RU2514059C2 - Powered support for steep slopes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining industry, in particular, to the field of powered supporting of stope faces during extraction of coal from steep beds of high and average thickness. The powered support comprises a support base, comprising bottomhole and goaf beams with barriers and strut stands, connected to each other by tails from special profile, and linear sections, each of which comprises a beam, a block, an equipment compartment, and also strut, haulage and correction elements. At the same time the equipment compartment comprises two capsules with a hatch and a manhole, and also a technological hatch and windows for supply of a laser or an ultrasonic device to a bottomhole, between which the capsules are fixed by lock devices, and have manholes are provided for communication. Under the equipment compartment there is a haulage and stabilisation unit, comprising a body, the bottom of which has a bulge in the form of a block. Roller supports are fixed directly to the body of the haulage block at both sides, and the roller supports comprise a bracket with a hydraulic jack of normal stabilisation and a spring shock absorber, and a carriage with rollers as capable of their movement in slots of the special profile of tails. Above the equipment compartment there is a block of a vaulted section with a hole for an air duct. In the centre of the vaulted section there is a pneumatic lift with a spinning device. Besides, the strut element comprises a beam and pneumatic cushions, arranged in the jacket on a support slab mounted on the stem of the pneumatic lift. And the support base comprises cross beams that extend towards bed rise and fall with extension jacks and hydraulic stands of a strut of double support extension.

EFFECT: development of a stable operable support for extraction of thick steep beds under conditions of extreme manifestation of mining pressure.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the coal industry, in particular to the field of mechanized fastening of mine workings during the extraction of coal from powerful and medium power steep seams.

The relevance of the invention: “... the creation of effective means of mechanization for coal mining from steep seams is a very difficult scientific and design problem, not only in Russia but also abroad.

To date, no effective technology and safe technology for mining steep formations has been created. Therefore, in many coal-mining countries, such layers are not practiced, but preserved.

The problem of creating integrated mechanization tools for mining steep formations remains relevant for the Kuzbass ”(from documents of the Department of Coal Industry and Energy of the Kuzbass, 2008). “The 21st century is the century of coal energy,” said Leontyev A.I., Academician of Heat Power Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences on February 14, 2011 on TV. That is why we - technori - are persistently inventing means of mechanization in the conditions of a destroyed industry, the closure of mines and the absence of the Ministry of Coal Industry. We believe that destroyers will be replaced by rulers - creators.

Powerful steep formations are traditionally worked out by sub-floor drifts - 7.68%, sectionless elastic shields and sectional rigid shields - 50-60% of production.

For excavation of powerful and medium power steep formations in conditions where it is impossible to use development systems with collapse, 53% in permanent pillars, under development surfaces and in areas under fires, development systems are used with laying out the developed space with inclined layers [1, 2]. The load for slaughter in powerful steep formations does not exceed 9-11 thousand tons per month, labor productivity of the worker is about 10 tons per shift (in the mining section), losses in the bowels are 40-45% [3].

The reason for the low efficiency of systems is the lack of mechanization of the main technological processes.

One of the areas of mechanization of technological processes for the extraction of steep powerful formations is the creation of mechanized supports based on the experience of creating mechanized supports for steep formations of medium power.

The features of the development of thick strata with pillars along strike along the roof collapse are as follows. The amount of coal removed is multiplied. This means that the framing of the main roof is reduced, which leads to large hangs of the roof, rapid dynamic manifestation of rock pressure and increased loads on the roof support.

An increase in the height of the lining and its metal consumption leads to an increase in the overturning moment and the tendency of the lining to creep.

In the mechanized roof supports proposed for the development of medium-sized steep formations, we are primarily interested in the elements of stabilization of the roof support - devices that prevent it from overturning, as well as elements that separate the functions of resistance and sliding support.

Mechanized supports are known (RU 2324820 C1, RU 2372483 C1), including basic and linear sections, each of which is mounted on roller bearings mounted to move inside the shanks of the base section. Disadvantage: the shank is inclined to be refilled through the slot in the upper wall, which prevents the movement of the roller bearings.

