RU2522841C1 - Explosion-proof destructive construction of building guards - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: in safety destructive construction of guard, containing concrete panels with size of 6000×1800 mm, panel consists of destructive and nondestructive parts, in this case the nondestructive part is made in the form of load bearing stiffeners, located along the contour of collapsing part, and the collapsing part is designed in the form of at least two coaxially located recesses in the wall of building, one of which is outer formed by planes of the correct quadrangular truncated pyramid with rectangular base, and the other, inner, represents two inclined surfaces connected by stiffener with formation of groove, in this case the wall thickness from stiffener to outer surface of building guard shall be at least of ?=20 mm, in this case when exposed to explosive shock load, this wall section may be divided into separate parts, and in front of the destructive part, from outer side of the building guard there is a protective shield made of high-strength material, for example armour-piercing material, which is fixed on at least three rods horizontally disposed and perpendicular to the building guard, at the ends of which disks are fixed, and which pass through the openings in the protective shield, besides the discs located from the right side of rods are walled in the building guards, and elastic elements holding up the protective shield to the building guard, thrust against the discs from the left side of rods.EFFECT: increase of response reliability of collapsing explosion protection devices at emergency explosion at the facility.4 dwg

Description

The utility model relates to protective devices used in explosive and radioactive objects, such as easily erasable panels and roofs, explosion-proof guards and dampers, overpressure valves.

A device for explosion-proof panels is known (application DE No. 19638658, IPC E04B 1/92 dated 04/16/1998), where the possibility of raising and lowering the panel to its original place in the explosion is carried out by the action of springs inserted into the support pipes.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is an explosion-proof panel according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2334063, class. E04B 1/92, BI No. 28 dated 09/20/2008 (prototype), consisting of an armored metal frame with armored metal casing and a filler - lead. In the coating of the object near the opening, four support rods are embedded that are telescopically inserted into fixed support pipes embedded in the panel. To fix the limit position of the panel, stop plates are welded to the ends of the support rods.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the reliability of the operation of collapsing explosion-proof devices during an emergency explosion at the facility.

This is achieved by the fact that in the explosion-proof collapsing structure of the enclosure containing reinforced concrete panels of 6000 × 1800 mm in size, the panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts, while the non-collapsing part is made in the form of load-bearing ribs placed along the contour of the collapsing part, and the collapsing part is made in the form at least two coaxially located recesses in the wall of the building, one of which, the outer one, is formed by the planes of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and d other, internal, consists of two inclined surfaces connected by an edge, with the formation of a groove, while the wall thickness from the edge to the outer surface of the building enclosure should be at least 8-20 mm, while under the influence of shock explosive load this section of the wall can be divided on separate parts, and opposite to the collapsing part, on the outside of the building enclosure there is a protective shield made of high-strength material, such as armor-piercing material, which is fixed to at least three horizontally arranged rods lying and perpendicular to the building barrier, at the ends of which the disks are fixed and which pass through the holes in the protective shield, the disks located on the right side of the rods are walled up in the building enclosures, and the elastic elements supporting the protective screen against the disks on the left side of the rods fencing of buildings.

Figure 1 presents the general diagram of the explosion-proof collapsing structure of the building enclosure, figure 2 is a diagram of the location of the protective shield, figure 3 is the nature of the change in pressure Δp from time τ when burning combustible mixtures indoors, figure 4 is a diagram of an elastic damping element .

Explosion-proof collapsing fencing design (Fig. 1) of phonon-free buildings (organized collapsing design of ORK), in which there are no window openings, consists of reinforced concrete panels 1 with a size of 6000 × 1800 mm. The panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts. The nondestructive part is made in the form of bearing ribs 9 (200 × 150 mm), placed along the contour of the ORC. The collapsing part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located niches (recesses in the wall of the building), one of which, the outer one, is formed by the planes 2,3,4,5 of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other, the inner one, represents two inclined surfaces 6 and 7 connected by a rib 8 to form a groove, while the wall thickness from the rib 8 to the outer surface of the building enclosure should be at least δ = 20 mm. Due to these grooves in the wall of the building under the influence of shock explosive load, this section of the wall can be divided into separate parts. The collapsing parts of the panel in the grooves are connected by fittings (not shown in the drawing) in such a way that the plates do not deform during transportation, installation and wind load.

