RU2502872C1 - Development method of thick steeply dipping ore bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method involves development and temporary workings, sublevel development of ore body in downward direction with rhomb-shaped chambers; with that, development of chambers as to height is performed at three stages. Upper part of the chamber is developed with combine ore crushing, an entry way of rectangular shape with preparation of the chamber roof in the form of an arch, the next underlying layer up to lower border of adjacent stowed chambers is crushed using shrinkage stoping with downholes, thus forming an ore cushion above the non-crushed part of the chamber. Lower half of the chamber, which is adjacent to ore massif, is crushed in sections, by blasting of fans of wells drilled out of the underlying drilling and delivery cross drift. After blasting of each section, partial end ore drawing is performed to the drilling and delivery cross drift with self-propelled bucket loading and transportation machines, which results in loosening of bottom-hole zone. After complete crushing of the chamber reserves, final drawing of crushed ore is performed through the drilling and delivery cross drift using self-propelled loading and transportation machines with remote control. After ore drawing is completed, the chamber is stowed.

EFFECT: improving efficiency of underground development; reducing seismic and dynamic action of explosive charges on stowing massif; reducing losses and dilution.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in underground mining of deposits, represented by powerful steeply falling ore bodies with unstable host rocks, followed by the laying of the worked out space with hardening mixtures.

A known method of developing descending layers with a tab (Imenitov VR Processes of underground mining in the development of ore deposits. Textbook for universities, 3rd ed., Revised and additional M., Nedra, 1984, 504 pp.) for the extraction of unstable valuable ores and, if necessary, the maintenance of the earth's surface. They work out the layer with passages that pass from the unit vectors (drifts), cut along the boundaries of the block. The height of the first layer is 3-3.5 m, the next layers are from 3-3.5 to 7-8 m. The width of the entries is from 3.5-4 to 8-10 m, depending on the stability of the filling array. Slope of the entries 3-100 - must exceed the spreading angle of the filling mixture. The length of the calls is up to 50-70 m for the delivery of ore by pneumatic PDM and up to 90 m when using diesel PDM. The height of the floor is 50-60 m. Entrances are carried out with the rise, and laid on the opposite side, i.e. downhill, which ensures filling them with a mixture under the roof. They beat the ore with bore holes. For drilling and ore delivery, mainly self-propelled equipment is used. The filling mixture is fed through wells drilled from the ventilation-filling horizon through the filling array.

The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency due to the low productivity of breaking, and the fact that mining is a dead end, complicates the ventilation of the face and the organization of work, reduces the safety of treatment work.

There is also a known development method (Rylnikova MV, Ainbinder II, Kramskov NP, Pismenny AV Solution of geotechnological problems at certain stages of development of kimberlite deposits in Yakutia. Mining Journal, 2011, No. 1. P. 55 -58.) In descending layers with the laying of the chamber-whole system, in which the treatment inlets are divided in height into two layers, worked out sequentially using a combine recess. The ore body is vertically divided into sections 27 m high, each of which includes 6 layers 4-4.75 m high. The treatment plantings can be increased up to 8-12 m and width up to 6-8 m.

The disadvantage of the technology is the low productivity of the face, limited by the performance of the combine, the complexity of the preparatory and rifling operations.

A known method of developing powerful steeply falling ore bodies (copyright certificate SU No. 1580008, E21C 41/22, 1990). The method is as follows: pass delivery, rising and final workings, carry out drilling and blasting of wells, form workings of the bottom. The extraction of ore is carried out in layers across the strike of the ore body. Mining of the ore body is carried out from top to bottom with multifaceted blocks with horizontal displacement by half the block width, and vertically by one third of the block height. Each block is worked out by a diamond-shaped chamber with the inclination of all diamond-shaped walls to a horizontal plane at an angle of movement of the hardening mixture. When the bottom is formed, preliminary slit formation is carried out along the perimeter of the exhaust workings by blasting the garlands of charges in the fans of the wells, ore breaking in the chambers is carried out by short-delayed blasting from the bottom up. After the ore is released, the worked-out space is filled with a hardening mixture. At the same time in the upper part of the chambers simultaneously with the flow of the mixture serves waste rock. The upper part of the blocks is formed between adjacent embedded blocks, and the lower part is formed in the ore mass. The beaten ore is released and delivered through transport workings.

