RU2588451C1 - Method for artificial pollination of anemophilous plants and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention represents a device for implementing the method of artificial pollination of wind-pollinated plants, which represents a small controlled drone, for example, of a copter type, with a video camera, where the drone is equipped with a suspension in the form of two rods and a crankshaft between them, carrying a group of screw propellers and connected via a tie rod with an eccentric mechanism mounted on the shaft of the electric drive with a remote controller, and method of artificial pollination of wind-pollinated plants including shaking off of pollen from plants and its transfer on the field, where, with the help of a small controlled drone, rotating propellers of which are arranged at an angle to the direction of movement, there is created, above the surface of the plant, a turbulent flow of air, which is used to shake off, grip and transfer the pollen by measure of the copter movement above the field without direct contact of the device with plants.

EFFECT: proposed method of artificial pollination with use of the disclosed device improves the quality of pollination of crops.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of agriculture and may find application in the cultivation of mainly wind-pollinated crops.

A feature of crop cultivation is that in order to obtain a full crop, plants need cross-pollination - transfer of pollen from one plant to another. In wind-pollinated crops (cereal grains - wheat, rye, etc.), cross-pollination of plants is carried out due to the transfer of pollen by the wind. When wind-pollinated crops bloom in dry, calm weather, characteristic of spring drought, pollen from the flowers falls off and does not fall on neighboring plants, this leads to grain ears emptyness and lower productivity. In insect-pollinated plants (buckwheat, sunflower, etc.), pollen transfer is carried out by insects (bumblebees, bees, flies). However, the number of insects is not always sufficient for pollination of plants on large areas of industrial crops. Insufficient pollination of plants leads to a decrease in yield.

In order to increase crop yields, artificial pollination of plants is carried out.

A known method of pollination of plants using a device comprising an articulated coupling of several sections, based on wheels, and mounted on the sections of the working bodies in the form of a frame or burlap. This hitch is moved with the vehicle across the field. In the process of moving across the field, the working bodies bend the tops of plants and transfer pollen from one plant to another (Pat. RF No. 2448458, IPC A01H 1/02, 04/27/2012).

The disadvantages of this pollination method are the reduction of the sown area due to the need to lay tracks for the movement of the vehicle and the support wheels of the sections, as well as damage to the plants by the working bodies of the coupling, which leads to a decrease in yield.

A known method of pollination of plants, implemented by a device comprising an aircraft with a drag mounted on the suspension. When implementing the method, the aircraft transports the drag at high speed over the surface of the plants, shaking and transferring pollen (Av. St. USSR No. 470287, MKI A01H 1/02, Bull. No. 18, 1975). This technical solution was made as a prototype.

The disadvantages of this method are the danger of damage to plants by drags, as well as a decrease in the quality of pollination due to the high processing speed that does not allow taking into account the field microrelief. Therefore, in elevated places, the drag will break plants, and in depressions it is not enough to contact with them.

All known methods of artificial pollination of plants and devices for their implementation are based on direct contact with plants, which leads to significant losses in yield.

To eliminate these drawbacks, the proposed method for artificial pollination of plants, including shaking off pollen from plants and its transfer across the field, in which using a controlled small unmanned aerial vehicle, such as a copter, with working equipment, creates a turbulent air stream over the plant surface, which shake off, capture and transfer of pollen as the copter moves over the field without direct contact of the device with plants.

To implement the proposed method of artificial pollination of plants allows a device that includes a controlled aircraft with working equipment for knocking pollen from plants and transferring it to other plants, in which the aircraft is a controlled small unmanned vehicle, such as a copter, with a video camera equipped with a suspension in the form two rods and a crankshaft between them, carrying a group of propellers and connected by a thrust with an eccentric mechanism mounted on an electric drive shaft but with a remote controller.

A new technical result from the implementation of the proposed method for artificial pollination of plants using the proposed device is that the turbulent air stream formed above the surface of the plants shakes off pollen from the plants, captures it and transfers it to other plants as the copter moves over the field. Due to the lack of direct contact of the suspension with the equipment installed on it with the surface of the plants, the possibility of damage is excluded. In addition, a controlled copter with a video camera moves over the field with adjustable speed at a low height, which allows you to take into account the microrelief of the field and produce better pollination of plants throughout its area.

The essence of the proposal is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device, FIG. 2 - crankshaft rotation mechanism with propellers.

A device for implementing the proposed method includes a copter 1 equipped with rotors 2. Suspension 3 is fixed to the copter body, at the ends of which 4 a crankshaft 5 with propellers 6 is mounted. A rod 9 is connected to the middle part of the shaft 5 with a sleeve 7 and a hinge 8 coupled to the eccentric 10 mounted on the shaft 11 of the electric drive 12 connected to the remote control controller 13. On the bottom surface of the copter 1 is installed a video camera 14.

The proposed method of artificial pollination of plants using the proposed device is as follows:

The operator, using the control panel, starts the copter 1 equipped with working equipment above the field at a height of 0.3-0.5 m from the surface of the plants. In the process of its movement over plants, the rotors 2 create an air flow directed downward. By means of an eccentric 10 mounted on the shaft 11 of the electric motor 12 and connected through the hinge 8 and the thrust bearing 7, the crankshaft 5 is rotated, having the propellers 6 at an angle to the direction of travel. In this case, the oncoming air flows cause the propellers 6 to rotate. Rotating propellers 6 create an air flow directed at an angle to the vertical flow from the rotors 2. In this case, a turbulent air movement is created above the plant surface, shaking off the pollen from them, picking it up and moving it along the field along the horizontal flight path of the copter 1. Video camera 14 allows the operator on the control panel to monitor in real time the process of movement of the copter and the efficiency of pollen transfer and by supplying a control signal from the remote control to the remote controller phenomenon 13 to regulate the operation of the device by changing the position of the propellers 6, the horizontal flight speed of the copter 1 and the height above the surface of the plants. When the copter reaches the edge of the field, it is oriented in the opposite direction with an offset by the width of the treated strip.

Thus, the proposed method for artificial pollination of plants using the proposed device provides an increase in the quality of pollination of crops over large areas without damaging the plants, as well as increasing the productivity of the process.

Claims (2)

1. A device for implementing a method of artificial pollination of wind-pollinated plants, which is a controlled small unmanned aerial vehicle, such as a copter, with a video camera, characterized in that the unmanned aerial vehicle is equipped with a suspension in the form of two rods and a crankshaft between them, carrying a group of propellers and connected traction with an eccentric mechanism mounted on the shaft of the electric drive with a remote control controller. 2. A method of artificial pollination of wind-pollinated plants, including shaking off pollen from plants and its transfer across the field, characterized in that using a controlled small unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, the rotating propellers of which are positioned at an angle to the direction of movement, create a turbulent above the surface of the plant air flow, which is carried out by shaking, capturing and transfer of pollen as the copter moves over the field without direct contact of the device with plants.

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