RU2580955C2 - Method of generating electrodynamic thrust - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering, electric power and electrodynamic plants and can be used for imparting movement to aerospace vehicles, as well as ground, water and underwater vehicles. Method consists in that electric arc in orthogonal field of arc of anode field of electron gun ionises working substance to form electronic beams, energy at full-wave rectifying circuit of which is converted to alternating current using conduction current, convection currents and bias currents. Alternating current is fed into inductor winding of ferromagnetic closed magnetic conductor and provides interaction of magnetic induction vector orthogonal vector of current flowing between electrodes surrounding outer and inner surface of magnetic conductor, as a result of which is generated an electrodynamic vector of force pulse, moving vehicle.

EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of efficiency and increasing traction force.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to electric power and electrodynamic installations, and can be used to give movement to aerospace vehicles, as well as land, water and underwater vehicles.

The closest in physical essence is the method implemented in the "Electrodynamic propulsion" (patent RU 2453972, H02K 51/00), the essence of which is that the working substance is ionized by an electric arc in the orthogonal field of the arc of the electron gun, forming electronic matter from it beams, which according to the two-half-wave scheme are converted into alternating current in the windings of the inductor, which creates an induction vector in the ferromagnetic magnetic circuit and a current vector in the armature located in the gap of the magnetic circuit of the inductor and is rigidly connected the two- to the vehicle body.

The interaction of the induction vector with the current vector creates traction [electrodynamic vector of the force momentum F · t = mΔυ (L. A. Sena. Units of physical quantities and their dimensions, - M., Nauka, 1977. p.119)], moving vehicle in the direction of this vector, causing each pulse F · t the corresponding change in speed Δυ = F · t / m, where m is the mass of the vehicle.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that only part (about 1/3) of the energy of the electron beams is converted into traction by the current of electrical conductivity (convection and bias currents of the electron beams can be converted into traction).

According to the theory of the electromagnetic field (K. Shimoni. Theoretical Electrical Engineering. - M.: Mir, 1964, p. 42 ... 50), the electromagnetic processes of an electron beam can be described using the Maxwell-Lorentz equations:

where H is the magnetic field vector;

J _PR = Eγ is the conductivity current density vector,

E is a vector of electric field strength,

γ is the electrical conductivity of the electric circuit;

J _K = ρυ - convection current density vector,

ρ is the bulk density of charges in the electron beam,

υ is the velocity vector of charges in the electron beam;

- вектор плотности токов смещения, $$J_{CM}=\epsilon \partial E/\partial t={\omega }_{\rho }\epsilon E$$

is the vector of the density of bias currents,

µ is the magnetic and ε is the dielectric constant of the electron beam medium, ω _ρ is the working cyclic frequency.

In addition, the air gap in the magnetic circuit of the inductor creates large energy losses of the electromagnetic field, which reduces the value of the generated traction and efficiency.

The objective of the invention is to increase efficiency and increase traction due to the use of convection currents and bias currents of electron beams, as well as by eliminating the gap in the magnetic circuit of the inductor.

The problem is solved in that the working substance is ionized by an electric arc in the orthogonal field of the arc of the anode field of the electron gun, forming electron beams from it, which are converted into an alternating conduction current through a half-wave circuit and sent to the inductor winding, in the ferromagnetic magnetic circuit of which an alternating magnetic field is excited with the corresponding induction vector, creating a current vector, the interaction of which creates the electrodynamic vector of the force impulse moving the vehicle , according to the invention, it is additionally converted into alternating current by induction conversion — convection currents and capacitive conversion — bias currents extracted from electron beams and ensure the interaction of the magnetic induction vector of the closed magnetic circuit with the current vector orthogonal to it, flowing between the electrodes covering the external and internal surfaces of the closed magnetic circuit.

The drawing shows a functional diagram of a device by which the inventive method for creating electrodynamic traction can be implemented.

This device contains: an electric arc plasmatron 1 filled with a working substance (discharged gas) with an anode A _ED and a cathode K _ED electric arc; electron guns 2 with axial output anodes A _B , to which antiphase voltages U _{a of} cyclic operating frequency ω _p are supplied; induction converters 4, made on a ferromagnetic toroidal magnetic circuit, covering the electron beam 3; working electrodes 5 with a working cavity (RP) 6 made of a material of the first kind of conductor, therefore, a double electric layer is formed on the surface of the working cavity 6; metal plates 7, insulated by a dielectric 8 from the working electrodes 5, forming capacitors C _5-7 , connected in series with the electric capacity of the double electric layer of the working cavities 6; braking electrodes 9; inductive windings L ₁ , L ₂ , L ₃ , L _{a of the} primary circuit of a power transformer - converter (STP) made on a conductive ferromagnetic closed (without gap) magnetic circuit (MP) 11, rigidly connected to the vehicle body "K", and STP made symmetrical with respect to the midpoint 10 connected to the cathode K of the _{ED of the} plasma torch 1 and the device body; capacitors C _p1 , C _p2 , creating a resonance with the corresponding windings of inductors L ₁ , L ₂ ; the secondary circuit 12 and the current winding 16 of the power transformer - converter STP; a network of 13 consumers of electricity (on-board network of a mobile device) with a cyclic operating frequency ω _r having an adjustable voltage converter (on-load tap-changer) of an electric arc (ED); metal electrodes - plates 14 and 15 located on the inner and outer sides of the closed MP 11; and a bass reflex current 17 having operating modes: “forward”, “reverse”, “neutral”.

