RU2520038C2 - Loose vegetable stock grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to grinding of loose vegetable stock. Loose vegetable stock grinder comprises grinding chamber 1 with loading funnel 2, rotor 3 with hammers 5 and screen 4 arranged in grinding chamber to continuously decrease radial clearance between rotor 3 and rotor 3 hammers 5. Note here that screen 4 features uniform helical thickness while rotor 3 hammers 5 are shaped to isosceles trapezoid. Knife grinds are made at sides of hammers 5.

EFFECT: stable granulometric composition of ground material.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of food, chemical, agriculture - feed industry, in particular to methods and devices for grinding bulk plant materials to a stable particle size state.

Known "Hammer feed chopper" (RU No. 2046661, IPC B 02 C 13/284, 1992), comprising a housing with a hammer rotor. A classifier is placed inside the case in the form of a perforated cylinder, divided into sections. Perforation is the same in one section and differs from other sections. On the inner surface of the gutter there are opposed ribs. The rotor is displaced downward relative to the housing, cylinder and trough coaxially located between each other.

The main disadvantage of this design is the use when grinding only a small part of the sieve surface area of the classifier, which leads to a decrease in equipment performance.

Also known is the “Feed crusher”, (SU No. 992087, IPC В 02 С 13/04, 19802), which has a housing with a hammer rotor and a grooved sieve installed in it, the grooves are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the working ends of the hammers are installed at the same distance from cavities and protrusions of the sieve.

The disadvantage of this crusher is that in order to ensure equality of the gap between the hammers and troughs, the protrusions of the sieve, the suspension axes of the hammers are located at different radii, which leads to an imbalance of the rotor, while the number of hammers on one axis must be rigidly linked to the number of sieve grooves in connection with which the number of hammers is limited and, accordingly, the probability of meeting the impact edge of the hammer and the crushed material, leading to an increase in the time spent in the grinding zone and, accordingly, to a fall vivacity.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method and taken as a prototype is the “Hammer mill” (SU No. 1604466 A1, IPC В 02 С 13/04, 13/284, 1989), which implements the method of grinding (dispersing) bulk raw materials the account of the operations of impact, abrasion and crushing of raw materials (material) in the gap between the ends of the hammers and the sieve.

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient (low-quality) grinding (dispersion) of raw materials due to the insufficient (limited) number of operations of the impact of grinding organs on the material, i.e. the use of operations only impact, splitting, abrasion and creasing, as well as due to the technologically sophisticated manufacture of a sieve with a variable thickness around its circumference and as a result of clogging its bore, due to the large length of the paths of crushed raw materials, all this leads to a decrease in manufacturability and the grinding efficiency of plant bulk materials in general.

The closest technical solution to the claimed design of the grinder device and taken as a prototype is the "Hammer Crusher" (SU No. 1604466 A1, IPC В 02 С 13/04, 13/284, 1989), which includes a crushing chamber with a loading neck, a rotor with hammers and a sieve placed in the crushing chamber so that the radial clearance between it and the rotor hammers is continuously reduced in the direction of rotation of the rotor, and the thickness of the sieve increases accordingly.

The disadvantage of this crusher is the structural complexity of the sieve with varying thickness along its circumference, as well as the clogging of its bore due to the large length of the paths of the crushed raw materials (material) in the zone of large thickness of the sieve, as well as the insufficient (limited) number of functionality of the grinding organs of the material leading to a decrease in the quality of grinding (not to obtain a stable particle size distribution) of plant materials.

The technical result to which the invention is directed is to create a highly efficient grinding method and grinder device while simultaneously improving manufacturability and expanding functionality due to a simple and reliable design designed for high-quality dispersion of plant materials with different physicomechanical properties and stable particle size distribution obtained shredded material.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the Method of grinding bulk plant material, which consists in the operations of the impact action of the rotor hammers, abrasion and creasing of the raw materials in the gap between the ends of the hammers and the sieve, an additional cutting operation is introduced using knife sharpeners on the sides of the percussion instrument.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the grinder of bulk vegetable raw materials, including a crushing chamber with a loading funnel, a rotor with hammers and a sieve, placed in the crushing chamber with the possibility of continuous reduction, along the rotor, of the radial clearance between it and the rotor hammers, the sieve is made uniform the thickness of the spiral shape, and the rotor hammers are made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, while on the sides of which are made knife sharpening.

The drive is carried out from the electric motor through V-belt transmission with the possibility of changing the gear ratio.

This embodiment of the method and the constructive implementation of the grinder (crusher), namely a sieve of uniform thickness of a spiral shape and hammers in the form of an equilateral trapezoid with knife sharpenings on the sides, promotes uniform grinding of plant material, multiple impacts with rotor hammers, cutting with knife surfaces, abrasion and creasing material in the gap between the ends of the hammers and the sieve, which allows to achieve stable operation of the grinder (crusher) with a high degree of grinding. The invention is illustrated by the figures:

figure 1 - shows a longitudinal section of the proposed grinder (crusher);

figure 2 - construction of a hammer;

figure 3 - chopper drive, where:

1 - crushing chamber

2 - loading funnel

3 - rotor

4 - sieve

5 - hammers

6 - knife sharpening

7 - axis

8 - electric motor

9, 10 - pulleys

11 - belt

The grinder (crusher) consists of a crushing chamber 1, a loading funnel 2, a rotor 3 and a sieve 4. The rotor consists of two half-shafts, disks and axes between them, on which hammers 5 are fixed.

The hammers shown in figure 2, have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, in which the sides have a double-sided knife sharpening 6 and a hole for mounting on the axis 7.

The drive of the grinder (crusher) is shown in figure 3 and is carried out from the electric motor 8 by means of a V-belt transmission with a variable gear ratio by changing the position of the belt 11 on the corresponding pulleys 9 and 10.

The grinder (crusher) works as follows:

The processed raw material enters through the feed funnel 2 into the working cavity of the grinder (crushing chamber 1), where it falls onto the rapidly rotating hammers 5, while depending on the place and angle of the particles of raw materials with the hammers, grinding occurs due to the simultaneous splitting blow and cutting operation, then abrasion and crushing, then the raw material due to centrifugal force falls into the gap between the rotor 3 and the sieve 4 and is classified by the size of the holes of the sieve, or leaves the grinding zone, or, being reflected, I get again in the grinding zone, either by reducing the gap between the sieve 4 and the knives 6 are crushed due to abrasion. The grinding process continues until the particle size of the crushed raw material does not become smaller than the diameter of the holes in the sieve-classifier.

Compared with the known analogues, thanks to the proposed method and the inventive design of the grinder, a stable operation of the grinder (crusher) is achieved with a high degree of grinding of raw materials with various physical and mechanical properties, and the energy consumption of grinding is reduced, that is, the proposed grinding method is technological, and the design the grinder is simple and reliable, and as a result of obtaining the crushed material with a stable particle size distribution, which is generally character Learn the method and device highly efficient.

Claims (1)

A grinder of bulk plant materials, including a crushing chamber with a loading funnel, a rotor with hammers and a sieve, placed in the crushing chamber with the possibility of continuously decreasing the radial clearance between it and the rotor hammers along the rotor, characterized in that the sieve is made of a uniform thickness of a spiral shape, and rotor hammers are made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, on the sides of which knife sharpenings are made.

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