formula: $$К=P_{cutMWL}/P_{cut},$$

where P_cutMWL is resultant cutting force received with use of MWL, N; P_cut is the resultant cutting force obtained without the use of MWL, N. MWL is considered effective, which provides the lowest cutting forces and the coefficient K at the specified cutting conditions.

EFFECT: claimed method of assessment of technological efficiency of MWL enables to reduce significantly the labour intensity and time of study of efficiency of MWL at the specified cutting conditions.

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Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to tests of cutting fluids (coolant) used in cutting materials.

Known methods for evaluating the technological efficiency of the coolant according to the results of a laboratory study of the wear of a cutting tool, surface roughness, machining accuracy, torque (Technological properties of new coolants for cutting cutting / Ed. By M.I. Klushin. - M.: Engineering, 1979, p. 86-89).

However, the direct determination of these parameters determining the effectiveness of the coolant is associated with significant costs and time, especially when it is necessary to determine the technological efficiency of several brands of coolant.

A known method for assessing the quality of coolant, based on a comparison of the values of cutting forces measured over the entire period of tool life using basic and tested grades of coolant (Gugger M., Putting Fluids to the Test [Cutting Tool Engineering, August, 1999, p. 54- 62]).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity and time, since the measurement of cutting forces is carried out during the entire period of tool life.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the complexity of evaluating the effectiveness of the coolant and reducing the research time by measuring the components of the cutting forces and comparing the results obtained using various coolants and without them.

In the process of machining materials, the main elements of the technological system are affected by forces arising from the deformation of the cut layer and the surface of the workpiece, as well as friction forces along the front and rear surfaces of the cutting tool. The use of coolant reduces the friction forces on the front and rear surfaces of the cutting tool, which helps to reduce cutting forces.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for evaluating the effectiveness of the cutting fluid used in cutting the material, according to the claimed invention, the components of the cutting force are measured in three coordinates P _x , P _y , P _z at various speeds, feed and depth cutting with short-term cutting of the material for 10-15 s using the studied coolant and without it, calculate the resulting cutting forces P _cut with coolant and without it, respectively, according to the formula:

,

,

then determine the coefficient of technological efficiency of the studied brand of coolant according to the formula:

_RezSOZh K = P / P _rez,

where P _rezOZh - the resulting cutting force obtained using coolant, N; P _rez - the resulting cutting force obtained without the use of coolant, N,

and determine the most technologically effective coolant at specified cutting conditions for the smallest of the values of the coefficient K.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated in Table 1, which summarizes the test results of various grades of coolant when turning steel 45, Figures 1 and 2, which show the dependence of the cutting force P on the feed rate S when machining steel 45 using various grades of coolant with cutting speeds V = 35 m / min and V = 57 m / min, respectively.

The proposed method is carried out in the following way.

The machine conducts short-term cutting (10-15 s) of the material without the use of coolant, fixing the values of the components of the cutting force. Tests are carried out using a universal dynamometer. Then, short-term cutting of the material is carried out using an aqueous solution of the coolant of the test grade, also fixing the values of the components of the cutting force. Coolant is supplied to the cutting zone by a freely falling jet on the cutting tool and the workpiece. Measurements are carried out at various cutting speeds, feeds and cutting depths. The results of the tests are summarized in the table, and the resulting cutting forces P _cut with and without coolant are calculated, respectively, by the formula:

,

,

and the technological efficiency coefficient K is determined for the studied coolant brand by the formula:

,

,

where P _rezOZh - the resulting cutting force obtained using coolant, N; P _rez - the resulting cutting force obtained without the use of coolant, N.

Effective coolant is considered to provide the smallest cutting forces and coefficient K at specified cutting conditions.

A specific example of the implementation of this method.

On the FT-11 lathe, using the UDM-100 universal dynamometer and an instrument panel with M907 microammeters, short-term cutting of steel 45 without coolant is carried out, fixing the results of the values of the cutting force components. In this case, a continuous thrust cutter with a VK8 hard alloy plate was used. For the assessment, 10% aqueous solutions of coolant of the following grades were used: Smalta-3, Smalta-3EP, Smalta-11, Isogrind, Blasocut 2000, Blasocut 4000, Addinol, Rosoil, Biosil S and Biosil M. Then, a short cutting of the material is carried out using aqueous solutions The coolant of the test grades, also fixing the values of the components of the cutting force. Coolant is supplied to the cutting zone by a freely falling jet on the cutting tool and the workpiece. Processing was carried out under the following conditions: cutting speed V = 35 m / min and V = 57 m / min, cutting depth t = 1 mm and feed S = 0.1, S = 0.19 and S = 0.38 mm / rev . The results of the tests are summarized in table 1. According to the data obtained, graphs of the dependences of the cutting force P on the feed rate S are presented, shown in Figures 1 and 2, at cutting speeds of V = 35 m / min and V = 57 m / min, respectively.