This device works as follows. With the electric arc ionizes the working substance (discharged gas) between the anode A and the cathode K _{ED ED} plasma torch 1 in the orthogonal direction to the field field of the arc anode A 2 _in the electron gun.

Each ionized atom of the working substance gives two oppositely charged ions, an electron with a charge “-e” and a cation with a charge “+ e”, which move in opposite directions, the cation - to the cathode K _ED , the electron - to the anode A _ED . Under the influence of the axial field output _AV anode of the electron gun 2, creating the field strength is 10-15 times greater than the field strength of the electric arc, electrons emerge from the arc region between A and K _{ED ED} and move to the outlet _in the anode A, passing through the axial the hole of the output anode, getting the potential U _{a of the} anode A _B and the corresponding speed:

, $${\vartheta }_{eP}={\left({2e{U}_a/m}_e\right)}^{\mathrm{one}/2}$$

,

where m _e is the mass of the electron.

Electrons are combined into an electron beam 3, modulated by the operating frequency ω _p . At this time, the cations of the ionized working substance, which have a mass of 4-5 orders of magnitude more than the electrons, practically without changing their trajectory of movement, come to the cathode K _ED , charging it positively.

.When the electron beam 3 passes through the induction transducer 4, the convection current of the electron beam is converted into induction in the magnetic circuit 11 and electric power, which can be determined from the dependences: $$S_{\mathrm{AND}}=I_K^2{\omega }_p{L}_{\mathrm{AND}};B_{MP\mathrm{one}}={\mu }_{MP}{I}_{\mathrm{TO}}{W}_{\mathrm{one}}\cdot \exp \left(j{\omega }_{R}t\right)/l_{\mathrm{one}}$$

.

where L _AND is the equivalent inductance of the converter 4 connected to the inductive winding L ₁ through the capacitor C _p1 ;

;I _K - convection current, which is equal to $$I_K=J_K\pi r_P^2$$

;

J _K is the convection current density;

r _P is the radius of the electron beam;

µ _MP — magnetic permeability of MP 11;

W ₁ and l ₁ , is the number of turns and the length of the magnetic circuit of the inductive winding L ₁ ;

K _And - the conversion coefficient of convection current I _K in the induction converter 4.

This power through the winding L ₁ , tuned with a capacitor C _p1 to resonance at the operating frequency ω _r , is converted into induction B _MP1 and transmitted by a power transformer - a converter made on MP 11 to the current winding 16, to the secondary winding 12 and to the on-board network 13.

), так как они пропорциональны квадратам плотности заряда, конвекционного тока, плотности конвекционного тока $$\left({\rho }^2,I_{К}^2,J_{К}^2,\right)$$

.The more power is taken from the electron beam, the more electrons are decelerated, reducing their speed, the beam expands, and the charge density in the beam and its energy decrease. To increase the charge density in the beam 3 it is compressed in the working cavity 6 due to the converging taper along the beam and the electric field of the double electric layer on the surface of the RP 6. The ratio of the diameter of the inlet of the working cavity 6 to the output diameter characterizes the compression ratio of the beam (d _I / d _out = K _sr ), which determines how many times the charge density in the beam and the strength of convection current increase. Energy and power, respectively, increase in proportion to the square of the compression ratio ( $${\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{from}\mathrm{well}}^2$$

), since they are proportional to the squares of the charge density, convection current, convection current density $$\left({\rho }^2,I_{\mathrm{TO}}^2,J_{\mathrm{TO}}^2,\right)$$

.

Then the field of the double electric layer in the cylindrical part of RP 6 holds the electron beam 3 in a compressed state, preserving its potential energy and power, when the beam 3 is braked by the braking field of the braking electrode 9. The braking electrodes 9 are supplied with voltage from part of the winding L ₂ , to the anode A _B - from the entire winding L _a , therefore, the voltage at the electrode 9 is less than U _a , since U _a = U _La , a U _La and U _{L2 are} the same as a first approximation. The front electrons of the beam enter the braking electrode 9, forming the conduction current of the electromagnetic circuit of the inductive winding L ₂ , pressed by the rear electrons of the beam 3, having a high speed created by the output anode A _{B of the} electron gun 2.

