RU2527773C1 - Power generator with stirling engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: power generator comprises Stirling engine with electric generator fitted on one shaft, Stirling engine cooling system and engine heater. Proposed plant us equipped with solar tower electric station with mirrors. Stirling engine heater is located atop said solar tower electric station. Said mirrors are arranged to track the Sun and reflect sun rays to Stirling engine heater. The plant is equipped with rectifier and inverter units, engine working fluid temperature controller and transducer. Temperature transducer output is connected with controller input. Controller output is connected with control inputs of rectifier and inverter units. Electric generator power output is connected with power input of rectifier unit. Inverter unit power output is connected with the network of consuming hardware.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to energy, and more specifically to renewable energy sources based on solar tower power plants.

Known devices (analogues) are solar tower power plants based on the implementation of the Rankine cycle using flat mirrors located over a large area of the Sun-watching mirrors reflecting the sun's rays onto a central receiver (boiler) placed on the top of the tower (Twidell J., Weir A. Renewable sources Energy: Translated from English - M .: Energoatomizdat. 1990. Pp. 134-136).

The table shows the main characteristics of some solar tower power plants created in the world with the implementation of the Rankine cycle.

Characteristics The name of the solar tower power station with the Rankine cycle Solar-1 (Barstow, United States) SES-5 (Crimea, USSR) THEMIS (Targasonne, France) Eurelios (Andrano, Italy) CESA-1 (Almeria, Spain) CRS (Almeria, Spain) Field shape Ellipse A circle Sector Sector Sector Sector Electric power, MW 10 5 2.5 one 1.2 0.5 The total area of mirrors, thousand m ² 73.2 40 10.8 6.2 11.4 3.7 Number of mirrors (heliostats) 1818 1600 201 70 300 93 Heliostat area, m ² 40.3 25.5 53.7 53.7 38 39 Mirror Reflection 0.9 0.71 0.9 0.77 0.87 0.91 Tower height, m 91 89 101.5 55 60 43 Type of receiver (boiler) Open cylinder Open cylinder Abdominal Abdominal Abdominal Abdominal The area of the receiver, m ² 294 154 16 16 11.6 9.7 Receiver temperature, ° С 516 250 505 512 520 530 Full efficiency 0.137 0.125 0.231 0.161 0.105 0.135

Р[кВт] - электрическая мощность по второй строке таблицы, 8[м²] - суммарная площадь зеркал по третьей строке таблицы. Например, для СЭС-5 η= $$\frac{P}{G\cdot S}=\frac{5000}{1\cdot 40000}=\mathrm{0.125.}$$

The disadvantage of analog devices is low efficiency, which consists, as follows from the last row of the table, in low efficiency. The full real efficiency is determined for a clear half day at a solar flux density of G = 1 kW / m ² according to the formula: η = $$\frac{P}{G\cdot S},$$

P [kW] is the electric power in the second row of the table, 8 [m ² ] is the total mirror area in the third row of the table. For example, for SES-5 η = $$\frac{P}{G\cdot S}=\frac{5000}{\mathrm{one}\cdot \mathrm{40,000}}=\mathrm{0.125.}$$

Known cogeneration unit containing a Stirling engine with an electric generator on one shaft, hydraulic lines, a Stirling engine cooling system with a pump, a Stirling engine combustion chamber, a heat exchanger for transferring heat energy to consumers, heat recovery heat exchangers for Stirling engine cooling systems, exhaust gases, a gasifier, a gas generator line , exhaust gas line, internal combustion engine with an electric generator on the same shaft with it, additional cooling systems heat recovery. (Zharov A.V., Pavlov A.A. Cogeneration plant with an internal combustion engine and a Stirling engine. RF patent No. 2440504, publ. 01.20.2012)

This prototype installation has the disadvantage that it uses various types of hydrocarbon fuel for its work, the result of which is always the release of carbon dioxide into the environment, which worsens the environmental situation.

The technical problem solved by the proposed device is to increase the efficiency of solar tower power plants while improving the environmental situation by eliminating the release of carbon dioxide into the environment during operation of the device.

