RU2522154C2 - Cooling circuit of heat exchange unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat power engineering and can be used in cryogenic equipment for evaporation of gaseous media contained in liquid state in rocket-and-space equipment and in national economy, for example for gasification of liquefied gases and their mixtures. The cooling circuit of a heat exchange unit, preferably of a cryogenic liquid evaporator, which contains a housing, in which heat exchange element and a heater is located. The housing is made in the form of at least two double-layer covers forming an annular cavity for passage of heating heat carrier; with that, each of the covers consists of two shells rigidly attached to each other, between which channels combined into cryogenic product supply and discharge manifolds are formed. A cover plate in which mixing elements and an ignition device is fixed at the annular cavity inlet, and a gas line is installed at its outlet. The circuit is shaped and includes at least a cylindrical part and a convergent part in the form of a confuser, preferably a conical one, so that an annular cavity with channels for passage of cryogenic component between the above parts is formed. Ribs forming channels for passage of cryogenic component in the internal cover are made on inner surface of cylindrical part of the external shell; with that, the above ribs of the convergent part of the shell are made on outer surface of the internal convergent part of the shell. Inside the conical part, preferably in its central zone, there installed is a connection pipe connected to the cavity of the internal cover, and manifolds for supply and discharge of cryogenic component to the inner cavity of the external cover are located on the above convergent part of the external cover.

EFFECT: improving cooling efficiency.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heat engineering and can be used in cryogenic technology for the vaporization of gaseous media in a liquid state, in space rocket technology and in the national economy, for example, for gasification of liquefied gases and mixtures thereof.

To solve promising technical problems, there is a need for an evaporator-gasifier with a developed heating surface, compact, simple in design, low weight, for relatively high flow rates (more than 10 kg / s) of the evaporated coolant and operable at high pressures (more than 10 MPa).

Known evaporator of cryogenic liquid (hereinafter the evaporator), comprising a housing with concentric partitions located therein, a coil with a cryogenic product made of two parts, one of which is located between the housing and the partition, and the other between the partitions, electric heaters located in the central part of the housing . The space between the casing and the outer partition is filled with water forming an ice screen (AS No. 932094, IPC: F17C 9/02, 1982).

The main disadvantages of this evaporator are:

- the use of water in the device complicates the design, limits the choice of the maximum values of temperature and pressure of the coolant, which in turn leads to a limitation of the maximum thermal power, an increase in the total mass of the structure and an increase in the time the device goes into operation and, in addition, imposes additional requirements for maintaining tightness housing, as well as the purity of the water used, in addition, electric heaters have a limited service life and their presence leads to the need to have an electric source Tracking them with control equipment.

A known path is an evaporator of cryogenic liquid, comprising a housing in which heat exchange elements, a heater are located, the housing being made in the form of two-layer cylindrical shells forming an annular cavity for passage of the heating fluid, each of the shells consists of two cylinders rigidly interconnected, between which are formed channels combined into collectors for supplying and discharging a cryogenic product, while at the entrance to the annular cavity a lid is fixed in which the mixing element is installed s and a flammable device, and a gas duct is fixed at the output (RF patent No. 2347972, IPC: F17C 9/02, 07/10/2007 - prototype).

The evaporator operates as follows.

The evaporated medium is supplied in two streams through the inlet pipes to the collectors and through the channels of the inner shell and the outer shell enters, gradually evaporating, to the collectors, from which it is discharged through the outlet pipelines towards the consumer.

The flow of the evaporated medium can be carried out both “downstream” and “counterflow” with respect to the movement of the heating medium.

Heating medium - heat carrier - products of combustion of any fuel, for example kerosene, alcohol, natural gas, etc., the temperature of which can reach from 900 K to 2200 K (regulated by the ratio of fuel components) and is limited only by the properties of the materials used, moves from the fire wall of the cover towards the gas duct, giving off heat along the evaporated medium flowing through the channels of the shells along the way.

Preparation of fuel components for the combustion process: mixing, spraying is carried out by mixing elements, and an ignition device is used to ignite the mixture.

The disadvantages of the cooling path of this evaporator is the significant complexity of the design and assembly, as well as the significant dimensions and weight due to the adopted layout of the structural elements of the evaporator.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, improve technical characteristics and expand the functionality of the evaporator.