Mechanized support (RU 2398969) includes basic and linear sections. A distinctive feature is the presence of a flat frame with roller bearings on shock absorbers that can move inside the shanks of the base section. The second distinguishing feature is the use of the capsule as a protective element, on top of which there is an upper with a guide passed through the capsule arch, and the cylinder of the pneumatic hoist with a lock - sliding lock, passed through the center of the frame, the rod of which is bursting into the shoe, is rigidly connected by rods with frame. The third distinguishing feature is the use of elastic air bags as a spacer element mounted on a capsule under the top. In this lining, the separation of the resistance and sliding functions of the lining between the air cushions and the air lift is used, which will be used in our work as a prototype.

A fundamentally different layout of the support elements in the invention RU 2398970. The support includes linear and base sections. The bases of the front and rear walls of the base section are divided into three telescopically connected parts with the possibility of their sliding by correction jacks, while their middle parts are connected by a traverse, in the grooves of which are placed the roller bearings of the linear section.

The support of the section on one traverse is insufficient to stabilize the lining 5-6 m high. The placement of the roller support in the grooves of the traverse is very useful and will be taken into account in the future.

In the mechanized lining (RU 2403391) the above disadvantages are taken into account. The lining includes a base stand and linear sections. The base stav is divided into basic sections, each of which consists of a front and block walls with hydraulic pillars of a thrust and shanks connecting the front and block walls along the soil of the formation. Each linear section consists of a hydraulic stand with an upper and a base plate, which are mounted on movable supports attached to the capsule of the hardware compartment, and the bottom of the capsule is made with a thickening in the form of a shoe. The movable support consists of two lightweight disks, seated through bearings on an axis, between which there is a clamping bar with springs on top, which transfers forces to the same axis of the support through a bearing located under it.

Neither dust nor small pieces of rock can prevent the movement of such supports. However, to stabilize the lining on powerful layers of the clamping bar with springs will not be enough. There are no elements of the automatic restoration of the normal position of the lining sections. Undesirable and long heavy hydrostatic strut mounted on the capsule, which will significantly reduce the stability of the lining, increasing the height of the lining should, if possible, reduce the intensity of the lining.

Correction of the roof support is carried out with the help of jacks in the adjacent sections, which is ineffective and sometimes unacceptable.

Known mechanized support for steep formations of medium power and powerful up to 5-6 m (RU 2412355), which consists of the same type of interchangeable linear sections. The first difference is the lack of basic elements. Another difference is that, as elements of movement and correction, it has rotary arches and brackets with sliding jacks inside them, which are kinematically connected with the hydraulic struts of the bottomhole head and, accordingly, with the hydraulic struts of the wall of the block fence, and when turning the brackets racks are fed upward in the uprising of the formation, bursting in a new place and pulling all other support elements to themselves. Such kinematics of the lining allows it to “walk” both along the strike and on the uprising of the formation.

This interesting “walking” stabilization mechanism is risky to offer for supports of powerful formations without testing in real conditions. However, the future, apparently, lies with these "walking" and "arachnid" monsters - robotic intellectual devices. We should not transfer the most “advanced” developments to the new conditions, but we must evolutionarily go through a part of the already covered path of creating supports for medium-power formations with their constructive adaptation for powerful formations. Therefore, we take roof supports RU 2398969 C1, RU 2403391 as a prototype. The issues of mounting roof support, its stability, fit into the formation hypsometry, mobility, roof maintenance and protection of the lava working space from the penetration of collapsed rocks when applied to mining powerful steep layers turn into big problems.

The principles for resolving these issues can be as follows: mounting the supports from large blocks using lock devices, separating the sliding and resistance functions between different devices, each section of the support should have the means of transportation, restoring stability and raising the rebellion without relying on neighboring sections.

The purpose of the invention is the creation of a stable, efficient mechanized lining for the development of steep formations with a capacity of up to 6 m long posts along strike along the collapse of the roof.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the capsules of the hardware compartment of durable lightweight polymers and metal stiffeners are mounted in 2-3 floors using lock joints; To increase the span of the lining, a pneumatic hoist with rigid locking devices is used; lightweight airbags are used to spread the lining; to ensure the stability of the lining sections, a support base is applied, pressed against the soil of the formation by hydraulic pillars, along which the lining sections are moved to the bottom on the roller supports with the help of a jack; corrective devices, consisting of sliding traverses with hydrostatic struts, are used to eliminate the sliding of the lining; to give the support sections a strictly normal position, the roller bearings are equipped with double-acting hydraulic jacks that operate according to the signals of the position sensors. The case of the hardware compartment in order to preserve electronic equipment is covered with a layer of porous rubber or polymer. The lining sections are connected by a human walker. The working compartments of the lining and the human walker are ventilated with fresh air with high pressure, which prevents the penetration of dust into the working space of the lava. Thus, a new direction of designing supports for powerful layers is planned - block multi-storey sections.

