RU2598833C1 - Method of producing single-type bast fibre - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to primary processing bast-fibre crops in order to obtain a single-type bast fibre as a raw material for textile industry and can be used in processing bast-fibre crops both in rolls and in square or rectangular piles. It is implemented by that in the proposed method of producing a single-type bast fibre, which involves feeding the material into the processing zone under the action of an air flow with creation of the material vibration therein and reduction of forces of interaction of stems, their sections, fibrous strands, destruction of the stems structure and separating chaff from fibers, separation of bast fibres and the chaff in two steps. At the first step the chaff-and-fibre mass is enriched owing to removing the chaff based on differences of aerodynamic properties of bast fibre and the chaff at interaction with an air jet, bast crops in a roll are subjected to cutting into rectangular portions, their regular feeding, pressing and stapling by cutting the chaff-and-fibre mixture in them before separating the fibres and the chaff, crushing and tillage.

EFFECT: technical result is reduction of the chaff and foreign impurities weight ratio in the obtained single-type bast fibre, higher efficiency of processing, production of a single-type bast fibre with adjustable in a wide range length.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of primary processing of bast crops in order to obtain the same type of bast fiber as a raw material for the textile industry and can be used in the processing of bast crops, both in rolls and in square or rectangular bales.

A known method of producing bast fiber from low-grade flax trusts (Pavlovsky EI Disintegrator for separating bonfires from scuffing waste / EP Pavlovsky, SK Mindovsky // Flax business. - 1998. - S. 38-40), including operations of crushing in the milling machine, sliding bending, shock, inertial effects in the disintegrator and cleaning the bast fiber from the fire in two shaking machines with a lower combed field.

The disadvantages of the known method for producing bast fiber are low productivity and the efficiency of cleaning bast fiber from bonfire and impurities in the processing of hard-working bast crops, for example, short-lived flax trusts and low-grade trusts, as well as straw, oil flax trusts and tangled mass after combine threshing . In addition, the known method does not allow you to change the length of the obtained fibers in a wide range.

A known method of producing bast fiber (Pat. RF No. 2506353, CL. D01B 1/00, 2012, prototype), comprising feeding the material into the processing zone under the influence of air flow with the creation of vibration of the material in it and reducing the forces of interaction of the stems, their sections, fibrous strands, the destruction of the structure of the stems and the separation of the bonfire from the fiber due to the intense sliding bend-fracture, the subsequent separation of the bast fibers and the bonfire in two stages, in the first, from which the bonfire is enriched by removing the bonfire Based on the differences in aerodynamic properties of bast fibers and a bonfire when interacting with a stream of air.

The disadvantages of this method are similar to the disadvantages of the previous known method.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method for producing the same type of bast fiber from various bast cultures with high productivity, cleaning ability and the ability to change the length of bast fibers in a wide range.

The technical result from the solution of this problem is to reduce the mass fraction of bonfires and impurities in the obtained bast fiber of the same type, to increase processing productivity, to obtain the bast fiber of the same type with adjustable length over a wide range.

The objective of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method for producing the same type of bast fiber, which includes supplying material to the treatment zone under the influence of an air stream with creating vibration of the material in it and reducing the forces of interaction of the stems, their sections, fibrous strands, destroying the structure of the stems and separating the fire from fiber, the separation of bast fibers and bonfires in two stages, the first of which enrichment of the bonfire mass by removing the bonfire, based on differences in aerodynamic FIR properties of bast fibers and fires when interacting air jet, bast culture in a roll pass cutting process into rectangular portions of uniform power, and cutting the PROMIN by cutting kostrovoloknistoy mixture therein prior to separation of the fibers and campfires, crushing and loosening.

The use of the bast fiber of the same type at the beginning of sequentially cutting processes of rolls into rectangular portions, uniformly feeding them, squashing and stapling by cutting the resulting bonfiber mixture will increase the productivity of the method, reduce the mass fraction of bonfire, extraneous impurities and allow a wide variation in the length obtained the same type of bast fiber.

The claimed method for producing the same type of bast fiber is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a process flow diagram of a method for producing the same type of bast fiber and types of semi-finished products in separate operations, top view; in FIG. 2 - same, right view.