The problem is achieved due to the fact that in the proposed cooling path of the heat exchanger containing the housing, made in the form of two two-layer shells forming an annular cavity for the passage of the heating fluid, each of the shells consists of two shells rigidly interconnected, between which channels are formed combined into collectors for supplying and discharging a cryogenic component, according to the invention, the path is shaped and contains at least a cylindrical part and tapering part in the form of a confuser, preferably conical, with the formation of an annular cavity with channels for the passage of the cryogenic component between these parts, while the ribs forming channels for the passage of the cryogenic component in the inner shell are made on the inner surface of the cylindrical part of the outer shell, while on the tapering part these ribs are made on the outer surface of the inner tapering part of the shell, and inside the conical part, preferably in its central zone, patr side connected to the inner cavity of the shell, and the supply and discharge collectors cryogenic component into the internal cavity of the outer shell positioned on said tapered portion of the outer shell.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an evaporator; FIG. 2 is a transverse section aa of the cylindrical part of the path of the inner shell, in FIG. 3 is a transverse section BB of the conical part of the tract of the inner shell. In FIG. 2 and 3, the “•" sign shows the movement of the cryogenic liquid towards the mixing head, and the “+" sign - from it.

The tract is designed to supply the cryogenic component inside the casing 1 of the evaporator of the cryogenic component, which is made in the form of two two-layer shells 2 and 3, forming an annular cavity 4 for the passage of the heating coolant. Each of the shells 2 and 3 consists of two shells 5, 6 and 7, 8 rigidly connected to each other, respectively.

The shells 5, 6 and 7, 8 of the housing 1 are made profiled and contain cylindrical parts 9, 10 and 11, 12 and tapering parts 13, 14 and 15, 16, respectively.

In each shell 2 and 3 channels 17 and 18 are made, respectively.

The channels 17 on the cylindrical part 10 of the shell 2 are made on the inner surface of the shell 6, and on the tapering part 13 of the shell 2 on the outer surface of the specified part. The shells 5, 6 and 13, 14 are interconnected along the vertices of the ribs forming grooves.

The channels 17 of the inner shell 2 are connected to the collectors of the inlet 19 and the outlet 20. The channels 18 of the outer shell 3 are connected to the collectors of the inlet 21 and the outlet 22. At the entrance to the annular cavity 4 a cover 23 is fixed, in which the mixing elements 24 and the ignition device 25 are mounted. the outlet of the annular cavity 4 is installed gas duct 26.

Inside the gas duct 26, a support 27 is mounted with the possibility of sliding along the inner cylindrical part of the gas duct when heating or cooling the various components of the structure.

A collector 28 is mounted on the outer surface of the housing 1 for supplying one of the fuel components to the mixing elements 24.

The evaporator operates as follows.

The evaporated medium, for example, the cryogenic component, is supplied in two streams through the supply pipes to the collectors 19, 21 and through the channels 17 of the inner shell 2 and the channels 18 of the outer shell 3, gradually evaporating, to the collectors 20, 21, from which it is diverted to the side by the discharge pipelines consumer.

In the inner cavity 18 of the outer shell 3, the cryogenic component is supplied from the collector 21 located on the tapering part of the outer shell, and served so that the filled channels are evenly alternated with unfilled, pass the cryogenic component through the entire shell 3, then deploy in the initial part of the cylindrical shell and return to the output manifold 22, located in the tapering part, through the remainder of the channels.

The flow of the evaporated medium — the cryogenic component — can be carried out “downstream” or “countercurrent” with respect to the movement of the heating medium.

Heating medium - heat carrier - products of combustion of any fuel, for example kerosene, alcohol, natural gas, etc., the temperature of which can reach from 900 K to 2200 K, moves from the fire wall of the cover 23 towards the gas duct 26, giving away along the way heat of the evaporated medium — the cryogenic component flowing through the channels 17 and 18 of the shells 2 and 3, respectively.

Mixing and spraying is carried out by the mixing elements 24, and the device 25 is used to ignite the mixture.

In an embodiment, a manifold 28 for supplying one of the fuel components to the mixing elements 24 is installed on the inner surface of the housing 1.

Using the proposed invention will improve the mass-dimensional characteristics of the evaporator, simplify its design and assembly.

Claims (1)

The cooling path of the heat exchanger containing the housing, made in the form of two two-layer shells forming an annular cavity for the passage of the heating fluid, each shell consisting of two shells rigidly interconnected, between which channels are formed, combined into collectors for supplying and discharging the cryogenic component , characterized in that the path is made profiled and contains at least a cylindrical part and a tapering part in the form of a confuser, preferably conical, with images a ring cavity with channels for the passage of the cryogenic component between the indicated parts, the ribs forming the channels for the passage of the cryogenic component in the inner shell are made on the inner surface of the cylindrical part of the outer shell, while on the tapering part of the shell these ribs are made on the outer surface of the inner tapering part of the shell, and inside the conical part, preferably in its central zone, a pipe is installed connected to the cavity of the inner shell, and the collector supply and discharge of the cryogenic component to the interior cavity of the outer shell disposed on said tapered portion of the outer shell.

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