RU2521857C2 - Grinding machine for carrot seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine for grinding carrot seeds comprises a grinding drum which inner surface is coated with a layer of rubber, a hopper-metering unit, and an unloading tray. The grinding drum is formed helical around the perimeter from sections in the form of polyhedra. The latter have faces in the form of equilateral triangles interconnected with two sides on the surface of the drum and placed at an angle to one another and to its axis. At that the sections are interconnected with the free sides of the triangles. All sides of the triangles converge at one point-apex of each section to form on the outer surface of directed towards each other polygonal helical surfaces of the same pitch and broken helical lines of the same pitch. The inner surface of the grinding drum is coated with rubber layer.

EFFECT: invention has advanced technological capabilities, simplified design and improved performance.

13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to equipment for presowing treatment of seed material, and can be used to prepare for sowing seeds of small seeded crops, such as carrots.

A known machine for grinding beet seeds, containing a frame, a drive mechanism, a hopper, a rotating horizontal grinding drum with an abrasive surface formed by hemispherical protrusions, inside of which there is a working body, represented by a shaft, on which there are elastic plates having abrasive surfaces forming with horizontal drum grinding chamber with a variable gap in the cross section. For unloading seeds, the machine is equipped with an unloading window and an unloading chute (author's certificate. USSR No. 1470211, MKI A01C1 / 00, published on 04/07/1989 in Bull. No. 13).

A disadvantage of the known device is the limited technological capabilities, since this machine is not suitable for grinding small-seeded crops, for example carrot seeds, since the abrasive surfaces of the machine lead to a high degree of injury to these seeds, resulting in a sharp decrease in sowing qualities and germination of the latter. In addition, the machine has not high enough productivity.

Closest to the proposed is a machine for grinding seeds of carrots (patent No. 2251242, MKI A01C 1/00, publ. 05/10/2005, application 2004103436/12, 02/05/2004) containing a hopper that rotates with a discharge window horizontal grinding a drum, the inner surface of which is covered with a layer of rubber, a working body is installed inside the drum in the form of a frame with elastic rubber plates with screw corrugations.

The disadvantages of the known device are limited technological capabilities, design complexity and not high enough performance.

The technical solution is to expand technological capabilities, simplify the design and increase productivity.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that in a machine for grinding carrot seeds containing a grinding drum, the inner surface of which is covered with a layer of rubber, a hopper, a discharge chute, the grinding drum is made around the perimeter by a screw from a section in the form of polyhedrons with faces in the form of equilateral triangles connected between each other with two of its sides on the surface of the drum and placed at an angle to each other and to its axis, while the sections are interconnected by the free sides of the triangles and all sides triangles converge at one vertex point of each section with the formation on the outer surface of broken helical surfaces of the same pitch directed to each other and broken helical lines of the same pitch, while the inner surface of the grinding drum is covered with a layer of rubber.

According to the patent literature not found a technical solution similar to the claimed, which allows to judge about the inventive step of the proposed design of the machine for grinding carrot seeds.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that due to the implementation of the grinding drum in the form of a hollow multi-start helical surface, the elements from which it is assembled are mounted at certain angles not only to each other, but also to the axis of rotation, and therefore they work like shelves , capture portions of seeds and direct them towards not only each other, but opposite walls of the rotating helical grinding drum. Therefore, the intensity and activity of mixing seeds increases and the technological capabilities of the machine for grinding carrot seeds increase.

The novelty is due to the fact that, since the area, shape and size of the bore of the screw grinding drum along its length varies from loading to unloading, the process of mixing is intensified, not only does the interaction of seeds with each other and with the walls of the screw grinding drum increase, but and the frequency of their interaction and the amplitude of movement with each other changes, as a result, the technological capabilities of the machine for grinding carrot seeds increase.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a General view of the device of the machine for grinding seeds of carrots; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 - grinding screw drum of the machine, General view, front view with sections assembled from 6 triangles; figure 4 - grinding screw drum of the machine, a top view of figure 3; 5 is a section bB in figure 3; figure 6 - section bb in figure 3; Fig.7 is a section bb In Fig.3; on Fig - grinding screw drum of the machine, General view, front view with sections assembled from 8 triangles; figure 9 is a section DD in Fig; figure 10 - grinding drum of the machine, General view, front view with sections assembled from 10 triangles; figure 11 is a section EE in figure 10; on Fig - grinding drum of the machine, front view with sections assembled from 12 triangles; on Fig - section KK in Fig.12.

Machine for grinding carrot seeds (figure 1, figure 2) consists of a frame 1, made in the form of a welded frame with the ability to change the angle of inclination to the horizon (not shown). A rotation drive of the grinding drum 2, consisting of an electric motor 3, a gearbox 4 and four roller bearings 5, is fixed on the bed. The grinding drum 2 is equipped with two rims 6, which are supported by roller with flanges of the support 5. A seed hopper 7 of the seeds and an unloading bin are mounted on the frame 1 tray 8. The inner surface of the grinding drum 2 is covered with rubber 9.

