RU2591134C1 - Potato planting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building. Machine comprises frame (1), mineral fertilisers hopper (10), potatoes bin (17), hydropneumatic accumulator (7), hydraulic accumulator. Inside frame (1) there are mineral fertilisers hopper (10) and potatoes bin (17). String roll (2) and trailer (6) are connected to frame at front. Position of frame relative to trailer is controlled by frame (8) control hydraulic cylinders. Hydropneumatic accumulator and hydraulic accumulator are arranged on the trailer (7) communicated with stock cavities of hydraulic cylinders for control over frame. On frame there are also upper (5) and lower (32) reduction gears connected by intermediate shaft (3). On frame there are two motors with worm reduction gears (13), on shafts of which units (14) are arranged. Units are control ropes (15), spanned through rollers (20) and connected to roll screen (21), which is placed on axis and is retained in folded position with spiral spring. Behind two stoppers are welded to frame (24), wheels control hydraulic cylinders (23) are attached. Rod-end cavities of hydraulic cylinders control wheels are linked with a pressure tank, and to their stocks and to draw bars are support-drive wheel (25), interacting with bandages (26), inside of which are hydraulic pressing couplings (27). Mineral fertilisers batching devices drive is performed through left hydraulic pressing coupling by means of variator (19). Vibration bottoms (22) axes are welded behind to frame, on which there are vibration bottoms driven into oscillations by vibrators. Slides are attached to frame from below (28), to which are welded pipe supplying mineral fertilizers (29). Inside slides there are discs planted on shaft rotated from two sides of wheels by means of bandages through hydraulic pressing couplings. Discs are interconnected by three and deployed on shaft relative to each other by 120°. At the bottom sides are attached to frame (16), to them are soil lines are attached. Ploughshares (31) are installed in supports of frame, besides, between side walls there are belt elevators with buckets (30), driven by reduction gear bottom by means of elevators shafts. Tension of elevators belts is carried out by means of tensioning hydraulic cylinders by lower pulleys. Rod-end cavities of hydraulic cylinders tension are communicated with pressure tank with a pressure sensor in pulleys of top and shafts elevators-angular velocity sensors drive belts elevators, in driven pulley angular velocity sensor variator batching devices of mineral fertilizers, in driving pulley variator is shaft angular speed sensor. In tractor cabin during operation with potato planting machine control and alarm unit is placed.

EFFECT: creation of potato planting machine with low resistance to movement of ploughshares in soil and minimum damage of potato tubers in planting.

1 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices in the field of agricultural engineering, intended for planting potatoes.

Known potato planter adopted for the prototype (copyright certificate SU No. 1521333, AC 9/00, 11/15/89), containing a frame, loading device, scooping device, openers, timber with a towing device. The disadvantages of this and other similar potato planting machines, (for example, autoswitching SU No. 1521332 А01С 9/00, 11/15/89), are the great resistance to the movement of the coulters, injury to the potato tubers with a scooper, and also as a result of falling onto the soil from a great height .

A potato planter is known (autoswitch SU No. 1209064, A01C 9/00, 02/07/86), containing a hopper, tubular pipelines and scoopers arranged in the direction of movement behind the coulters, during which the tubers will be significantly less etched. The disadvantage of this potato planter is the complexity of the drive scoopers.

A potato planter is also known (autoswitch SU No. 1308231, АСС 9/00, 07.05.87) containing a frame with a horizontal axis, on which a rotating drum with landing tubes and a hopper with an impeller are mounted. She at work has less resistance to movement, since the tubers are planted in the holes. However, the mechanism for feeding tubers to the landing tubes is not reliable enough.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a potato planting machine with low resistance to movement of the coulters in the soil and minimal injury to the potato tubers when they are planted.

The problem is solved in that the proposed potato planting machine when planting does not move the soil with the coulters, but only creates cracks in it a little wider than the size of the planting tubers. The tubers are supplied for landing by disks made of soft PVC compound that have undergone thermal diffusion treatment (patent RU No. 2 327 566, C2, B29C 73/00, 08/07/2006). Management of the proposed potato planting machine is carried out in semi-automatic mode.

