RU2593450C1 - Magnetic support of composite type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to magnetic supports vertical rotors rotating devices, for example, rotors of gas centrifuges, energy accumulators, generators, gyros and similar devices. Vertical rotor magnetic support, located in device in form of hollow thin-wall vertical rotor installed in housing and resting on thrust bearing, comprises system of permanent magnets arranged coaxially with rotor. System of magnets comprises magnets fixed on fixed part of device, between which there is one or more magnets fixed on rotating part of device, and one or more ferromagnetic elements mounted on rotating part of device.

EFFECT: providing required load on lower support, which value does not depend on vertical movements of rotating part relative to fixed part with dynamic changes of rotor axial position, ensuring operating capacity of fast-rotating rotors during acceleration and operation, higher reliability and durability of rotors.

7 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, mainly to the magnetic supports of vertical rotors of rapidly rotating devices, for example, gas centrifuge rotors, energy storage devices, generators, gyroscopes and similar devices.

There is a wide variety of proposals for the construction of permanent magnetic poles. Magnetic bearings are multifunctional and can solve many problems, for example, unloading the lower support from axial load, providing non-contact radial rigid connection of the rotor with the fixed part, and the centering of the rotor relative to the housing.

Known magnetic support of the rotor, resting on a thrust bearing, containing a ferromagnetic sleeve fixed coaxially to the rotor on its upper cover, an annular axially magnetized magnet mounted in the housing above the sleeve coaxially with it, and a pole piece made in the form of a ring with a radial shelf at the end adjacent to the bottom of the magnet.

Germany patent No. 1071593, B04B 9/12, publ. 06/09/1960

This magnetic support provides the rotation of the rotor without mechanical contacts with the elements of the upper part of the housing, relieves the thrust bearing by the action of the axial force of attraction of the magnet and stabilizes the position of the axis of rotation of the rotor due to radial rigidity due to the action of a symmetric magnetic field. However, a change in the magnetic gap between the pole piece and the rotor sleeve leads to a significant change in the magnitude of the load on the lower support.

Also known is the magnetic support of the vertical rotor of a gas centrifuge, in which, in addition to the main magnet, an additional magnet mounted on the outer tube of the gas manifold, the force of which is directed against the direction of attraction of the main magnet, is used to strengthen the non-contact radial rigid connection with the fixed part.

Patent RU No. 2115481, IPC B04B 5/08, B04B 9/12, B01D 59/20, publ. 07/20/1998.

Such a magnetic support reinforces the transverse rigid connection, but has even greater sensitivity to axial movements of the support elements, and is also difficult to assemble.

The objective of this invention is to create a magnetic support, which can provide the required load on the lower support, the magnitude of which does not depend on the vertical movements of the rotating part relative to the stationary part with dynamic changes in the axial position of the rotor, ensuring the operability of rapidly rotating rotors during acceleration and operation, increasing reliability and longevity of work.

The problem is achieved in that in the magnetic support of the vertical rotor located in the device in the form of a hollow thin-walled vertical rotor installed in the housing and supported by a thrust bearing containing a system of permanent magnets mounted coaxially with the rotor, the magnet system contains magnets mounted on the fixed part of the device between which one or more magnets are mounted, mounted on a rotating part of the device, and one or more ferromagnetic elements, mounted on a rotating parts of the device.

In addition, the fixed part may be a collector on which one of the magnets is mounted above the vertical rotor, and the other in its cavity.

In addition, the magnets can be made circular.

In addition, the cross section of the magnets can be made rectangular.

In addition, the cross section of the magnets may be of arbitrary shape.

In addition, the magnets can be made of a material with high electrical conductivity.

In addition, several magnets are fixed on the fixed part of the device, between which several magnets are mounted, mounted on the rotating part.

In addition, the ferromagnetic element can carry additional functions of both mechanical properties and electrically conductive.

In addition, there may be several ferromagnetic elements.

In addition, the rotating part of the support can perform the functions of the fixed part of the support and vice versa, provided that the central symmetry of the magnetic field is maintained.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through a vertical rotor with a magnetic support.

FIG. 2 - the dependence of the load on the lower support f from the axial displacement z of the rotating part of the device relative to the fixed part at different ratios of the distances between the elements of the device.

The magnetic support of the vertical rotor is located in a device in which a hollow thin-walled vertical rotor 1 is mounted in a fixed housing 2 and is supported by a needle 3 on a thrust bearing 4 of the lower damper 5. A fixed collector 7 is mounted in the cover 6 of the housing 2 located in the cavity of a thin-walled vertical rotor 1, magnets 8 and 9 are mounted on the collector 7. A rotating magnet 10 and a ferromagnetic element 11 are mounted on the hollow thin-walled vertical rotor 1.