Opposite the collapsing part, on the outside of the building’s enclosure there is a protective shield 10 (FIG. 2) made of a material of increased strength, for example, armored material, which is fixed to at least three horizontal rods 11, perpendicular to the building’s enclosure, at the ends of which disks are fixed 12 and 13 and which pass through holes 14. made in a protective shield, the disks 13 located on the right side of the rods being walled up in the building fencing, and in the disks 12 located on the left side of the rods 11, elastic-damping elements 15 abut, supporting the protective shield 10 against the building enclosure (not shown in the drawing), or the protective shield 10 may be fixed to the building enclosure on latches or latches 24.

The recesses in the wall of the building (niche), one of which, the outer one, is formed by the planes 2,3,4,5 of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other is the inner one, consists of two inclined surfaces 6 and 7, connected by an edge 8, can be filled with heat and sound absorbing material 16 and closed with a decorative panel that is easily destroyed by explosion 17.

Each of the elastic damping elements 15 (Fig. 4) is fixed by means of screws 19 with its base 18, made in the form of a circular disk of a hard vibration-damping material of the Agat type, on the stop sheets 12, rigidly connected to the rods 11. The base 18 of the elastic damping element is connected with a sleeve 20 of elastomer having a central hole through which the rod 11 passes. The sleeve has at least three holes 21 coaxial with the rod 11 in which the elastic elements 22, for example coil springs, are arranged, rhny end which by means of fastening elements 23 attached to the base 18, and the bottom is in the (nepodzhatom) state and protrudes beyond the bottom plane of the sleeve 20 on the distance determined forces developed explosive shock wave.

In an explosion inside the production room, the protective shield 10 is horizontally displaced with armored metal sheathing and a filler from the action of a shock wave (for example, lead), and overpressure is released through the opening in the wall. In this case, the elastic damping elements 15 are compressed, absorbing the energy of the explosion, and then return the panel to its original state.

Using the proposed technical solution allows the prevention of explosive objects from destruction and the reduction of harmful substances into the atmosphere during an accidental explosion.

Explosion-proof collapsing construction of buildings works as follows.

For most gas-air mixtures (DHW), the maximum explosion pressure in a closed volume p _max at µ = 1 is 0.7 ÷ 1.0 MPa, i.e. 6 ÷ 9 times higher than atmospheric pressure (figure 3). Such pressure creates a load significantly exceeding the bearing capacity of structures (walls, floors) of industrial buildings. Obviously, so much pressure should not be allowed. To do this, when developing a production project, openings are provided. Figure 2 shows the nature of the change in pressure Δp from time τ during the combustion of combustible mixtures indoors: Δp _vsk - pressure, causing the opening of the safety structures (PC); Δp _add - permissible pressure in the room (Δp _add = 5 kPa); 1 - dynamics of pressure changes for rooms with openings; 2 - pressure change dynamics for rooms with a PC.

Consider the main scenarios leading to the ignition of combustible systems (HS) for compressed gases - depressurization of equipment with the formation of gas-air mixtures; for LVH - emergency liquid spill with formation of vapor-air mixtures; for dusts - dust accumulation on the surfaces of structures and equipment with the formation of dusty air mixtures.

In practice, safety structures are widely used to divert energy during combustion. For this, it is necessary to have such a number of holes in the disturbed building envelopes that would allow the passage of the required amount of both burnt and cold gas. These holes are usually called discharge, and the structures that enclose them are called safety structures (PC). The safety structures are opened at a relatively small excess pressure and thereby provide the possibility of intensive outflow of gas (combustion products and unreacted parts of the gas supply system) through the formed openings from the room to the outside atmosphere. The outflow of gas into the atmosphere leads to a decrease in overpressure in the room. The degree of pressure reduction depends on the area of the PC, the patterns of their opening, the type of HS, the nature of the gas contamination of the room, its space-planning solution, and other factors. A very interesting application as a PC was glass, glazing. Glasses used as PCs can be installed both in the walls of the building (in the form of glazed window frames) and in the lanterns (lantern superstructures) mounted on the roof of the structure. In the latter case, not only vertical glazing can be used, but also inclined and horizontal glazing. The formation of openings in glazed window frames and lanterns (lamp superstructures) occurs as a result of the destruction of glasses under the influence of excess pressure arising in the room during explosive burning of gas. The patterns of opening the glazing largely depend on the size of the glass, their thickness, fixing conditions and the type of glazing (single, double or triple).