New significant features:

- inside the frame there is a fertilizer hopper and a potato hopper;

- in front of the frame is attached a string roller and a trailer;

- the position of the frame relative to the trailer is controlled by the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the frame;

- a hydraulic accumulator and a hydraulic accumulator are placed on the trailer;

- the rod cavities of the frame control hydraulic cylinders communicate with the accumulator;

- the upper gearbox and the lower gearbox, connected by an intermediate shaft, are installed on the frame;

- on top of the frame are two electric motors with worm gears, on the shafts of which the blocks are located;

- the blocks control the cables thrown through the rollers and connected to the roll of mesh;

- the grid roll is placed on the axis and is held in a folded position by a coil spring;

- two stops are welded to the back of the frame;

- rear wheel control cylinders are attached to the frame;

- the piston cavities of the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the wheels are in communication with a hydropneumatic accumulator;

- support-drive wheels are attached to the rods of the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the wheels and to the leashes;

- wheels interact with bandages, inside of which there are hydro-clutch couplings;

- the drive of the metering devices of mineral fertilizers is carried out through the left (in the direction of the unit) hydro-clutch by means of a variator;

- the back of the frame is welded to the axis of the vibration plates, on which the vibration plates are mounted, driven by vibrators;

- bottom slides are attached to the frame, to which pipes for supplying mineral fertilizers are welded;

- disks are mounted inside the skids, mounted on a shaft, driven into rotation from two sides of the wheels by means of bandages through hydraulic clamping couplings;

- the disks are locked in three and deployed on the shaft relative to each other by 120 °;

- sidewalls are attached to the frame below, soil pipelines are attached to them;

- openers installed in the consoles of the frame;

- between the sidewalls there are elevator belts with buckets fixed on them, driven by the lower gear via the elevator shafts;

- tension of elevator belts is carried out by tension hydraulic cylinders by means of lower pulleys;

- piston cavities of tension hydraulic cylinders are in communication with a hydropneumatic accumulator;

- a pressure sensor is installed on the hydraulic accumulator, at the pulleys of the upper and elevator shafts - angular velocity sensors drive elevators, at the driven pulley of the variator there is a sensor of angular velocity of metering devices of mineral fertilizers, and at the leading pulley of the variator there is a sensor of angular velocity of the shaft;

- in the tractor cabin during operation with the potato planting machine, a control and alarm unit is placed.

The listed new essential features are sufficient in all cases to which the requested scope of legal protection applies.

The set of known and significant distinguishing features of the claimed potato planting machine is not known from the prior art and does not follow from it in an obvious way.

A new technical result is that the use of the proposed potato planting machine will reduce energy costs for planting potatoes, increase its productivity in connection with the reduction of injury to tubers during planting and facilitate the work of machine operators.

In FIG. 1 shows a left side view of a potato planting machine; in FIG. 2 - front view; in FIG. 3 - rear view; in FIG. 4 is a top view; in FIG. 5 - section aa; in FIG. 6 - section BB; in FIG. 7 - section GG; in FIG. 8 - section DD; in FIG. 9 - section EE; in FIG. 10 - section MF; in FIG. 11 is a left side view of a potato planter in a transport position and an arrangement of sensors; in FIG. 12 - aggregation of a potato planting machine.

Inside the frame 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4) there is a mineral fertilizer hopper 10, a potato hopper 17, and a string roller 2 and a trailer 6 are attached to it in front of it. The frame hydraulic cylinders control the position of the frame relative to the trailer 8. The hydraulic accumulator is mounted on the trailer 7 and the accumulator 33. The rod cavities of the frame control hydraulic cylinders are connected to the accumulator. The upper gearbox 5 and the lower gearbox 32 (Fig. 1, 7) are connected to the frame, connected by an intermediate shaft 3. The torque from the tractor power take-off shaft to the upper gearbox is transmitted by the universal joint shaft 9 (Fig. 1, 4). Markers 12 are attached to the frame on both sides (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4), the position of which is controlled by the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the markers 4, and in the raised position, the clamps 11 are fixed. Two electric motors with worm gearboxes 13 are installed on top of the frame, on whose shafts blocks 14 are located that control the cables 15 thrown over the rollers 20 and connected to the grid roll 21 (Figs. 1, 3, 9). The grid roll is placed on the axis 46 (Fig. 9) and is held in a folded position by a coil spring 47. Two stops 24 are welded to the frame at the back (Figs. 1, 3) and the wheel control cylinders 23 are attached. The under-piston cavities of the wheel control cylinders are connected with a hydraulic accumulator. Support rods 25 (Figs. 1, 2, 3) are connected to the rods of the hydraulic control cylinders of the wheels and to the leashes 41 (Fig. 5), interacting with the braces 26, inside of which there are hydro-clamping couplings 27 (Figs. 1, 5). The drive of the metering devices 38 (Fig. 4) of mineral fertilizers is carried out through the left (in the direction of the unit) hydraulic clutch by means of a variator 19 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4) controlled by a hydraulic cylinder for controlling the variator 18 (Fig. 1). The axes of the vibration plates 22 (Fig. 1, 3, 10) are also welded to the back of the frame, on which the vibration plates 34 (Figs. 3, 4, 10) are mounted, driven by vibrators 35 (Fig. 3). Bottom to the frame are attached slides 28 (Figs. 1, 3, 5, 6, 10) to which pipes for feeding mineral fertilizers 29 are welded (Figs. 1, 7). Disks 40 are located inside the slides (Figs. 5, 10), mounted on a shaft 37 mounted in bearings 39 and driven into rotation from two sides of the wheels by means of bandages through hydraulic clutch couplings. The disks are locked in three and rotated on the shaft relative to each other by 120 ° (Fig. 5). At the bottom, sidewalls 16 are also attached to the frame (Fig. 1, 8), soil pipelines 36 (Fig. 3, 6) are attached to them. Below, in the consoles of the frame, mounted openers 31 (Fig.1, 8). Between the sidewalls there are elevator belts 45 (Fig. 8) with buckets 30 fixed on them (Figs. 1, 7), driven by the lower gear via the elevator shafts 42 (Fig. 7). The tension of the elevator belts is carried out by the tension hydraulic cylinders 43 (Fig. 8) by means of the lower pulleys 44. The piston cavities of the tension hydraulic cylinders are in communication with the hydraulic accumulator.