The grinding screw drum 2 is made of sections mounted of six, eight, ten, etc. equilateral triangles, for example in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 from sections 10 mounted from six equilateral triangles 11 (in FIG. 3 one of the triangles 11 is shown by a double line), connected to each other on the free sides 12 and 13. In this case, sections 10 are connected into a helical grinding drum 2 by the free sides 14 of equilateral triangles 11. As a result of connecting the sections to each other, a multi-start helical surface is formed with pronounced continuous broken helical lines directed towards each other . Figure 3 and figure 4 thickened lines show one of the three right helical lines 15-16-17-18-19-20-21 of the main direction with a step S ₁ and one of the three left helical lines 22-23-19-24 -25-16-26 opposite direction with a step S ₂ equal to the step S _{1 of the} main direction. The grinding screw drum 2 is characterized in that the area of the passage section along its length in one step of the helical lines changes twice in each section from the hexagon (Fig. 5) to the triangle (Fig. 6) and again to the hexagon (Fig. 7). One step S ₁ or S ₂ helix contains six sections with a variable flow area, which violates the stationary motion of the seeds in the grinding screw drum 2.

The grinding screw drum 2 can be made (Fig. 8, Fig. 9) from sections assembled from eight identical equilateral triangles 27 (in Fig. 8 one of the triangles 27 is shown by a double line) with the formation along the perimeter of the grinding screw drum 2 directed towards each other friend of four right and four left broken helical lines with the same pitch. Figure 7 shows the thickened lines 28-29-30-31-32-33 one of the four right helical lines with a step S ₃ and one of the four left broken helical lines 34-35-31-36-37-38 with a step S ₄ . One step S ₃ or S _{4 of the} helix contains eight sections with a variable flow area, which violates the stationary motion of the seeds in the grinding screw drum 2.

The grinding screw drum 2 can be made (FIG. 10, FIG. 11) of sections 39, each of which is formed of ten equilateral triangular equilateral triangles 40 (one of the triangles 40 shown in FIG. 10 by a double line). Triangles 40 are connected to each other in sections by their lateral sides 41 and 42, while sections 39 are connected to each other in a grinding screw drum 2 by third, free sides 43 of triangles 40. The vertices of the triangles form around the perimeter of the grinding screw drum 2 five right and five left broken screw lines (figure 10) with the same step S ₅ and S ₆ One of the five right broken helical lines with step S ₅ shown in figure 10 a thickened line 44-45-46-47-48-49-50-51-52. One of the five left broken helical lines with step S _{6 is} shown in FIG. 10 with a thickened line 53-51-54-55-56-57-46-58-59. One step S ₅ or S _{6 of the} helix contains ten sections with a variable flow area, which violates the stationary motion of the seeds in the grinding screw drum 2.

Grinding screw drum 2 can be made of sections in an amount of more than ten, for example, in FIG. 12, FIG. 13 sections of which are assembled from 24 equal equilateral triangles 60 (shown in FIG. 13 by double lines) to form a grinding screw drum 2 around the perimeter twelve right and left broken helical lines in increments of S ₇ and S ₈ . One of the twelve right-hand broken helical lines with a step of S _{7 is} shown in FIG. 12 with a thickened line 61-62-63-64-65-66-67-68-69-70-71-72. One of the twelve left broken helix lines with a step of S _{8 is} shown in FIG. 12 with a thickened line 73-74-75-76-77-78-66-79-80-81-82-83. One step S ₇ or S _{8 of the} helical lines contains twenty-four sections with a variable flow area, which violates the stationary motion of the seeds in the grinding screw drum 2.

The proposed machine for grinding carrot seeds works as follows.

Seeds, for example carrots, are continuously loaded into the grinding screw drum 2 through the hopper 7. When the grinding screw drum 2 rotates, flat multidirectional elements - the walls of the grinding screw drum 2 change and give additional movement to the seeds, and also move them from loading to the unloading tray 8, while the seeds move along helical lines and are unloaded from the grinding screw drum 2 into the unloading tray 8. In the process of moving seeds from the metering hopper 7 to the unloading tray 8, the seeds make a complex spatial movement, are in contact with each other and with the walls of the grinding drum 2, and since the direction of their movement changes under the influence of flat differently inclined walls of the screw grinding drum 2, the process of grinding the seeds is intensified, intensive grinding of the seeds takes place, while the spikes break off from the seeds, and the seeds are rubbed against the rubber coating of the grinding screw drum 2 , and also between each other intensively polished and then unloaded into the unloading tray 8.

Technical and economic advantages arise due to an increase in the frequency of interaction of seeds not only with each other, but also with the walls of the grinding screw drum, which increases the intensity of mixing, increases the energy consumption and frequency of interaction of seeds, increases productivity and expands technological capabilities.

Claims (1)

A machine for grinding carrot seeds, containing a grinding drum, the inner surface of which is covered with a layer of rubber, a hopper, an unloading tray, characterized in that the grinding drum is made around the perimeter by a screw from sections in the form of polyhedrons with faces in the form of equilateral triangles interconnected by two their sides on the surface of the drum and placed at an angle to each other and to its axis, while the sections are interconnected by the free sides of the triangles and all sides of the triangles converge a single point - the top of each section to form on the outer surface directed toward each other polygonal helical surfaces of equal pitch helical lines and broken lines of the same step, the inner surface of the grinding drum is covered with a layer of rubber.

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