RU2578793C1 - Method to protect crops against harmful insects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to protection against destructive insects. Method of protection against insects before crops blossoming requires girder mounting. Girder is equipped at least with eight broadband, water-proof, acoustic radiators. Continuous and pulse acoustic signal are amplified and radiated. Signals emitted are of high energy, high gradient and bioresonance types. Harmful insects and their eggs are exposed to acoustic signals.

EFFECT: possibility of efficient, environmentally safe pest control.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of physics (and, in particular, to acoustics) and can be used: in agriculture - for efficient (high-quality, over a large area, a long time, in any weather and climate conditions, etc.), environmentally safe (for all other biological objects, humans and the environment, in general), with minimal financial and time costs, protection of crops (e.g. apples, etc.), from harmful insects (e.g., from the moth Laspeyresia pomonella L. ); effective protection of structures and equipment from their biological fouling; effective protection of agricultural products from birds, rodents, etc.

A known method of protecting crops from harmful insects, providing for the treatment of vegetative plants with preparations containing toxic substances, for example, Decis or Aktara [List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in the Russian Federation // Appendix to the journal Plant Protection and Quarantine, 2002 , No. 6, p. 38-42, p. 84-85].

The disadvantages of this method include:

1. Low medical safety for the person - the consumer of the product.

2. Low environmental safety for other biological objects and the environment (OPS) as a whole.

3. The application of stress to the protected plant.

4. High financial and time costs.

5. The dependence of the effectiveness of weather and climatic conditions, etc.

A known method of chemical protection of crops from harmful insects, characterized in that vegetative plants are treated with methylheptenone in an amount of 100-500 ml / ha / Marus I.Yu., Kaklyugin V.Ya., Imailov V.Ya. and others. A method of protecting crops from harmful insects. - Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2245038 from 12/10/2003, publ. 01/27/2005).

The disadvantages of this method include:

1. Low medical safety for the person - the consumer of the product.

2. Low environmental safety for other biological objects and OPS, in general.

3. The application of stress to the protected plant.

4. High financial and time costs.

5. The dependence of the effectiveness of weather and climatic conditions, etc.

A known method of protecting crops from harmful insects, involving the use of pheromones deposited on a dispenser, with the aim of disorienting pests [Emelyanov V.A., Bulyginskaya M.A. The use of fermons for the control of the apple moth Laspeyresia pomonella L. by the method of elimination and disorientation of males // Entomological Review, No. 3, 1999, v. 78, S. 555-564, 781].

The disadvantages of this method include:

1. Lack of effectiveness associated with a slight violation of the reproductive chemical communication of insects.

2. High financial and time costs.

3. The dependence of the effectiveness of weather and climatic conditions, etc.

A known method of protecting crops from harmful insects, involving the involvement of males of the target species in a composition containing pheromone and electrostatic powder, adhering to the cuticle and other parts of the body of insects. Pheromone on the male’s body causes adaptation of its receptors and disruption of the entire sensory system, and the male does not find the female. Such males are mobile pheromone dispensers and create a “fake pheromone trail”. Normal males try to contact the “treated” as a female and take on a part of the pheromone composition, thus distributing the pheromone in the pest population [Zelenskaya OM Rubanova E.V., Marinicheva V.A. Investigation of the physiological and biological foundations of containment of reproduction Agriotes tauricus HEYD. auto-disorientation method. // Collection of abstracts, scientific-practical conference "The contribution of fundamental scientific research to the development of the modern innovative economy of the Krasnodar Territory", Krasnodar, 2009, S. 33-34].

The disadvantages of this method include:

1. Lack of effectiveness associated with a slight violation of the reproductive chemical communication of insects.

2. High financial and time costs.

3. The dependence of the effectiveness of weather and climatic conditions, etc.

There is a method of protecting crops from harmful insects, involving the attraction and use as target pheromone carriers of the target pest of mass species of insects present in the cenosis, which allows the most effective reduction of the reproductive potential of the pest population as a result of a multiple increase in the number of carriers of the target pheromone sources, leading to increase the efficiency of disorientation of males and the loss of energy of the population of the target species [Ismailov V.Ya., Pankin AA, Zhur LEFT SI and others. A method of protecting crops from harmful insects. - RF patent No. 2424658 of 02/09/2010, publ. 07/27/2011].

The disadvantages of this method include:

1. Lack of efficiency associated with the number and biological activity of carriers of the source of pheromone of the target species.

2. High financial and time costs.

3. The dependence of the effectiveness of weather and climatic and external (for example, acoustic pollution, etc.) conditions, etc.

The problem that is solved by the invention is to develop a method free from the above disadvantages.

The technical result of the proposed method is effective: (high-quality, over a large area, for a long time, in any weather and climate conditions, etc.), environmentally friendly (for all other biological objects, humans and the environment, in general), with minimal financial and time costs, protecting crops, including the fruits of trees (e.g. apples), from harmful insects (e.g., from the moth Laspeyresia pomonella L.).