A pressure sensor 48 is installed on the hydraulic accumulator (Fig. 11), angular velocity sensors of the elevator belts drive 49 are installed on the pulleys of the upper 53 and elevator shafts 49. The units 50 have travel switches 50. The angular velocity sensor of the metering devices 51 of mineral fertilizers is located on the driven pulley of the variator, and the drive variator pulley has a shaft angular velocity sensor 52. The tractor has a pneumatic clutch amplifier 55 (Fig. 12), and a control unit and an alarm are placed in the tractor cabin during operation with the potato planter 54 ns (WCD).

When making a smooth landing, the machine operator drives to the edge of the field, puts the BUS switch in the “load” position, engages the gear and drives about a meter. In this case, the pressure of the working fluid propagates into the rod cavities of the frame control hydraulic cylinders. Potato planting machine begins to be transferred from the transport (Fig. 11) to the working (Fig. 1) position. At the same time, the tractor’s PTO drive is turned on, and the pressure in the hydraulic accumulator becomes minimal. Openers and buckets of elevators are immersed in the soil. After that, the BUS will increase the pressure in the hydro-pneumatic accumulator to the nominal one, turn off the power take-off shaft, and switch to standby mode. Mineral fertilizers and planting material are loaded respectively into the fertilizer hopper and the potato hopper. During the loading process, the CCD proportionally increases the pressure in the accumulator associated with the rod cavities of the frame control hydraulic cylinders. The rods are drawn into the hydraulic control cylinders of the frame, maintaining the nominal pressure in the hydraulic accumulator, therefore, in the hydraulic cylinders of the wheels. Moreover, most of the gravity of mineral fertilizers and potatoes is transferred from the wheels to the string roller, which has a large supporting surface.

After loading, the machine operator lowers one of the markers, the BUS switch puts it in the “work” position. At the same time, the power take-off shaft is turned on, driving the elevator buckets, the hydro-clutch couplings are closed and the vibrators are turned on. At the same time, electric motors with worm gearboxes are switched on. They, winding cables on blocks, unwind a roll of mesh, covering it with a potato bunker. The trip switches turn off the worm gear motors and the self-locking worm gears do not allow the mesh roll to curl. The machine operator engages the gear and begins to move. The string roller crushes and levels the surface of the soil. The coulters cut holes in it a little wider than the size of the planting tubers. The elevator buckets scoop up the soil from inside the openers, lift it up and send it into the soil pipes (Fig. 7). The tubers “k” (Fig. 10, a) roll down the vibration plates and fall on the surface of the disks. Vibration of vibrating plates promotes the movement of tubers of a non-spherical shape. When the disk rotates (Fig. 10, b, c, d), the tuber, rolling, gradually sinks into the recess of the disk, since the surface of the disk is made in a spiral of Archimedes. With further rotation of the disk, when its recess is at the bottom (Fig. 10, b), the tuber begins to slide down the slit into the soil gap. Since the discs are locked in three and rotated on the shaft by 120 ° relative to each other, three tubers fall into the slip in one turn of the shaft. At the same time, the metering devices (Fig. 7) send mineral fertilizers through the pipes for supplying mineral fertilizers. The soil scooped up by buckets slides inside the soil pipelines and, spilling out behind the sklises, fills the cracks with potato tubers and fertilizers.