Mechanized support is proposed for steep formations of medium power and powerful up to 5-6 m, consisting of a support base, including bottomhole and blockage beams with fences and struts, interconnected by shanks from a special profile, and linear sections, each of which has an upper, shoe , a hardware compartment, as well as elements of a thrust, movement and correction, characterized in that the hardware compartment consists of two capsules with a hatch and a human walker, a technological hatch and windows for supplying a laser or ultrasonic device to Aba between a capsule mounted locking devices, while the messages are climbing.

Under the hardware compartment is a block of movement and stabilization, including a housing, the bottom of which has a thickening in the form of a shoe. On both sides of the sliding block body are mounted roller bearings, which consist of a bracket with a normal stabilization hydraulic jack and a spring shock absorber, carriages with rollers with the possibility of moving them in the grooves of the special profile of the shanks. Above the hardware compartment is a block of the vaulted section with an opening for the air duct. In the center of the vaulted section, a pneumatic hoist with a corkscrew device is installed, which performs the function of sliding the lining. The presence of normal stabilization jacks on the sides of the linear section makes it possible to compensate for any deviation of the lining section from the position perpendicular to the formation by the signals of the position sensor.

Another difference is that the spacer element, consisting of the upper and air bags located in the casing on the base plate, is mounted on the air lift rod, which allows you to change the height of the lining depending on the formation hypsometry.

The third difference is that the support base has traverses that extend to the side of the uprising and fall of the formation, with extension jacks and double-extension hydraulic pillars that allow you to adjust the position of the lining when it crawls.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the lining section, figure 2 is a side view of the lining with a local cut, figure 3 is a view of the lining from above with a cut.

The linear section is a set of blocks and consists of two capsules 7, 8 of the hardware compartment with a hatch and a walker 9, a technological hatch 10 and windows 30 for supplying a laser or ultrasonic device to the face. The capsules are attached to each other by locking devices 20, and for communication they have a hole 11. Under the hardware compartment there is a block of movement and stabilization 12, which includes a housing whose bottom has a thickening in the form of a shoe 17. Roller bearings, which consist of bracket with a hydraulic jack 18 of normal stabilization and a spring shock absorber 14, carriage 15 with rollers with the ability to move them in the grooves of the special profile of the shanks 16. Above the hardware compartment there is a vaulted section 5 with a hole for I air duct 6. In the center section 5 is set pneumolift 19 with snap device 20, which serves as the sliding lining. The elements of the expansion are: the upper 1, air bags 2, located in the casing 4 on the base plate 3. The element of the expansion is mounted on the rod of the pneumatic lift 19, which allows you to change the height of the lining depending on the formation hypsometry.

The support base consists of a bottomhole beam 32, inside of which there are traverses 26 extending towards the side of rising and falling of the formation with extension jacks 33, 34 and hydraulic racks of the double extension strut 27. A downhole fence 29 and a manipulator 28 are mounted on the bottomhole beam to control the coal destruction organ using a high-pressure water jet. On the side of the block, there is a beam 31 on which a pavilion type fence 23 is mounted, hydraulic stands 24, retractable traverses 25 with jacks 33. The hydraulic stands 24, 27 are intended only to keep the support base from sliding, therefore they have a small diameter, and therefore weight.

The bottomhole beam 32 and the block beam 31 are interconnected by shanks 16 of a special profile, in the grooves of which the rollers of the movable support move. The linear section and the support base are interconnected by a sliding jack 22 and roller bearings 15, 18.

The work is as follows.

The extraction cycle begins with the destruction of coal in a physical way: the subsoil layer is destroyed by a high-pressure water jet, while the manipulator 28 controls the movement of the hydrant stream. The subsequent coal layers weakened by a slit are destroyed by a laser or ultrasonic device, which extends toward the bottom from capsules 7, 8 through windows 30. Coal delivery on lava at a steep fall is carried out by gravity.