, которая превращается в напряжение на электроде торможения 9 $$U_T=m_e{\left({\vartheta }_{еП}-{\vartheta }_{еТ}\right)}^2{e}^{j{\omega }_{p}t}/2e$$

Due to the deceleration of the electron beam 3, kinetic energy is taken from it $$W_k=m_e{\left({\vartheta }_{eP}-{\vartheta }_{eT}\right)}^2/2$$

, which turns into a voltage on the braking electrode 9 $$U_T=m_e{\left({\vartheta }_{eP}-{\vartheta }_{eT}\right)}^2{e}^{j{\omega }_{p}t}/2e$$

, отбираемую из электронного пучка в виде тока проводимости в первичной электрической цепи индуктивной обмотки L₂, создающего в МП 11 индукцию $${\text{B}}_{\text{МП2}}={\text{μ}}_{\text{МП}}{\text{I}}_{\text{ПР}}{\text{W}}_{\text{2}}\cdot \text{exp}\left({\text{jω}}_{\text{ρ}}\text{t}\right){\text{/l}}_{\text{2}}$$

, и мощность S_l2, трансформируемую в обмотку 16 и сеть потребителей электроэнергии 13.and in appropriate power $$S_{L2}=U_T{I}_{PR}=U_T^2{Y}_{PR}$$

selected from the electron beam in the form of a conduction current in the primary electric circuit of the inductive winding L ₂ , which creates induction in MP 11 $${\text{B}}_{\text{MP2}}={\text{μ}}_{\text{MP}}{\text{I}}_{\text{ETC}}{\text{W}}_{\text{2}}\cdot \text{exp}\left({\text{jω}}_{\text{ρ}}\text{t}\right){\text{/ l}}_{\text{2}}$$

, and power S _l2 , transformed into a winding 16 and a network of consumers of electricity 13.

- скорость электронов, входящих в электрод торможения 9, создающих силу тока проводимости $$I_{ПР}=U_{Т}{Y}_{ПР}$$

, в электрической цепи, обладающей электропроводимостью $$Y_{ПР}={\left(g^2+{\left(b_L-b_C\right)}^2\right)}^{1/2}$$

,Here: $${\vartheta }_{eT}$$

- the speed of the electrons entering the braking electrode 9, creating the strength of the conduction current $$I_{PR}=U_T{Y}_{PR}$$

in an electrical circuit having electrical conductivity $$Y_{PR}={\left(g^2+{\left(b_L-b_C\right)}^2\right)}^{\mathrm{one}/2}$$

,

where g is the active conductivity of the inductance circuit L ₂ ;

W ₂ and l ₂ - the number of turns and the length of the magnetic circuit of the inductance winding L ₂ ;

b _L = 1 / ω _p L ₂ - inductive conductivity;

b _C = ω _p C _p2 is the capacitive conductivity of the electric circuit of the inductive winding L ₂ together with the capacitor C _P2 tuned to resonance at the operating frequency ω _r .

By adjusting the voltage across the inductance winding L _2, it is possible to set the degree of braking of the electron beam 3 and the amount of energy (power) taken from it, generated by induction V _MP2 and transmitted electricity to the on-board network 13.

The working electrodes 5 and the metal plates 7, insulated with each other by the dielectric 8, are capacitors C _5-7 , receiving a charge of compressible beams 3 through the capacity of the "double electric layer", because C _{5-7 is} connected in series with the electric capacitance of the "double electric layer" on the surface of the working cavity 6. When the electric capacitances are connected in series, their charges are the same. Therefore, the voltage U _5-7 on the capacitor C _5-7 will be in C _DES / C _5-6 times higher than the voltage of the "double electric layer" in the working cavity 6, which is 3-4 orders of magnitude.

U _5-7 = q _DES / C _5-7 = U _DES · C _DES / C _5-7 .

This voltage is applied to the inductance winding L _{3 of the} power transformer-converter made on MP 11, working in conjunction with the capacitor C _5-7 in the mode of voltage resonance, ω _p L ₃ = (ω _p C _5-7 ) ^-1 .

The power transmitted through this capacitor to the electric circuit L _{3 of the} power transformer-converter is converted into induction V _MP3 in MP 11 and is transformed into an on-board network 13.