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the process of implementing the developed method for protecting crops from harmful insects, which consists in early flowering (before crops (crops)), installing a farm (construction with a minimum - to ensure maximum resistance to wind loads, windage): several - at least eight, directed - in all directions, broadband - from units of Hz to tens of kHz, splash-proof - capable of long periods of time in the rain, acoustic and emitters - at the top of crops, 200 m away from all borders of the protected garden plot, in the formation, amplification and emission of continuous and pulsed acoustic signals: energetic type - which have no informational value and cause discomfort in harmful insects, highly gradient type - with a sharp change in frequency: in the frequency range from units of Hz to tens of kHz and level: in the range of levels from 0 W to 250 W, and causing harmful conditions in harmful insects, as well as vibration sonically dropping eggs laid by them on the leaves of agricultural crops, of a bioresonant type - at a frequency close to the resonant frequency - 6 Hz, living cells of harmful insects and causing their death, by the action of continuous and pulsed acoustic signals of energetic, high-gradient and bioresonant types on harmful insects: at a distance of up to 500 m from acoustic emitters, and a violation of orientation (the ability to correctly choose the general direction of flight) in space is significant - more than 90% of the the running amount, part of harmful insects, and returning them, at a distance of up to 300 m from acoustic emitters, and creating the remaining insignificant - less than 10% of the initial amount, part of harmful insects uncomfortable (unwillingness to lay eggs) condition, and returning them, at a distance of up to 200 m from acoustic emitters, and the creation of a pain syndrome (desire to leave this space as soon as possible) for the remaining minimum - less than 1% of the initial amount, part of harmful insects, and their return, and distances of up to 100 m from acoustic emitters, and the death of a tiny part — less than 0.1% of the initial number of harmful insects, in the additional impact of continuous, pulsed acoustic signals of energy, high-gradient and bioresonance types on the all the same delayed minimum - less than 1% of the initial amount, partly of harmful insects, on the leaves of agricultural crops of the egg: at a distance of up to 200 m from acoustic emitters, and vibroacoustic discharge (mainly by pulsed acoustic signal ami) to the land significant - more than 90% of the initial number, eggs of harmful insects (with their subsequent death, or their eating by natural predators: ants, etc.), at a distance of up to 100 m from acoustic emitters, and fatal damage remaining insignificant - less than 10% of the initial amount, part of the eggs of harmful insects.

In FIG. 1-3 are structural diagrams of a device that implements the developed method for protecting crops from harmful insects. In this case: in FIG. 1 illustrates a structural diagram of a device as applied to the general principle of implementing the developed method for protecting crops from harmful insects; in FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a device as applied to a mobile mobile complex; in FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a device as applied to an acoustic module.

The device, as applied to the protection from harmful insects (for example, from the moth Laspeyresia pomonella L.) of fruit trees (for example, apple trees), contains: a protected garden (ZSU) plot (1) with an area of 40 thousand square meters (200 × 200 m = 40 thousand square meters, or 4 ha), with many - several hundred, apple trees (2): apple trees without leaves, flowers and fruits - (2 ₀ ), apple trees with leaves - (2 ₁ ), apple trees with leaves and flowers - (2 ₂ ), apple trees with leaves and fruits (2 ₃ ); one mobile mobile (MPC) complex (3) installed in the central part of the ZSU (1) in advance - before the mass flowering of apple trees (2 ₁ ), so that the distance to all external borders of the ZSU (1) does not exceed 200 m, and also the initial (4 ₀ ) cluster of the moth (4) - in the form of harmful insects (5): butterflies (5 ₀ ), further: eggs (5 ₁ ), caterpillars (5 ₂ ) and pupae (5 ₃ ). With an increase in the area of ZSU (1), the number of IPCs identical to each other (3) increases accordingly.

Wherein each IPC (3) comprises: an acoustic (ATM), the module (6) from the path (7) of forming, enhancing and continuing the emission of acoustic signals (TFUNIAS) energy, high-gradient and bioresonant signals at frequencies f _nen, f _HBr and f _CBB respectively, as well as with path (8) forming, amplification and pulse emission of the acoustic signals (TFUIIAS) energy, and high-gradient bioresonant signals at frequencies f _Ian, f and f _{IVG IBR} respectively; an electronic cabinet (9) in which AKM electronic devices are located (6); a source of electrical (IEE) energy (10), as well as an air-transparent farm (11). For example, as the IEE (10) can be used: a stationary source of electric energy - a power line, etc., or an autonomous source of electric energy - an autonomous generator with a capacity of at least 5 kW.

In turn, TFUNIAS (7) contains: parallel-in-series electrically connected: acoustic signal generator (18) at a frequency f _nen , acoustic signal generator (19) at a frequency f _nvg , acoustic signal generator (20) at a frequency f _nb , three-channel - according to the number of generators (18), (19) and (20), the first switch (21), a multi-channel (at least four channels) power amplifier (22) of acoustic signals at frequencies f _nen , f _nvg and f _nbr and several (not less than four - by the number of outputs of a multi-channel power amplifier) identical to each other and recipients (23) of acoustic signals at frequencies f _nen, f f _HBr and _HBr.

