RU2517105C2 - Cigarette extinguishment method and self-extinguishing cigarette - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: tobacco industry.

SUBSTANCE: usage: invention relates to a cigarette extinguishment method and to a self- extinguishing cigarette for the method implementation. The specificity of the self- extinguishing cigarette (containing a tobacco core consisting of fragments with low and high tobacco stuffing density, a paper cartridge enveloping the core and a filter) is as follows: fragments with high stuffing density are placed along the tobacco core length from the open end to the filter in the form of a conic frustum, oriented with conicity towards the filter, while fragments with low stuffing density are placed along the periphery of the conic frustum between the latter and the paper cartridge.

EFFECT: self- extinguishing cigarette development.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the extinguishing of cigarettes after smoking, thrown on a flammable surface, in residential and non-residential premises, as well as in industrial enterprises, public buildings, warehouses, workshops, forests.

There is a method of extinguishing fires, in which to prevent burning it is necessary: to prevent the oxidizing agent (air oxygen) and the combustible substance from entering the combustion zone, to intensively slow down the rate of chemical reactions in the flame (inhibition), to cool the zone below the ignition temperature (site http: // safety.s-system.ru/main/subject-105). The application of this method is ineffective for extinguishing exclusively smoldering residue of cigarettes.

The closest analogue is a method of extinguishing a fire in a confined space, which consists in reducing the reaction rate by lowering the temperature and the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the combustion zone (RU 2366478 C2, IPC A62C 3/00, published on September 10, 2009).

However, the use of this method solely for the purpose of extinguishing the remaining amount of cigarettes is not effective due to the need for special expensive equipment.

Known cigarette with low flammability, containing a tobacco rod, a paper sleeve. The paper sleeve contains high-temperature rings located perpendicular to the axis and preventing the spread of fire along the length of the cigarette along its surface (RU 2412623 C2, IPC A24D 1/02).

The disadvantage of this cigarette is the insufficient reliability of the quenching when it gets on a flammable surface.

Known cigarette with low flammability, adopted for the prototype, containing a paper sleeve having an axis, a fragment with a high packing density, which is located coaxially around a fragment with a high packing density.

That is, a cigarette consists of a central cylindrical fragment with a high density and a peripheral cylindrical fragment surrounding it with a low density of tobacco packing, as well as a paper sleeve and filter (RU 2266694 C2, IPC A24D 1/02, publ. 12/27/2005).

The disadvantage of such a cigarette is the lack of efficiency and reliability of extinguishing when it gets on a flammable surface.

The objective of the method of extinguishing cigarettes and self-extinguishing cigarettes is to increase the efficiency, reliability of extinguishing unquenched cigarette residues when they fall on a flammable surface.

The technical result of the method of extinguishing cigarettes is implemented by reducing the reaction rate by lowering the temperature and the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the combustion zone, in contrast to the prototype, the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the burning zone is reduced to the minimum value necessary for oxidation of the most combustible gaseous product of thermal decomposition of tobacco, by reducing the area tobacco packing with a high density and a simultaneous increase in the area of tobacco packing with a low density when moving the pyrolysis zone, porous and skalennogo carbonaceous residue during smoldering cigarette from the end of the filter.

The technical result of a self-extinguishing cigarette is realized due to the fact that it contains a tobacco rod consisting of fragments with a low and high density of tobacco packing, a paper sleeve wrapped around it, a filter, but unlike the prototype, fragments with a high density of packing are placed along the length of the tobacco rod from the open end to the filter in the form of a truncated cone, tapering toward the filter, and fragments with a low packing density are placed on the periphery of the truncated cone between it and the paper sleeve.

It is known that to extinguish a smoldering fire, it is necessary to reduce the flow of flammable gases below a certain critical level, which is determined from the relation (D. Dreisdel / Introduction to Fire Dynamics // transl. Yu.A. Koshmarov. - M .: Stroyizdat - 1990. - p. .231)

$$C=C\min ,\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

where C min is the minimum concentration of oxidizing agent in the combustion zone (air oxygen located between the veins of tobacco placed in a paper sleeve), necessary for the oxidation of the most combustible gaseous product of thermal decomposition of tobacco (carbon monoxide).

It is known that to extinguish open fire, the concentration of oxygen in the air should be below 14-15%, and to extinguish smoldering, the concentration of oxygen in the air should be below 5-6%.

When smoldering tobacco in a cigarette, heterogeneous reactions of the interaction of carbon with atmospheric oxygen proceed. The smoldering process occurs where heat transfer is difficult. When the concentration of oxygen in the air decreases, the maximum smoldering temperature decreases.

Thus, the rate of heat release is determined by the concentration of oxygen in the reaction zone.