The main disadvantages of this method is the high complexity of the work.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a method of developing steeply dipping and inclined deposits of small and medium power (Patent RU No. 2322583, E21C 41/22, 2008), in which the floors are divided into staggered cameras on each lower floor with an offset of half the width of the camera compared to the top. The preparation of each floor and sub-floor is carried out by driving a field drift, from which races and orts pass to the hanging side of the deposit. Rising from the unit vectors of the floor pass, which are carved into cutting slits. Borehole breaking of stocks of chambers leads to an open treatment space. The floors are divided into chambers without leaving inter-chamber pillars, and the chambers are shaped into an elongated hexagon. From the unit vectors of the floor, a continuous excavation of the ceilings is made, which is then filled with a bookmark. To break off the stocks of the chamber, ore floor and floor deck drifts are carried out at the lying side. From the ore sub-floor drift, races pass between the chambers, from the drift drills, fans are drilled and the floor reserves are blown up, and ore is extracted from each chamber to a cutting slot through the ends of the races on the floor and the sub-floor.

The disadvantage of this method is the large volume of well drilling and a significant length of wells in the chamber, which affects the accuracy of drilling, as well as significant seismic and dynamic loads on the filling array during the explosion, which leads to the destruction of the filling array and to increased losses and dilution of ore.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of underground mining of powerful deposits of valuable ores by combining drilling and blasting and combine blasting and reducing the seismic and dynamic effects of explosive charges on the filling array, ensuring its stability due to the combine blasting of the upper layer. This allows to reduce losses and dilution due to the combine and small-hole breakdown of ore reserves adjacent to the backfill array and to increase production productivity due to borehole breaking of the underlying reserves and ore production using self-propelled equipment with remote control.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method, including the preparation and cutting workings, subterranean mining of the ore body from top to bottom with diamond-shaped chambers, when mining the chamber by height in stages, and the ore is released, the upper part of the chamber is worked out with a combine ore breaking, triangular setting with the design of the roof of the chamber in the form of a set of natural equilibrium with a bookmark tack and the simultaneous extraction of ore fines remaining on the soil of the overlying under-floor unit, the underlying layer, to the bottom the first boundary of adjacent embedded chambers, beat off using fine-hole blasting with downhole bores, the lower half of the chamber adjacent to the ore mass is beaten in sections, by blowing fans of wells drilled from the underlying drill-delivery unit, and the final release of broken ore is carried out after a complete breakdown of the chamber stocks with the use of self-propelled loaders with remote control

Moreover, the broken ore of the second (underlying) layer forms an ore cushion over the unbroken part of the chamber, which serves to prevent pieces from scattering and reduce seismic and dynamic loads on the filling array during borehole breaking of the lower half of the chamber adjacent to the ore mass.

And after the explosion of each section of the lower half of the chamber adjacent to the ore massif, a partial end release of ore into the drill-delivery unit is performed.

The invention is presented in the drawings:

Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the ore body along strike with a diagram of the placement of chambers, illustrating the sequence of their mining;

figure 2 - section aa in figure 1 at the time of mining the top layer;

figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1 at the time of breaking the second layer and the formation of the ore cushion;

figure 4 - section bb in figure 1 at the time of breaking and partial release of ore in the lower part of the chamber;

figure 5 is a section GG in figure 1 illustrating a layout of equipment in the process of shipment of broken ore and cleaning of the treatment space using self-propelled vehicles with remote control;

6 is a cross section of the upper entry with the layout of the equipment during the combine blasting and the formation of the arch of natural equilibrium, as well as the location of the holes and boreholes when breaking the underlying part of the chamber.

The proposed method is implemented as follows.

The preparation consists in carrying out workings of the haul-off horizon, spiral exits for the movement of self-propelled equipment between subfloors, sinking of ore passes for passing ore from the subfloors to the haul-off horizon and ventilation risers. The floor height is 100 m, the sub-floor height is 18 m, the horizontal distance between the sub-floor loading orts is 10 m.

Rifled work includes holding races in the chamber 1 (Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5) from sub-floor drifts 2 (Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5), sub-floor boring shunts 3 (Fig. 1, 2, 6) .