The technical result, which consists in increasing the efficiency of solar tower power plants, is achieved by the fact that in a known generating installation comprising a Stirling engine with an electric generator on one shaft, the Stirling engine cooling system and the Stirling engine heater, according to the invention, the Stirling engine heater is placed on top of the tower with a solar tower power plants with mirrors that are capable of tracking the Sun and reflecting sunlight on the Stirling engine heater, at The unit is equipped with a rectifier and inverter blocks, a regulator, a temperature sensor for the working fluid in the heater of the Stirling engine, the output of which is connected to the input of the regulator, the output of the latter is connected to the control inputs of the rectifier and inverter blocks, the power output of the generator is connected to the power input of the rectifier block, and the power output the inverter unit is connected to a consumer network. The drawing shows a General view of a generating installation containing a Stirling engine 1 with an electric generator 2 on one shaft, a cooling system 3 of a Stirling engine and a heater 4 of a Stirling engine. The heater 4 of the Stirling engine is placed on top of the tower 5 of the solar tower power station, and the mirrors 6 located on a large area are capable of tracking the Sun and reflecting the sun's rays 7 onto the heater 4 of the Stirling engine, while the electric generator 2 is equipped with rectifier 8 and inverter 9 blocks, the regulator 10 of the rotation speed of the generator 2, the sensor 11 of the temperature of the working fluid in the heater 4 of the Stirling engine, the output of which is connected to the input of the controller 10, the output of the latter is connected to the control and the inputs 12 and 13 respectively of the rectifier 8 and the inverter units 9, 14, an electric power output 2 is connected to the power input unit 8, the rectifier 15 and power output 16 of the inverter unit 9 is connected to the network 17 consumers. The circuit between the rectifier 8 and the inverter 9 is connected to the battery 18.

The generating installation operates as follows.

During normal operation, the flux density of solar radiation during the day changes according to a sinusoidal law, i.e. during periods of sunrise and sunset, the flux density of solar radiation has a minimum value, and at sunny noon - the maximum value characteristic of a given time of the year (cloudiness also affects the flux of solar radiation). As the solar radiation flux density increases after sunrise, the temperature of the heater 4 of the Stirling engine 1 increases. The heater 4 of the Stirling engine 1, placed on top of the tower 5 of the solar tower power plant, is heated by mirrors 6 located over a large area, watching the sun and reflecting the sun's rays 7 on Stirling engine heater 1.

As the temperature of the heater 4 rises, the temperature of the working fluid in it and the thermal power of the Stirling engine 1 increase. The sensor 11 captures the temperature of the working fluid and generates a corresponding signal at its output, which is fed to the input of the controller 10. In the simplest case, the controller 10 is made in the form of a functional unit , which generates at its output a signal for setting the rotation speed of the generator 2 as a function of the temperature of the working fluid, for example, as the temperature of the working fluid increases, the rotation speed of the electric Rathor 2.

The signal for setting the rotation speed of the generator 2 is supplied to the control inputs 12 and 13 of the rectifier 8 and inverter 9, respectively, which provide the rotation speed of the generator 2 as a function of the power of the Stirling engine 1. In this case, with a variable rotation speed of the generator 2, the output of the inverter 9 ensures the quality of electric energy meeting the requirements of GOST R 54149-2010.

A feature of some types of Stirling engines is that at the beginning of work, even when the operating temperature is reached, the engine cannot move. To start in such cases, it is possible to operate blocks 8 and 9 in both the rectifier and inverter modes, by executing them on lockable keys, for example, transistors. Moreover, if the network 17 is autonomous (i.e. does not contain other sources), for the initial turn of the Stirling engine, a battery 18 is connected to the circuit between the rectifier 8 and the inverter 9, which allows the electric generator 2 to be switched on for a short time in the motor mode.

The problem is solved, because The efficiency of solar tower power plants has been improved by using the Stirling engine, which has a higher efficiency (in practice, up to 35%) while maintaining the environmental friendliness of solar tower power plants.

Claims (1)

A generating installation comprising a Stirling engine with an electric generator on one shaft, a Stirling engine cooling system and a Stirling engine heater, characterized in that it is equipped with a solar tower power station with mirrors, a Stirling engine heater is located on top of a tower of a solar tower power station with mirrors that are configured to tracking the sun and reflecting the sun's rays to the heater of the Stirling engine, while the installation is equipped with a rectifier and inverter unit and, by a controller, a temperature sensor of the working fluid in the heater of the Stirling engine, the output of which is connected to the input of the controller, the output of the latter is connected to the control inputs of the rectifier and inverter blocks, the power output of the generator is connected to the power input of the rectifier block, and the power output of the inverter block is connected to the consumer network .