The basis of the smoldering process is the reaction of atmospheric oxygen (O ₂ ) with carbon (C), consisting of three reactions.

1. The oxidation of carbon (C) with atmospheric oxygen (O ₂ )

C + O ₂ = CO ₂ + 97650 kcal kg mol.

2. Carbon dioxide react with carbon

2C + C ₂ = 2CO + 588860 kcal kg mol.

3. The oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide

2CO + O ₂ = 2CO ₂ +1364 kcal kg mol,

where CO ₂ - carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide),

CO is carbon monoxide.

The smoldering process of a cigarette consists of three zones: a pyrolysis zone, a porous carbonaceous residue zone, a hot carbonaceous residue zone. (D. Dreisdel / Introduction to the dynamics of fires // trans. Yu.A. Koshmarov. - M.: Stroyizdat, - 1990. - p.275). In accordance with the above, the smothering of a smoldering tobacco product occurs due to a decrease in the amount of oxidizing agent (air oxygen) during smoldering during the course of three of the above reactions: the oxidation of carbon (C) by atmospheric oxygen (O _” ), the reaction of the interaction of carbon dioxide with carbon, the oxidation of carbon monoxide .

Figure 1 shows a smoldering cigarette, where: 1 is the pyrolysis zone, 2 is the porous residue zone, 3 is the hot carbonaceous residue zone, 4 is the filter, 5 is the tobacco packing zone, 6 is the carbonaceous residue with ash.

The method of extinguishing a cigarette is as follows.

To extinguish a smoldering cigarette, having a length of 85 mm, a diameter of 8 mm, a circumference of 24.8 mm, when it enters a flammable surface, the concentration of oxygen in the air located between the veins of tobacco placed in a paper sleeve is reduced to C min = 5-6% , that is, the level necessary for the oxidation of carbon monoxide. This is achieved by reducing the density of the tobacco packing in the quenching zone to 0.05-0.15 g / cm ³ .

Thus, in the process of smoldering of the unquenched residue of a cigarette thrown onto a flammable surface, there comes a moment at which, due to a decrease in the area of the tobacco packing with high density and a simultaneous increase in the area of the tobacco packing with low density, when the pyrolysis zone moves, the porous and incandescent carbonaceous residue in the process of burning a cigarette from the end to the filter, the amount of heat released during decay of the previous section will not be enough to reproduce the decay of the subsequent section of tobacco noy stuffing cigarettes along its length. The smoldering of the cigarette stops and self-extinguishing occurs.

Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of a cigarette, where: 7 - a cylindrical tobacco rod, consisting of fragments with a low 8 and high 9 density of the tobacco filling, 10 - a paper sleeve, 4 - a filter, 11 - a truncated cone.

Extinguishing cigarettes is as follows.

When a smoldering, non-quenched residue of a cigarette consisting of a cylindrical tobacco rod 7, a paper sleeve 10, a filter 4 gets on a flammable surface, smoldering extends along the length of the cigarette from the open end to the filter through fragments with a high density of filling 9 enclosed in a truncated cone 11 with a taper, facing the filter. When moving into the pyrolysis zone, a porous and hot solid carbonaceous residue along the length of the cigarette, the number of fragments with a high filling density gradually decreases and the amount of heat generated during their decay and transferred to fragments with a low filling density 8 also decreases. There comes a point at which the amount of heat generated by smoldering fragments with a high density of tobacco packing is not enough for smoldering peripheral fragments with a low density of tobacco packing. At this point, the decay of the cigarette stops and self-extinguishing occurs.

The present invention will find application for extinguishing smoldering cigarettes after smoking in residential and non-residential premises, as well as in industrial enterprises, public buildings, industrial sites, warehouses, workshops, forests.

Claims (2)

1. The method of extinguishing cigarettes by reducing the reaction rate by lowering the temperature and the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the combustion zone, characterized in that the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the combustion zone is reduced to the minimum value necessary to oxidize the most combustible gaseous product of thermal decomposition of tobacco, by reducing the packing area tobacco with a high density and a simultaneous increase in the area of the tobacco packing with low density when moving the pyrolysis zone, the porous and incandescent carbonaceous residue in essays smoldering cigarette from the end of the filter. 2. A self-extinguishing cigarette containing a tobacco rod, consisting of fragments with a low and high density of tobacco packing, a paper sleeve wrapped around it, a filter, characterized in that the fragments with a high density of tobacco packing are placed along the length of the tobacco rod from the open end to the filter in the form of a truncated cone, tapering toward the filter, and fragments with a low packing density are placed on the periphery of the truncated cone between it and the paper sleeve.

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