There are PC solutions in the form of lightweight drop-down wall panels. These panels are attached to the building frame in such a way that, at a relatively small excess pressure that occurs in the room during explosive combustion of the horizontal structure, the fasteners are destroyed and the panels are separated from the frame. As a result of the dumping of wall panels, a certain part of the external enclosure of the room is eliminated. In the coatings of the building, PCs can be arranged in the form of lightweight slabs that overlap the previously provided openings. Plates have weakened areas due to rectilinear, triangular in the cross section of the grooves. Due to these grooves, under the influence of the load, the plate can be divided into separate parts. The collapsing parts of the panel in the grooves are joined by fittings so that the plates do not deform during transportation, installation and wind load.

A formula is obtained for determining the required area of such openings:

$$F=\frac{\mathrm{four}\sqrt[3]{V_0^2}\alpha w_n\sqrt{\rho \left(\epsilon -\mathrm{one}\right)}}{\sqrt{\Delta p_{d\mathrm{about}P}}}$$

where V ₀ is the free volume of the room, m ³ ;

α is the coefficient of intensification of combustion;

w _n - normal flame propagation velocity in a mixture of stoichiometric composition, m / s;

ρ is the density of gases flowing from the openings, kg / m ³ ;

ε is the degree of thermal expansion of the combustion products;

Δp _add - allowable room pressure (5 kPa).

Using the proposed technical solution allows the prevention of explosive objects from destruction and the reduction of harmful substances into the atmosphere during an accidental explosion.

Claims (1)

Explosion-proof collapsible building enclosure structure containing reinforced concrete panels of 6000 × 1800 mm in size, the panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts, while the non-collapsing part is made in the form of load-bearing ribs placed along the contour of the collapsing part, and the collapsing part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located recesses in the wall of the building, one of which, external, is formed by the planes of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other is internal, represents two inclined surfaces connected by an edge with the formation of a groove, while the wall thickness from the edge to the outer surface of the building fence must be at least δ = 20 mm, while under the influence of shock explosive load this wall section can be divided into separate parts, and the area of the collapsing part of the openings is calculated by the formula:

where V ₀ is the free volume of the room, m ³ ;
α is the coefficient of intensification of combustion;
w _n - normal flame propagation velocity in a mixture of stoichiometric composition, m / s;
ρ is the density of gases flowing from the openings, kg / m ³ ;
ε is the degree of thermal expansion of the combustion products;
Δp _add - allowable room pressure (5 kPa),
and on the contrary to the collapsing part, on the outside of the building’s enclosure there is a protective shield made of high-strength material, such as armored material, which is mounted on at least three rods horizontally and perpendicular to the building’s enclosure, at the ends of which the disks are fixed, and which pass through the holes in the protective screen, and the disks located on the right side of the rods are walled up in the fencing of the building, and the elastic elements supporting the protection abut against the disks on the left side of the rods a solid screen to the enclosure of buildings, and recesses in the wall of the building, one of which, the outer one, is formed by the planes of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other is the inner one, consists of two inclined surfaces connected by an edge, filled with heat-sound-absorbing material and covered with decorative , easily destroyed by an explosion by a panel, characterized in that the elastic damping elements are made so that one end is rigidly connected by its base to the abutment sheets, and the other is freely located, wherein each of the elastic damping elements is fixed by screws with its base, made in the form of a circular disk of a hard vibration damping material of the type "Agat", on the stop sheets, rigidly connected to the rods, and the base of the elastic damping element is connected to the elastomer sleeve having a central hole, through which the rod passes, and the sleeve has at least three holes coaxial with the rod, in which elastic elements, for example cylindrical coil springs, are located orets which by means of fastening elements connected to the base, and the bottom is in nepodzhatom state and protrudes beyond the bottom plane of the sleeve for a distance defined by the forces developed by an explosive shock wave.

Images