RU2582327C1 - Plant for producing foam glass boards - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to unit for production of foam glass plates (PP) of volcanic glasses and industrial wastes. Proposed unit comprises shuttle furnace with lined body, movable hearth with longitudinal PP limiters forming transport system with pushers of PP from hearth furnace, supports and roll table, and cooler, elevator of longitudinal PP limiters, installed parallel to axis of furnace made of two angles, inside which there are two square strips, which divide it into three equal parts to make square inverted T-shaped channels to enter them hearth furnace square metal strips suspended on ropes and connected with drive, pusher PP from hearth furnace is made in form of trolley with drive and T-shaped pushing elements, wherein length of odd pushing above elements is larger than that of even at 700 mm in length of PP 600 mm, and cooler is made in form of refrigerator-vacuum flask with heat insulated metal housing divided into two compartments with folding doors, at bottom of each compartment is mounted on four corners to accommodate PP and on housing of vacuum flask there are through channels with gates for removal of hot air.

EFFECT: simplified design, reduced material and energy costs; improved working conditions and reducing number of rejects.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the building materials industry and can be used in the production of foam glass plates (PP) from volcanic glasses and industrial wastes using a shuttle furnace (patent No. 2502029).

There is a traditional technology for the production of foam-glass products (F. Schill “Foam glass” (production and use), publishing house of construction literature, Moscow, 1965, pp. 7-9, 18-24, 43-50; “Technology of mineral heat-insulating materials and lightweight concrete ”, part 4, chapter 1. - Cellular glass, pp. 246-253, M., Stroyizdat, 1976), in which the unit includes: a bathroom furnace for cooking artificial glass at a temperature of 1500 ° C; water-wetted mesh conveyor; drying drum for drying granulate; ball mill; a fleet of closed metal molds made of heat-resistant steel, in which the powder mixture is foamed in two ways:

1. One-step method - foaming the mixture and cooling (annealing) of the products are carried out in tunnel kilns on lined trolleys. The length of the furnaces is 80-105 m. At the end of the furnace, the cone-shaped products from the molds are removed manually and subjected less often to obtain products of the required size.

The main disadvantages of this method are:

- high yield of crumbs (gravel) up to 50%, which sharply increases the cost of 1 m ³ foam glass;

- the need for a huge fleet of molds made of heat-resistant steel and, accordingly, a high specific consumption of heat-resistant steel - up to 3 kg per 1 m ^{3 of} foam glass;

- high capital investments and large production areas for the construction of the production line;

- the high heat consumption for heating the lining of trolleys and metal molds from 20 to 1050 ° C for 3, 5 hours and for annealing in the cooling zone for 2 hours determine a high specific consumption per 1 m ^{3 of} foam glass - about 150 kg an.t. (excluding the cost of glass melting and granulate drying).

2. The two-stage method - foaming the mixture in metallic closed forms and partially cooling them in order to stabilize the structure of foam glass is carried out in short tunnel furnaces - 15-20 m for 3 hours. At the end of the furnace, products with a temperature of 650-700 ° C are removed from the molds manually way. Molds with a temperature of about 400 ° C with the charge are returned to the tunnel furnace and periodically moved along the channel with the help of a pusher along metal guides made of heat-resistant steel, and the products are sent to the LER annealing furnace 24 m long for cooling to 50 ° C for 15 hours

Compared with the single-stage method, a sharp reduction in the number of molds, the exclusion of oven trolleys, reheating of molds from 400 (to 1050 ° C) ensures a reduction in specific fuel consumption by about 30%.

The main disadvantages of the two-stage method are:

- high metal consumption - about 18 tons (including heat-resistant steel 14 tons - molds, furnace guides, mesh conveyor, etc.) and the cost of manufacturing the LER annealing furnace is about 12 million rubles. in machine-building plants;

- the need for fuel consumption for heating the PP to 800 ° C in the annealing furnace and the maintenance of the heating system lead to an increase in the cost of foam glass;

- removal of products from molds is carried out manually, and the amount of crushed stone is high - about 30-35%;

- repeated cooling and heating of molds (from 1050 to 400 ° C and vice versa) leads to increased consumption of heat-resistant steel - 0.5-1.0 kg per 1 m ^{3 of} foam glass.

The purpose of the invention is: to simplify the design and create a material and energy-saving, automated unit; providing the possibility of its manufacture in small mechanical workshops; improving working conditions - manual labor and contacts of workers with hot elements of production are excluded; a sharp reduction in the number of marriage.

In FIG. 1 shows the main components and mechanisms of the unit, the kinematic diagram of the removal of PP from the surface of the bottom of the shuttle furnace, FIG. 2 - design of the lifting unit of the longitudinal limiters PP, figure 3 is a diagram of the refrigerator-thermos (container) 4.

The unit for the production of PP consists (Fig. 1) of a shuttle kiln 1 (patent No. 2502029), a lift of the longitudinal limiters 2 of the PP (Fig. 2), an ejector 3 PP from the surface of the hearth of the furnace (Fig. 1), a refrigerator-thermos 4 (Fig . 3).