Table 1

Type of coolant Cutting forces, N Cutting speed Cutting speed V = 35 m / min V = 57 m / min Feed S, mm / rev Feed S, mm / rev 0.1 0.19 0.38 0.1 0.19 0.38 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 Without coolant P _z 250 600 1150 450 650 1100 P _x 150 270 750 315 405 495 P _y 90 120 375 180 270 330 R 305.12 668.81 1423.24 578.04 812.05 1250.57 Water P _z 250 600 1300 300 650 1050 R _x 120 210 600 195 390 435 P _y 75 135 420 135 255 315 R 287.27 649.87 1492.11 382.43 799.77 1179.39 K 0.94 0.97 1.05 0.66 0.98 0.94 Blasocut 2000 P _z 350 600 1400 350 600 1000 R _x 90 195 525 210 360 390 P _y 90 135 330 135 255 270 R 372.42 645.17 1531.18 429.91 744.73 1106.80 K 1.22 0.96 1,08 0.74 0.92 0.89 Blasocut 4000 P _z 300 550 1100 400 650 1050 P _x 75 150 375 240 405 420 P _y 75 105 255 135 270 315 R 318,20 579.68 1189.81 485.62 812.05 1173.94 K 1,04 0.90 0.78 1.13 1.09 1.06

one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 Isogrind P _z 350 600 1150 350 650 1100 P _x 135 225 450 225 360 420 P _y 90 135 330 135 270 330 R 385.78 654.87 1278.24 437.44 790.57 1222.82 K 1.26 0.98 0.90 0.76 0.97 0.98 Smalt-3 P _z 250 500 1000 300 650 1100 P _x 120 210 450 195 390 420 P _y 75 135 300 120 255 300 R 287.27 558.86 1136.88 377.39 799.77 1215.07 K 0.94 0.84 0.80 0.65 0.98 0.97 Smalta-3 * EP P _z 250 550 1250 450 650 1000 P _x 120 210 450 240 405 435 P _y 60 120 300 150 255 300 P 283.73 600.83 1361.98 531.60 807.19 1131.03 K 0.93 0.90 0.96 0.92 0.99 0.90 Smalta 11 P _z 250 500 1050 300 650 1050 P _x 120 255 540 135 345 390 P _y 75 165 375 75 240 270 R 287.27 585.02 1238.84 337.42 774.03 1152.17 K 0.94 0.87 0.87 0.58 0.95 0.92 Addinol P _z 300 500 1000 200 600 1050 P _x 120 210 480 135 375 420 P _y 75 135 360 75 255 285 R 331.70 558.86 1166.19 252.69 752.10 1166.24 K 1.09 0.84 0.82 0.44 0.93 0.93 Rosoil P _z 250 500 1050 250 550 1000 P _x 135 240 525 135 375 420 P _y 75 150 360 75 240 270 R 293.85 574.54 1227.89 293.85 707.62 1117.72 K 0.96 0.86 0.86 0.51 0.87 0.89 Biosil C P _z 300 550 1000 300 600 1100 P _x 120 225 510 120 360 420 P _y 75 150 360 90 255 285 R 331.70 612.88 1178.86 335.41 744.73 1211.46 K 1.09 0.92 0.83 0.58 0.92 0.97 Biosil M P _z 250 550 1150 300 650 1050 P _x 120 240 555 150 390 420 P _y 75 150 405 90 270 300 R 287.27 618.55 1339.61 347.28 804.67 1170.00 K 0.94 0.92 0.94 0.60 0.99 0.94

The most technologically effective coolant is determined by the lowest value of the coefficient K at given cutting conditions.

The analysis of this table shows that when processing steel 45 with a cutting speed of V = 35 m / min, the most effective brands of coolant are:

when applying S = 0.1 - Smalt 3 * EP (K = 0.93);

when applying S = 0.19 - Addinol (K = 0.84);

when applying S = 0.38 - Blasocut 4000 (K = 0.78).

When processing steel 45 with a cutting speed of V = 57 m / min, the most effective grades of coolant are:

when applying S = 0.1 - Addinol (K = 0.44);

when applying S = 0.19 - Rosoil (K = 0.87);

when applying S = 0.38 - Blasocut 2000 (K = 0.89).

The inventive method for evaluating the technological efficiency of the coolant can significantly reduce the complexity and time of researching the effectiveness of the coolant at given cutting conditions.

Claims (1)

A method for evaluating the effectiveness of cutting fluid (coolant) used in cutting a material, characterized in that the components of the cutting force are measured in three coordinates P _x , P _y , P _z at various speeds, feed rate and depth of cut during short-term cutting of the material for 10 -15 with the use of the studied coolant and without it, calculate the resulting cutting forces P _cut with coolant and without it, respectively, according to the formula:

,
then determine the coefficient of technological efficiency of the studied brand of coolant according to the formula:
_RezSOZh K = P / P _rez,
where P _rezOZh - the resulting cutting force obtained using coolant, N; P _rez - the resulting cutting force obtained without the use of coolant, N,
and determine the most technologically effective coolant at specified cutting conditions for the smallest of the values of the coefficient K.

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