; $$B_{МП3}={\mu }_{МП}{I}_{СМ}{W}_3\cdot \exp \left(j{\omega }_{\rho }t\right)/l_3$$

; $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S\; L"\; filenames="00000020.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S\; </figure-callout>}}_L=U_{5-7}^2\cdot {\omega }_P\cdot C_{5-7}=U_{5-7}^2/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\omega \; P\; L"\; filenames="00000020.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\omega \; </figure-callout>}}_P{L}_{}{}_3$$

; $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="B\; M\; P"\; filenames="00000020.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B\; </figure-callout>}}_{MP}={\mu }_{MP}{I}_{\mathrm{FROM}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="M\; W"\; filenames="00000020.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">M\; </figure-callout>}}{W}_{}{}_3\cdot \exp \left(j{\omega }_{\rho }t\right)/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="l"\; filenames="00000020.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_3$$

;

- сила тока смещения; $$I_{\mathrm{FROM}M}=U_{5-7}{\omega }_p{C}_{5-7}$$

- bias current strength;

W ₃ and l ₃ - the number of turns and the length of the magnetic circuit of the inductance L ₃ .

When changing the polarity of the half-wave voltage U _a , at the output anode A _{B of the} electron gun 2, under the action of the positive half-wave voltage, an electron beam is formed from which electric power is generated and induction V _MP1 + V _MP2 + B _MP3 = V _MP123 and electrodynamic traction in the other shoulder of the symmetrical electrical circuit STP, made on MP 11.

There is a two-half-time conversion of convection current, bias current, conduction current into induction, electrodynamic traction and electric power of the operating frequency of the on-board network 13.

After completing work in the STP electric circuit, the electrons arrive at the cathode of the electric arc K _ED , where they recombine cations into atoms and molecules of the working medium, again subjected to ionization by the electric arc, for the next cycle of induction B _MP123 , electrodynamic traction, generation of electricity and its transformation into airborne network 13.

The induction vector B _MP123 in the current winding 16 induces an induction emf, under the influence of which an electric current I _14-15 flows to the MP 11 between the electrode electrodes 14 and 15, orthogonal to the induction vector B _MP123 .

, движущий транспортное средство с соответствующим приращением скорости Δυ_T=F·t/m_T,The interaction of the orthogonal vectors V _MP123 and current I _14-15 in MP 11 creates an electrodynamic vector of the force pulse $$F\cdot t=\left[B_{MP123}\times I_{\mathrm{fourteen}-\mathrm{fifteen}}\right]=B_{MP123}^{2}Vh{\omega }_R\gamma \exp \left(j2{\omega }_{R}t\right)=m_T{\upsilon }_T$$

driving a vehicle with a corresponding increment of speed Δυ _T = F · t / m _T ,

where V is the volume of the magnetic circuit 11, V = s l,

s is the cross-sectional area of MP 11,

l is the length of the MP;

h is the distance between the electrode electrodes 14 and 15;

γ is the electrical conductivity of MP 11;

m _T is the mass of the vehicle [see L.A. Sen: Units of physical quantities and their dimensions. - M .: Science. 1977, p.119].

When installing the phase inverter current 17 in the "forward" mode, an impulse of force F _{t is created} , moving the object forward by the head part. When the reverse mode is set in the phase inverter 17, the current vector I _14-15 in MP 11 changes the direction to the opposite I _15-14 and accordingly changes the direction to the opposite electrodynamic vector of the force pulse F _t , and the vehicle moving forward will reduce the speed to zero and will start moving backward. When the phase inverter 17 is “neutral”, the current vector in the MP 11 between the electrode electrodes 14, 15 and, accordingly, the vector F _t will be equal to zero. All the electricity received from the electron beam 3 is transformed into the on-board network 13 and can be used to power other systems of the mobile device.

Thus, according to the proposed method for creating electrodynamic traction, the two-half-wave energy of the electron beam 3 is converted into induction in MP 11, into a force pulse (momentum) and electric power of convection currents, bias currents, conduction currents, transformed at the operating frequency ω _r into the on-board network 13.

The use of induction and capacitive conversion together with the conversion of the energy of the electron beam 3 into conduction currents significantly increases the utilization of energy (power) of the electron beam 3, increasing the amount of generated power of the generated electricity. In addition, a closed magnetic circuit eliminates the losses inherent in the prototype, therefore, the efficiency of the proposed method increases, the traction increases.

Claims (1)

A method of creating electrodynamic traction, which consists in the fact that the working substance is ionized by an electric arc in the orthogonal field of the arc of the anode field of the electron gun, forming electron beams from it, which are converted into an alternating conductivity current into the inductor winding in a half-wave circuit, in which the ferromagnetic magnetic circuit is excited alternating magnetic field with the corresponding induction vector, creating a current vector, the interaction of which creates the electrodynamic vector of the force pulse, a burning vehicle, characterized in that convection currents and conversions on the electric capacitance of the bias currents emitted from the electron beams are additionally converted to alternating current by means of magneto-induction conversion, and ensure the interaction of the magnetic induction vector of the closed magnetic circuit with the current vector flowing between the electrodes orthogonal to it, covering the external and internal surfaces of a closed magnetic circuit.

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