As the fertilizer hopper and the potato hopper are emptied, the BUS will proportionally reduce the pressure in the accumulator associated with the rod cavities of the frame control cylinders, maintaining a predetermined nominal pressure in the accumulator, therefore, in the wheel control cylinders. In the process, the machine adjusts the pressure in the hydropneumatic accumulator in accordance with the state of the soil. It should be such that the wheels reliably mate with the soil, but do not exert excessive pressure on it. The pressure value in the hydropneumatic accumulator and other operating parameters of the potato planting machine to the machine operator is shown by the BUS. The BUS also controls the angular speeds of the upper pulleys and elevator shafts. If a stone or other object sticks to any elevator belt, the difference in angular speeds of the upper pulley and elevator shaft will exceed the permissible limit, the pneumatic amplifier (Fig. 12) will open the clutch and the unit will stop, protecting the elements of the potato planter from damage.

At the end of the rut, the machine operator raises the marker, the BUS switch switches to the “U-turn” position. In this case, the pressure of the working fluid propagates into the sub-piston cavities of the frame control hydraulic cylinders, and the pressure in the hydraulic accumulator becomes maximum. At the same time, the hydraulic clamping couplings open and the vibrators turn off. Potato planting machine begins to be transferred from the working (Fig. 1) to the transport (Fig. 11) position. The string roller rises above the soil, then the openers and bucket elevators come out of the soil. After some time, the tractor power take-off drive turns off. The pressure on the wheels increases, so the leashes of the wheels fall on the stops. The net prevents the tubers from spilling out of the potato bin. After a turn, the mechanic switches the BUS switch to the “lower” position. In this position, the BUS performs operations of the “load” position, but does not go into standby mode after their implementation, but immediately performs operations of the “work” position, with the exception of turning on electric motors with worm gearboxes.

After emptying the potato hopper, the machine operator turns on the reverse rotation of the electric motors with worm gears. From the influence of a spiral spring, the roll of mesh is rolled up into a folded position. The machine operator also controls the position of the markers without the participation of the BUS. The procedure for planting potatoes in rows differs from the procedure for smooth planting of potatoes in that the machine operator does not control the position of the markers. They are located in the clamps. Before planting potatoes in rows, instead of the string roller, support wheels are installed in the row-spacing. They can also be used if improvement of the soil structure is not required, for example, when planting potatoes in sandy soils.

Claims (1)

Potato planting machine containing a frame, a fertilizer hopper, a potato hopper, a hydraulic accumulator, a hydraulic accumulator, characterized in that a fertilizer hopper and a potato hopper are placed inside the frame, a string roller and a trailer are attached to the frame in front, and the frame position relative to the trailer is controlled by the frame position relative to the trailer a hydraulic accumulator and a hydraulic accumulator are placed on the trailer, with which the rod cavities of the frame control hydraulic cylinders communicate, the frame also has The upper gearbox and the lower gearbox, connected by an intermediate shaft, have been updated; two electric motors with worm gearboxes are installed on top of the frame, on the shafts of which the blocks are located, the blocks control cables thrown through the rollers and connected to the grid roll, which is placed on the axis and is held in a coiled spiral position spring, two stops are welded to the back of the frame, wheel control cylinders are attached, the piston cavities of which are connected to the hydropneumatic accumulator, and they are connected to their rods and leashes support-drive wheels interacting with bandages, inside of which there are hydro-clamping couplings, the metering devices of mineral fertilizers are driven through the left-hand hydraulic clamping clutch by means of a variator, the axes of the vibration plates are also welded to the axles of the vibration plates, vibration plates are mounted on the axes of the vibration plates, driven by vibrators, slides are attached to the bottom of the frame, to which pipes for supplying mineral fertilizers are welded, and inside the slides there are disks mounted on a shaft driven in rotation with the sides of the wheels from the wheels through the hydraulic clamping couplings, while the disks are locked in three and rotated 120 ° on the shaft, the sidewalls are attached to the frame below, the soil pipes are attached to them, and the coulters are installed in the frame consoles, with ribbons located between the sides elevators with buckets fixed on them, driven from the lower gear by the elevator shafts, and the elevator belts are tensioned by tension hydraulic cylinders by lower pulleys, while the piston cavities are hydro of tension cylinders are connected with a hydropneumatic accumulator, in addition, a pressure sensor is installed on the hydropneumatic accumulator, at the pulleys of the upper and elevator shafts there are angular velocity sensors for driving elevator belts, at the driven variator pulley there is an angular velocity sensor for metering devices of mineral fertilizers, at the driving variator pulley there is an angular velocity sensor shaft, and in the tractor cabin during operation with a potato planting machine, a control and alarm unit is placed.

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