Sub-floor mining of the ore body is made from top to bottom by diamond-shaped chambers (Fig.6) as follows. The upper entry I (Fig. 6) is worked out by a tunneling machine of selective action, for example, type KP-21 4 (Figs. 1, 2, 6), the entry is given a triangular shape, and the roof of the chamber is designed as a set of stable equilibrium, with the tab laying along the contour the soil of the overlying boring delivery unit 5 (Figs. 1, 6), which makes it possible to extract residues of ore fines accumulated on the soil of the boring delivery unit floor unit when the ore is released from the overlying chamber. The broken ore is removed and transported to the ore launch by a loading and delivery machine, for example, of the TORO-400 6 type (Fig. 2). After a complete working out of the upper entry, it is malfunctioned with the opposite sub-floor drift, which ensures through ventilation of the chamber due to a general jet of air.

Then, at the chamber boundary, from the underlying boring delivery unit 7 (Fig. 3) to the upper entry, a cutting insurrection is made and a cutting slot 8 (Fig. 3) is formed along the border of the ore-rock contact. After that, the blasting of the next underlying layer II (Fig. 6) to the lower boundary of adjacent embedded chambers begins using fine-blasting using downhole boreholes or small-diameter wells 9 (Figs. 1, 3, 6). Drilling holes 5 m deep is carried out by a self-propelled drilling rig, for example, “Boomer” H282C ”10 (Fig. 3), while the holes in the row are drilled parallel to the ore-tab contact at a distance of 3-5 diameters of the holes or wells. Blasting is carried out by short-delayed blasting of parallel rows of holes or small-diameter wells. When breaking the second layer in the chamber, an ore cushion 11 (Figs. 1, 3, 4) is formed over the unbroken part of the chamber, which will prevent pieces from scattering and reduce seismic and dynamic loads on the backfill array when breaking the underlying part of the chamber. As the blasting of the second layer with a lag equal to the height of the beaten section begins, blasting of the lower half of chamber III (Fig.6) adjacent to the ore mass. The breakdown is performed in sections, by blowing fans of wells 12 (Fig. 1, 3, 6) drilled from the underlying boring delivery unit 7 (Fig. 3). For drilling wells used self-propelled drilling rig, for example Simba H157 13 (figure 3). Fans are drilled at a distance from each other along the line of least resistance with a gap to the upper boundary of the section equal to 1 hp After the explosion of each section consisting of 4-5 fans, the ore is partially face-blown into the wood delivery unit by self-propelled bucket loading and delivery machines 14 (Fig. 4), which creates loosening in the bottomhole zone for subsequent explosions.

After a complete breakdown of the stocks of the chamber, the final release of the beaten ore is made through a drill-and-delivery unit using self-propelled loading and delivery machines with remote control 15 (Fig. 5). After the release of ore in the sub-floor orts at the borders of the chamber, jumpers are erected, and the chamber is laid with a hardening cast bookmark 16 (Fig. 1). The bookmark in the chamber is fed through wells drilled from overlying subfloors. For a more complete filling of the chamber with filling mixture, all rifled and treatment workings in the chamber are formed with a general slope of 3-5 °. The testing of adjacent chambers with the enclosed space is carried out after a set of standard strength is set.

Claims (3)

1. A method of developing powerful steep-dipping ore bodies, including carrying out preparatory and rifting workings, subterranean mining of the ore body from top to bottom with diamond shaped cameras when mining the chamber in height by stages and ore production, characterized in that the upper part of the chamber is worked out with a combine ore breaking, setting triangular in shape with the design of the roof of the chamber in the form of a set of natural equilibrium with a bookmark grab and the simultaneous extraction of ore fines left over from the overlying basement unit, n the underlying layer to the lower boundary of adjacent embedded chambers is beaten using fine-hole breaking with downhole holes, the lower half of the chamber adjacent to the ore mass is beaten in sections, by blowing fans of wells drilled from the underlying boring delivery unit, and the final release of the beaten ore is carried out after the chamber is completely broken off the use of self-propelled loading and delivery machines with remote control. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the beaten ore of the second underlying layer forms an ore cushion over the not beaten part of the chamber, which serves to prevent the pieces from expanding and reduce seismic and dynamic loads on the backfill array during borehole breaking of the lower half of the chamber adjacent to ore mass. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the explosion of each section of the lower half of the chamber adjacent to the ore mass, a partial face release of ore is made into a boring delivery unit.

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