RU2507729C1 - Inter-row cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery industry, in particular, to devices for inter-row cultivation of cultivated crops. The inter-row cultivator comprises a transverse beam, support wheels, parallelogram sections, plough beams and working elements. The plough beam comprises a gauge wheel, guide brackets and holders. The holders are mounted on the guide brackets at an equal distance from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the plough beam with the ability of regulation of this distance. The working elements are mounted in the holders and contain a rack, an A-hoe and a bracket. The bracket is mounted on the rack. On the bracket the adjusting disc with the axis is rigidly fixed. Under the adjusting disc an additional disc is mounted with the ability of rotation about its axis. Under the additional disc an additional bracket is rigidly fixed with the semi-axis and the mouldboard. The mouldboard is made flat and forms an acute angle between its flat side and the direction of motion of the inter-row cultivator. The mouldboard is mounted on the semi-axis on the inner side of the A-hoe wing. The working elements are located in the holders with the ability of adjusting the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the A-hoes and the lower point of the gauge wheel. Behind the working elements a rotary harrow is mounted. The rotary harrow comprises an axis, side discs and T-shaped rippers. The T-shaped rippers are rigidly mounted to the outer surface of the side discs with the equal angular pitch.

EFFECT: embodiment of the inter-row cultivator enables to improve the quality of inter-row cultivation of cultivated crops.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for inter-row cultivation of row crops.

Known row cultivator [row cultivator. Patent RU No. 19441. - Publ. September 10, 2001], including supporting wheels and a transverse beam bearing parallelogram sections. Parallelogram sections include upper and lower rods, ridges with sequentially mounted working bodies and spherical disks. The upper links are based on spherical discs.

However, the known device has a disadvantage, which can be attributed to the unsatisfactory quality of inter-row cultivation of row crops, as well as exposure of the upper soil layer after the passage of lancet paws, resulting in cracks on the soil surface.

The purpose of the invention is improving the quality of inter-row cultivation of row crops.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the beds contains a gauge wheel, guide brackets and holders. The holders are installed in the guide brackets at an equal distance from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the ridge with the possibility of adjusting this distance. The working bodies are installed in holders. The working bodies contain a rack, lancet paw and bracket. The bracket is mounted on a rack. An adjustment disk with an axis is rigidly fixed to the bracket. An additional disk is mounted under the adjusting disk with the possibility of rotation around its axis. An additional bracket with a half shaft and a blade is rigidly fixed under the additional disk. The blade is flat and forms an acute angle between its flat side and the direction of movement of the cultivating cultivator. The blade is installed on the half shaft from the inside of the wing of the lancet paw. The working bodies are installed in the holders with the ability to adjust the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the lancet paws and the lower point of the copy wheel. A rotary harrow is installed behind the working bodies. The rotary harrow contains an axle, side discs and T-shaped cultivators. T-shaped rippers are rigidly fixed to the outer surface of the side discs with equal angular pitch.

Figure 1 shows a cultivating cultivator, side view, figure 2 is the same, top view, figure 3 is a working body, side view, figure 4 is the same, top view, figure 5 is a cross section working body along the line aa, figure 6 is a view of b, figure 7 is a cross section of a rotary harrow along the line bb.

The cultivating cultivator contains a transverse beam 1, support wheels 2, parallelogram sections 3, beds 4 and working bodies 5.

The bed 4 comprises a copy wheel 6, the guide brackets 7 and the holders 8. The holders 8 are mounted in the guide brackets 7 at an equal distance from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bed 4 with the possibility of adjusting this distance. The required distance between the working bodies 5 is established by moving the holders 8 along the guide brackets 7 in different directions from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the ridge 4 and fix in the required position by bolts 9, screwed into the threaded holes of the holders 8.

The working bodies 5 are installed in the holders 8 and contain a stand 10, a knife-shaped stand 11, a lancet paw 12. A bracket 13 is mounted on the stand 10. An adjustment disk 14 with an axis 15 is fixedly fixed to the bracket 13. Under the adjustment disk 14, it is mounted with a possibility of rotation about its axis additional disk 16. The adjustment disk 14 and the additional disk 16 have holes 17 located on the periphery at the same distance from their center. An additional bracket 18 is rigidly fixed under the additional disk 16 with an axle shaft 19 and a blade 20. The axle shaft 19 is rigidly fixed on an additional bracket 18. A cylindrical housing 21 with a bearing 22 is fixed on the blade 20. The blade 20 is made flat and is mounted on the axle shaft 19 with an internal shaft 22 side of the wing of the lancet paw 12 with the possibility of rotation around its axis and changing the installation angle to the direction of movement. The blade 20 forms an acute angle between its flat side and the direction of movement of the cultivating cultivator. The required blade angle 20 is set by rotating the additional disk 16 together with the additional bracket 18 and the axle shaft 19 about the axis 15 of the adjusting disk 14 and is fixed in the required position by a bolt 23 inserted into one of the holes 17.