The magnetic support, which is a system of permanent magnets mounted coaxially with a hollow thin-walled vertical rotor 1, consists of permanent magnets 8 and 9, mounted on a fixed part of the device, between which a permanent magnet 10 and a ferromagnetic element 11 are mounted, mounted on a rotating part.

The mutual arrangement of magnets and ferromagnetic elements is selected (or calculated) so that the parameters of the magnetic support - the load on the lower support, and therefore the friction moment and the value of the contactless radial rigid coupling are optimal and obey the required law of change with dynamic changes in the axial position of the rotating part .

For example, the magnetic support is located inside the sealed enclosure 2 and is a system of permanent magnets mounted coaxially with a hollow thin-walled vertical rotor 1, in which between magnets 8 and 9 mounted on a fixed collector 7, one of which is installed above the thin-walled vertical rotor 1, and the other - in its cavity, a magnet 10 and a ferromagnetic element 11 are mounted on a vertical rotor 1.

Magnets can be made ring.

The cross section of the magnets can be made rectangular.

The cross section of the magnets may have an arbitrary shape representing various geometric shapes and their combinations.

Magnets can be made of highly conductive material.

The magnetic support may consist of several magnets mounted on a fixed part of the device, between which several magnets mounted on a rotating part, and several ferromagnetic elements.

A ferromagnetic element can carry additional functions - both of a mechanical property, for example, a mechanical contact damper, and of an electrically conductive, for example, electromechanical damper.

There may be several ferromagnetic elements.

The rotating part of the support can perform the functions of the stationary part of the support and vice versa, provided that the central symmetry of the magnetic field is maintained.

Magnetic support works as follows.

The hollow, thin-walled vertical rotor 1 supported by the needle 3 on the thrust bearing 4 is held in vertical position due to non-contact radial rigid coupling of the magnetic support elements, the non-contact radial rigid coupling being created due to the interaction of the axisymmetric magnetic field of magnets 8 and 9, and magnet 10 and the ferromagnetic element 11. this axial force of interaction of the magnets 8 and 9, the magnet 10 and the ferromagnetic element 11 partially unloads the thrust bearing 4 from the weight of the rotor, reducing friction in the support and wear of its elements. The total interaction force of the system of magnets and the magnet-ferromagnetic element system ensures that the load on the lower support is independent of the vertical movements of the support elements or the required load change law.

On the characteristic curve of the dependence of the load on the lower support f on the axial displacement z of the rotating part of the device relative to the fixed part, for various ratios of the distances between the elements of the device, a wide section is observed with a practically constant value, with a certain relative position of the support elements, of the load on the lower support. Changing the relative position of the support elements, you can set the law of the magnitude of the load on the lower support f from the axial displacement z of the rotating part of the device relative to the fixed part, as well as radial rigid connection.

During acceleration of the rotor 1 during the passage of critical rotation frequencies, as well as in the operating mode due to nutation, residual unbalance and the action of random external forces, the rotor 1 can oscillate relative to the lower support, and composite and long rotors can be subject to bending vibrations. When magnets are made of a material with high electrical conductivity, the effect of radial and axial damping is enhanced. Also, a coating with high electrical conductivity can be applied to the ferromagnetic element, which can lead to the effect of radial and axial damping due to the scattering of the arising eddy currents arising from various types of oscillations.

Also, in comparison with the known magnetic supports, the efficiency of using magnets is increased due to a more complete use of magnetic flux energy.

Claims (7)

1. The magnetic support of the vertical rotor located in the device in the form of a hollow thin-walled vertical rotor installed in the housing and resting on a thrust bearing, containing a system of permanent magnets mounted coaxially with the rotor, characterized in that the magnet system contains magnets mounted on the fixed part of the device, between which one or more magnets mounted on the rotating part of the device, and one or more ferromagnetic elements mounted on the rotating part of the devices but. 2. The magnetic support of the vertical rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed element is a collector on which one of the magnets is mounted above the thin-walled vertical rotor, and the other in its cavity. 3. The magnetic support of the vertical rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets are made circular. 4. The magnetic support of the vertical rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the magnets is rectangular. 5. The magnetic support of the vertical rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the magnets has an arbitrary shape. 6. The magnetic support of the vertical rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets are made of a material with high electrical conductivity. 7. The magnetic support of the vertical rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating part of the support can perform the functions of the fixed part of the support and vice versa, provided that the central symmetry of the magnetic field is maintained.

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