RU2595169C1 - Method of producing cobalt using oil shale - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to metallurgy, mainly to cobalt metallurgy. Method of producing cobalt involves preparation of charge by mixing cobalt-bearing material with oil shale as carbon containing reducer, which contains quartz sand, calcium and magnesium metals. At that, in preparing charge shale fraction from 2 mm to less than 125 mm is used. Charge is added with technical soda. Quartz sand and calcium and magnesium metals contained in oil shale, provide higher yield of cobalt due to reduction of slag viscosity.

EFFECT: technical result is increased extraction of cobalt and reducing material costs.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the metallurgical industry, mainly to the metallurgy of cobalt.

A known method of processing recycled materials and industrial wastes of metallurgical production (patent RU No. 2186132, published July 27, 2002), including drying, briquetting, sulphide reduction smelting with the introduction of elemental sulfur as a sulphiding reagent.

The disadvantage of this method is the two-stage melting process, briquetting and the high price of sulfidizing reagent.

A known method of producing cobalt by reductive melting of cobalt oxides (patent RU No. 2476614, publ. 02.27.2013), including melting a mixture of cobalt oxides and a carbon reducing agent, recovery and decarburization of cobalt after complete melting.

The disadvantage of this method is the multi-stage process, which leads to the complication of the reduction smelting.

A known method of processing copper-cobalt oxidized raw materials to produce blister copper and cobalt-based alloy (patent RU No. 2359047 C2, publ. - 06/20/2009), including drying, calcining of raw materials, loading the charge and smelting reduction in an electric furnace.

The disadvantage of this method is the preliminary drying and calcination of raw materials, the process of smelting reduction is carried out in two stages.

A known method of processing oxidized nickel ores to produce nickel and cobalt (patent No. RU 2078841, publ. 05/10/1997), including sulphide reduction sinter smelting, matte conversion, oxidative firing, reduction firing and reduction smelting.

The disadvantage of this method is the preliminary sulfide-reduction smelting and firing, which leads to an increase in material costs of the process.

A known method of processing recycled materials and industrial wastes of metallurgical production (patent RU No. 2263719, publ. 10.11.2005), adopted as a prototype, including drying, mixing with a sulfidizing reagent, carbon-containing reducing agent and silica sand to obtain a mixture containing calcium and magnesium, and its sulphide reduction smelting.

The disadvantage of this method is the conversion of cobalt to matte, the need for the addition of a sulfidizing reagent, silica sand, heavy non-ferrous metals, calcium and magnesium.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce material costs for the addition of quartz sand, calcium and magnesium when using shale processing waste — a combustible shale fraction from 2 mm to less than 125 mm — as a carbon-containing reducing agent, and to reduce the melting temperature by adding technical soda when treating cobalt from cobalt-containing materials.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that, as a carbon-containing reducing agent, oil shale is used with a fraction of 2 mm to less than 125 mm in a ratio of 19.0% to 39.0% of the total mass of cobalt in the charge, which contain quartz sand and metals - calcium and magnesium , and technical soda is added to the charge in relation to oil shale (0.8-1): 1.

The method of producing cobalt using oil shale is illustrated by the following figures:

FIG. 1 - the degree of cobalt extraction when using oil shale in the ratio of 20% to the total mass of cobalt in the charge;

FIG. 2 - the degree of extraction of cobalt when using oil shale in the ratio of 36% to the total mass of cobalt in the charge.

The method is as follows. For the manufacture of the charge, the cobalt-containing material is mixed with a carbon-containing reducing agent in relation to the total mass of cobalt in the charge from 19.0% to 39.0%, technical soda in relation to the carbon-containing reducing agent in the charge (from 0.8 to 1): 1. The resulting mixture is mixed, placed in a tank for reducing smelting and loaded into a tube furnace PT - 1.2-40 for conducting reducing smelting in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of from 1000 ° C to 1200 ° C for 40-60 minutes. After reduction melting, a vessel with the reduced metal is removed and the resulting metal is recovered.

Reducing the load of the reducing agent below 19.0% leads to a decrease in cobalt recovery.

Increasing the load of the reducing agent above 39.0% of the total mass of cobalt in the charge leads to an increase in material costs and an additional emission of gases - SO ₂ , H ₂ S, CO and CO ₂ into the atmosphere.

Technical soda is introduced into the charge in relation to oil shale (0.8-1): 1.

Reducing the loading of technical soda below 0.8: 1 in relation to oil shale leads to a decrease in cobalt extraction, an increase in the melting temperature of the charge and, as a consequence, to an increase in material costs.

Increasing the load of technical soda above 1: 1 in relation to oil shale leads to an increase in material costs and an additional emission of CO ₂ into the atmosphere.

After melting, a material is obtained containing in mass fractions: 60-75% cobalt and 5-10% cobalt silicates (Co ₂ SiO ₄ / CoSiO ₃ ). Cobalt recovery from 73% to 90% at a melting point of 900-1000 ° C (in the prototype method from 70% to 85% at a melting point of 1300-1400 ° C).

Example 1. Cobalt-containing material was mixed with oil shale fractions of less than 125 mm in a ratio of 20% to the total mass of cobalt and technical soda, in a ratio to oil shale of 0.8: 1. The mixture was melted in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of 1000 ° C for 50 minutes. The result is shown in FIG. one.

Example 2. In the mixture from example 1 was added oil shale to a ratio of 38% of the total mass of cobalt and technical soda to a ratio to oil shale of 1: 1. The mixture was melted in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of 900 ° C for 50 minutes. The result is shown in FIG. 2.

Claims (1)

A method of producing cobalt, comprising mixing a cobalt-containing material with a carbon-containing reducing agent to produce a charge and melting reduction, characterized in that as a carbon-containing reducing agent using oil shale fraction from 2 mm to less than 125 mm in a ratio of from 19.0% to 39.0% to the sum of the mass of cobalt in the mixture containing quartz sand and metals - calcium and magnesium, while technical soda is added to the mixture in relation to oil shale (0.8-1): 1.

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