The working bodies 5 are installed in the holders 8 with the ability to adjust the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the lancet paws 12 and the lower point of the copy wheel 6.

A rotary harrow 26 is mounted on the cultivating cultivator section behind the working elements 5 in the holder 24 by means of the coupling 25. The rotary harrow 26 contains an axis 27, side disks 28 and T-shaped cultivators 29. Side disks 28 are located along the edges of the axis 27. T-shaped cultivators 29 rigidly fixed to the outer surface of the side discs 28 with equal angular pitch.

Row cultivator works as follows.

The necessary distance between the working bodies 5 is established, depending on the first or second row-spacing processing to regulate the width of the protective zone of the row of plants, for which the holders 8 are moved along the guide brackets 7 in different directions from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bed 4 and fixed in the required position by a bolt 9. Set the depth of the lancet paws 12, for which the racks 10 in the holders 8 are moved and fixed with bolts 30, and the angle of attack of the dumps 20 to the direction of movement of the cultivator depending on the height of the plants.

When moving a cultivator with recessed working bodies, lancet paws 12 loosen the soil and cut weeds. Dumps 20, installed at an acute angle to the direction of movement of the cultivating cultivator, shift the topsoil from the row-spacing surface to the protective zones of plant rows, sprinkling uncultivated weed plants, suppressing their seedlings, while cultivating crops. The thickness of the powder layers of the soil depends on the height of cultivated and weed plants and is 2 ... 4 cm in the first row-spacing treatment, and 6 ... 8 cm in the second one.

Rotating harrow 26, which rotates behind the working bodies 5, loosens the topsoil with T-cultivators 29 after the lancet paws 12 pass. After the rotary harrow 26 has passed, the topsoil has a loose structure, which prevents moisture evaporation and cracking on the soil surface.

The presence of the guide brackets 7 allows the holders 8 to be moved along them in different directions from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the row 3 to control the width of the protective zone of the row of plants and, accordingly, the necessary distance between the working bodies 5, depending on the first or second row-spacing.

The implementation of the blade 20 flat and installing it from the inside of the lancet paw 12 allows you to shift the soil into the protective zone of the row of cultivated crops without its turnover.

The holes 17 on the periphery of the adjusting 14 and the additional 16 discs allow you to adjust the angle of the blade 20 relative to the direction of movement of the cultivator, as well as to set the blade 20 on the right or left side of the stand 10, to adjust the distance of the soil discarding, ensuring that the weeds fall asleep in the protective zone of cultivated plants with a soil layer given thickness.

Sprinkling of weed plants in the protective zones of cultivated crops allows them to be suppressed, and the hilling of cultivated plants contributes to the formation of subordinate roots in them. At the same time, a soil layer 2 ... 4 cm thick allows you to fill in seedlings of weeds, preventing their germination, without damage to cultivated plants. In the second inter-row cultivation, a soil layer with a thickness of 6 ... 8 cm also allows you to fill in seedlings of weeds without damage to cultivated plants, while hilling cultivated plants, and create conditions for the development of subordinate roots of cultivated plants in it.

The installation of the working bodies 5 in the holders 8 with the ability to adjust the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the lancet paws 12 and the lower point of the copying wheel 6 allows you to adjust the depth of loosening of the soil depending on the first or second row cultivation.

The presence of a rotary harrow 26, containing the axis 27, side discs 28 and T-shaped cultivators 29, allows loosening the top layer of soil after the passage of lancet paws 12 and, ultimately, preventing the evaporation of moisture from the soil and the formation of cracks in the top soil layer.

By improving the quality of inter-row cultivation of row crops, by creating favorable temperature, water and air conditions for fast and friendly germination of seeds, the yield of cultivated crops is increased.

Claims (1)

A cultivating cultivator, including a transverse beam, supporting wheels, parallelogram sections, ridges and working bodies, characterized in that the ridges contains a gauge wheel, guide brackets and holders, holders are installed in the guide brackets at an equal distance from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bed with the possibility of adjusting this distance , the working bodies are installed in the holders and contain the rack, lancet paw and bracket, the bracket is mounted on the rack, the adjustment disc is rigidly fixed to the bracket with an axis, an additional disk is mounted under the adjustment disk with the possibility of rotation around its axis, an additional bracket with a half shaft and a blade is rigidly fixed under the additional disk, the blade is flat and forms an acute angle between its flat side and the direction of movement of the cultivating cultivator, the blade is mounted on the half shaft with the inner side of the wing of the lancet paw, the working bodies are installed in the holders with the ability to adjust the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the lancet paws and the lower point gauge wheel for working bodies mounted rotary harrows, rotary harrows comprises a shaft, side wheels and T-rippers, wherein the T-shaped rippers are rigidly fixed on the outer surface of the side discs with an equal angular pitch.

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