As coal is mined, the base section with support (if stability of the lateral rocks allows) is supplied to the bottom by a jack 22. In this case, the shanks 16 freely slide under the movable supports of the linear section, and the linear section carries the full load of the lateral rocks. Then the hydraulic struts of the support base are bursting, and the air bags of the thrust of the 2 linear sections are unloaded. At the same time, the shock absorbers 14 raise the linear section together with the shoe 5, transferring its weight to the movable supports, and the linear section is pulled by the jack 22 to the downhole fence 29, almost moving along the shanks 16 of the support base. In order to eliminate the loss of stability of the linear section of the lining and its inclination towards the fall side, jacks 18 are installed on the roller bearings, which, according to the signals of the position sensors, keep the sections in a strictly normal position to the formation. In a new place, the linear section is bursting with air bags 2 in the side rocks. In this case, the air lift 19, if necessary, can change the height of the lining by changing the extension of its rod. When making the optimal decision, the extension of the lining is rigidly fixed with the corkscrew device 20, and the air bags 2 create the initial spacer. When the nominal resistance is reached, the airbag compliance valves are triggered, and when the pillows 2 are completely crushed, the backing compliance must be carried out with corkscrew devices 20 by slipping the air lift rod.

If it is necessary to correct the support, as a result of its sliding or changing the length of the lava due to kinks and fluctuations in the angle of incidence of the formation, the support structure allows the sections to move along the uprising of the formation in turn, starting from the top.

The process begins with a short-term unloading of the hydraulic struts 24, 27 from the side of the uprising, extension of the traverse 26 and the expansion of the hydraulic struts in a new place. Then the linear section is briefly unloaded and the jacks 33, 34 together with the support base are fed through the uprising of the formation. After the expansion of the linear section at the new place, the hydraulic stands 24, 27 are unloaded by the dip of the formation and the hydraulic jacks 33, 34 with traverses 25, 26 are pulled to the support base and again burst.

A similar process is repeated with all sections from the top to the bottom of the lava. When changing the length of the lava, the reverse process is possible - lowering the lining sections, starting from the lowest.

The technical and economic benefits of the implementation of this invention are obvious: due to the lack of workable supports, huge coal reserves in steep seams are preserved. So, under the city of Prokopyevsk there are layers of coking coal with a thickness of up to 30 m.

Information sources

1. Improving the development of coal seams of the Prokopyevsk-Kiselevsky field of the Kuzbass. Collection of works. Prokopyevsk, 1972.

2. Khorin V.N. Development of technology for underground mining of coal, potash and manganese ores. M .: Nedra, 1985, p. 148-167.

3. Orlov A.A. et al. Fastening and roof management in complex mechanized treatment faces. - M .: Nedra, 1993, p. 217-279.

4.K.A. Ardashev, A.A. Perfilov (VNIMI) A.M. Dolinsky (Giprouglemash). Test results for the AK unit. M., "Mining machines and automation", 3, 1972.

5. K.A. Ardashev, V.M. Shik, A.A. Perfilov. The study of interaction with the side rocks and the controllability of the AK unit on a steep formation. Leningrad, Transactions of VNIMI, sb. 85, 1972.

Claims (3)

1. Mechanized support for steep formations of medium power and powerful up to 5-6 m, consisting of a support base, including bottomhole and blockage beams with fences and struts, interconnected by shanks from a special profile, and linear sections, each of which has an upper section, shoe, hardware compartment, as well as elements of pressure, movement and correction, characterized in that the hardware compartment consists of two capsules with a hatch and a human walker, a technological hatch and windows for supplying a laser or ultrasonic device to the face, between the capsules are fixed by locking devices, and for communication they have manholes, under the hardware compartment there is a movement and stabilization unit, the bottom of the case of which has a shoe-shaped thickening, roller supports are mounted directly to the case of the movement unit on both sides, which consist of a bracket with a normal stabilization jack and a spring shock absorber, carriages with rollers with the ability to move them in the grooves of the special profile of the shanks, above the hardware compartment there is a vaulted section block with an opening for air the wire, in the center of the vaulted section a pneumatic hoist with a corkscrew is installed. 2. Mechanized lining according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacer element, consisting of the upper and air bags located in the casing on the base plate, is mounted on the rod of the air lift, which allows you to change the height of the lining depending on the formation hypsometry. 3. The mechanized roof support according to claim 1, characterized in that the support base has traverses that extend to the side of the uprising and falling of the formation with extension jacks and double-span hydraulic struts that allow you to adjust the position of the support during its sliding and deviation from the position perpendicular to the formation.

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