The method of obtaining the same type of bast fiber consists of the following operations:

- cutting roll 1 bast crops into rectangular portions 2;

- uniform supply of servings 2 by conveyor 3 to the prom;

- Promin servings 2 on the mulin rolls 4;

- stapling by cutting a bonfire mixture in portions 2 of the flat working body 5 and the supply of individual portions 2 for further processing through the duct 6;

- scuffing, crushing and loosening of the fiber by a sliding bend, shock and inertial effects in the disintegrator 7;

- preliminary separation of the fires from the fiber in the unloader 8;

- the final separation of the bulk of the bonfire from the fiber shaking machines 9.

A method of obtaining the same type of bast fiber is implemented as follows.

A roll of 1 or a bale of bast culture (flax flakes, flax straws, oil flax trusts or other bast crops) is manually or mechanically loaded into a roll cutter 1, in which the guillotine-type cutting mechanism cuts roll 1 into rectangular portions 2, which are defined and adjustable dimensions (length, thickness and height). The process of periodic cutting of rectangular portions 2 allows you to evenly feed the process of their promin using a horizontal conveyor 3 perpendicularly mounted to the cutter, onto which the cut rectangular portions are mechanically stacked with a certain step t 2. The laying step is regulated by the ratio of the speed of cutting of roll 1 in the cutter and the speed of the feed conveyor 3 , the productivity of the method is also regulated by the same speeds. Then, portions 2 are fed by conveyor 3 to the promin in the grinding rollers 4. As a result of the promin, the bond of fiber and wood is broken with the help of classic grinding rollers 4, which is necessary for the stapling process by cutting the bonfire mixture in portions 2 with a flat working body 5 and feeding individual servings 2 for further processing through the duct 6. As a result of stapling, the washed servings 2 of the bast culture are cut by transverse striking them with rotating two or one flat working bodies us 5 having sharpened sharp edges (knives). Such impacts cut the fiber in portions 2 to the desired length, the length is regulated in a wide interval due to changes in the speed of the grinding rollers 4 and the rotational speed of the working bodies 5. Then, the chopped bone-fibrous mass of bast culture by air flow through the duct 6 enters the friction, crushing and loosening of the fiber by a sliding bending, shock and inertial actions in the disintegrator 7 (Pavlovsky EI Disintegrator for separating bonfires from short flax fiber / EI Pavlovsky, V.G. Vnukov, S.K. Mindovsky, V.A. aramanov // Industrial crops, №3 -. 1990. - S. 40). The crushed and loosened bonfire mass after these operations, most effectively prepared for cleaning, under the action of the air flow from the disintegrator 7, is fed to the separation of bast fibers and fires, which is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, preliminary separation is carried out, based on the differences in the aerodynamic properties of the bast fibers and the bonfire when interacting with a stream of air in the unloader 8, at the second, the final separation of the bulk of the bonfire from the fiber due to multiple shaking effects in two or more shaking machines 9.

Thus, the use of the proposed method for producing the same type of bast fiber will increase the productivity of the method of producing the same type of bast fiber, the degree of its removal from the fire and change the length of the resulting fibers, since it uses cutting of a roll into rectangular portions, their uniform feeding into the process of bruising, stapling by cutting a bonfire mixture in portions and subsequent crushing and loosening. This combination of operations will ultimately lead to an improvement in the quality of the process of obtaining the same type of bast fiber.

Claims (1)

A method for producing bast fiber, including feeding material to the treatment zone under the influence of an air stream with creating vibration of the material in it and reducing the forces of interaction of the stems, their sections, fibrous strands, destroying the structure of the stems and separating the bonfire from the fiber, separating the bast fibers and the bonfires in two stages , the first of which is the enrichment of the bonfiber due to the removal of the fire, based on the differences in the aerodynamic properties of bast fibers and the fire when interacting with a jet of air ha, characterized in that the bast culture in a roll pass cutting process into rectangular portions of uniform power, and cutting the PROMIN by cutting kostrovoloknistoy mixture therein prior to separation of the fibers and campfires, crushing and loosening.

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