The elevator of the longitudinal limiters PP (Fig. 2) consists of two corners 5, bounding the PP at the ends, inside of which two square strips 6 are mounted, dividing the corners in length into 3 brine parts, with square inverted T-shaped channels where as the bottom moves lifts 2, hung on ropes 7 (with a diameter of 4 mm) and connected to the drive 8, enter the furnace.

The ejector 3 (Fig. 1) consists of a trolley with a drive and T-shaped pushing elements 9, 10, the length of the odd elements 9 being longer than the even 10 by 700 mm if the length of the PP is 600 mm.

The thermos refrigerator 4 (FIGS. 1, 3) is made of a thermally insulated metal case, divided into two compartments 11 with hinged doors 12. In each compartment at the bottom are mounted four corners 13, which accommodate two packages of 14 PP (up to 10 pcs. . PP in the bag), and on the body through channels 15 are made with mobile gates designed to evacuate hot air from a thermos. With a thickness of 100 mm PP, the total cooling time is about 15 hours, of which the first 3 hours the channels 15 are closed with gates, which ensures equalization of the temperature field in the plates, eliminating the formation of thermal stresses and cracks in them.

The unit operates as follows. In a shuttle oven, 20 pieces are formed. PP in 20 minutes and in portions - 10 pcs. the oven puller is moved to the plate removal area. As the hearth of the furnace moves, the elevators 2 (Fig. 2) fall into the inverted T-shaped channels of two square strips 6 of the corners 5 and, using the cables 7 and the drive 8, raise the longitudinal limiters (corners) of the PP by 150 mm. Then the ejector 3 (Fig. 1) first, the odd push elements 1, 3, 5, and others. 9 from the surface of the hearth of the furnace pushes the odd I, III. V and other plates, then even 10 elements — 2, 4, 6, and others — pushes even II, IV, VI, and other plates onto the packet forming area 14. The plates by means of a gripper (in Figs. 1, 2, 3 not shown) are collected in two packages and pushed into a thermos refrigerator (container) 4. Then the ejector 3, lifts 2 and limiters at the ends of the PP (corners) 5 are returned to their original position. After 20 minutes, the second portion of PP-10 is transferred according to the kinematic scheme described above. to the site of the formation of packages 14 and fill the second compartment of the refrigerator-thermos. Then filled 40 pcs. thermos plates replace empty.

The number of thermos-freezers depends on the productivity of the furnace and the required cooling time for the PP. With a furnace capacity of 10 thousand m ³ PP per year and a cooling time of 15 hours, the number of thermoses will be 22 pcs. The mass of one thermos with dimensions of 2200 × 1000 × 750 mm will be: metal - 100 kg, thermal insulation (PPZh-200) - 105 kg. Metal consumption for 22 pcs. thermos will be 2.2 tons.

The total mass of the metal in the annealing furnace 25 m long (plate cooling time 15 hours) is about 16 tons (casing, mesh conveyor made of heat-resistant steel 54 m long and 1.5 m wide, drive, heating system, flues, supports, smoke exhaust, fan and etc.). The amount of heat-resistant steel is about 8 tons.

Replacing the unit for the production of PP in tunnel kilns and cooling them in annealing furnaces with a unit using a shuttle furnace, a lift, an ejector and a refrigerator-thermos (container) provides a highly efficient, automated production organization.

This is achieved by:

1. The design is simplified, a material and energy-saving, automated unit is created and the possibility of its manufacture in small mechanical workshops;

2. the developed mechanisms (lift, ejector) provide automatic removal of PP from the bottom of the furnace, exclude the use of manual labor and the need for the worker to contact hot production elements;

3. the use of a refrigerator-thermos (container) instead of the annealing furnace provides a reduction in the mass of metal by 7 times, cost by 12 times; exclusion of the heating system during the cooling period of the PP; creation of optimal cooling regimes for PP, thereby sharply reducing the amount of marriage; the use of a thermos as a container for the transportation of PP in the workshop.

Claims (1)

A unit for the production of foam glass plates (PP) containing a shuttle furnace having a lined body, a movable hearth with longitudinal limiters PP, forming a transport system with ejectors PP from the hearth of the furnace, supports and roller tables, and a refrigerator, characterized in that it is equipped with a lift of longitudinal limiters PP installed parallel to the axis of the furnace, made of two corners, inside which two square strips are mounted, dividing it into three equal parts with the formation of square inverted T-shaped squares of the shafts intended to enter them as the hearth of the furnace moves square metal strips suspended on ropes and connected to the drive, the ejector PP from the hearth of the furnace is made in the form of a trolley with a drive and T-shaped pushing elements, the odd mentioned pushing elements being longer than even by 700 mm with a length of 600 mm PP, and the refrigerator is made in the form of a thermos refrigerator with a thermally insulated metal case, divided into two compartments with hinged doors, with four mounted at the bottom of each compartment corner for placement of PP, and thermos package through channels formed with vanes for discharging hot air.

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