In turn, TFUIIAS (8) contains: parallel-in-series electrically connected: generator (24) of acoustic signals at a frequency f _ien , generator (25) of acoustic signals at a frequency f _ivg , generator (26) of acoustic signals at a frequency f _iber , three-channel - according to the number of generators (24), (25) and (26), the second switch (27), a multichannel (at least four channels) power amplifier (28) of acoustic signals at frequencies f _ien , f _ivg and f _iber and several (not less than four - by the number of outputs of a multi-channel power amplifier) identical to each other and recipients (29) of acoustic signals at frequencies f _Ian, f and f _{IVG IDB.}

A device that implements the developed method of protecting crops (for example, apple trees) from harmful insects (for example, from the moth Laspeyresia pomonella L.) operates as follows (Fig. 1-3).

Usually 5-10 days after the beginning of the mass flowering of apple trees, when the air temperature is above 15 ° C, there is no strong wind and rain, after sunset the mass movement (flight) of the accumulation (4) of harmful insects - butterflies (5 ₀ ) of gray color begins with a wingspan of 14-21 mm, in search of garden plots - places for laying eggs (5 ₁ ), as well as the subsequent appearance of caterpillars (5 ₂ ) and (5 ₃ ) pupae. Moreover, with the help of their internal organs and systems, they are easily oriented in space and move strictly in the direction of the garden plot.

Then, after finding a comfortable (with the absence of natural predators: ants, bugs, etc., with a minimum level of unpleasant sounds, vibrations, the absence of an unpleasant smell for them, etc.), butterflies (5 ₀ ) begin to lay their eggs ( 5 ₁ ) - up to 200 pcs. from one butterfly (5 ₀ ), one egg (5 ₁ ) per leaf of an apple tree (mainly on the lower side), avoiding (to avoid subsequent loss of eggs) how many (wet, vibrating, etc.) and pubescent leaves.

In comfortable conditions (in the absence of natural predators that can eat eggs; with a minimum level of vibration - when the eggs can detach from the leaves and fall to the ground, with a minimum level of biohazard sounds - when the reproduction of living cells can stop, etc.) eggs (grayish, pellet-like bodies, with a diameter of up to 1 mm) develop within 5-15 days, and subsequently caterpillars (5 ₂ ) with a body length of 12-18 mm, light pink (or yellowish-white) color with brown appear head.

Having deepened into the pulp of the fetus, the spawning caterpillar (5 ₂ ) closes the inlet with a cork of bits and makes a chamber where the first molt occurs. Secondly, the caterpillar (5 ₂ ) molts in the seed chamber of the fetus. Moreover: caterpillars (5 ₂ ) of the third age feed on seeds and pulp; caterpillars (5 ₂ ) of the fourth age lay back to the surface of the fetus, where they can pass to the second fetus. After the fourth molt, the caterpillars (5 ₂ ) finish feeding, leave the fetus and go to cocooning. Thus, the development period of caterpillars lasts from 22 days (in the south) to 45 days (in the north). Pupae (5 ₃₎ with a body length of 9-12 mm yellowish brown color developed 2-3 weeks.

In order to: completely upset - another 300 m to the borders of the ZSU (1), or 500 m from the center of the ZSU (1) and from acoustic emitters, the work of the internal organs (systems) of the butterflies (5 ₀ ) and make their correct orientation impossible in space, as well as to exclude the possibility of their movement strictly to the ZSU (1) and force a significant - more than 90% of the initial number, part of the butterflies (5 ₀ ) to change the path of their flight, up to a complete turn from the ZSU (1); make it uncomfortable - within a radius of 300 m from the center of the ZSU (1), being insignificant - less than 10% of the initial number, part of the butterflies (5 ₀ ), nevertheless having reached this milestone, make them: not make a decision to lay eggs (5 ₁ ) , turn around and leave ZSU (1); to make it painful - within a radius of 200 m from the center of the ZSU (1), even a short-term finding of the minimum - less than 1% of the initial number, part of the butterflies (5 ₀ ), nevertheless having reached this milestone, make them completely abandon the decision to lay eggs (5 ₁ ) and immediately leave the ZSU (1); make fatal - within a radius of 100 m from the center of the ZSU (1), even a short-term miserable location - less than 1% of the initial amount, part of butterflies (5 ₀ ), which nevertheless have reached this milestone; make it pointless - within a radius of 200 m from the center of the ZSU (1), lay eggs - because of their subsequent vibroacoustic discharge to the ground; make fatal - within a radius of 100 m from the center of the ZSU (1), even the short-term location of eggs (5 ₁ ) - because of their subsequent lethal damage (death).

For this, even before the mass flowering of apple trees in the central part of ZSU (1), an area of 40 thousand square meters. (40 thousand sq. M = 200 × 200 m, or 4 ha) with many - several hundred, apple trees with leaves - (2 ₁ ), set one IPC (3) so that the distance to all external borders of the ZSU (1 ) did not exceed 200 m. With an increase in the area of ZSU (1), the number of MPC (3) is correspondingly increased. For example: for an area of 16 hectares four IPCs (3) identical to each other will be required, etc.

At the same time, in the central part of the ZSU (1), an air-transparent (with minimum windage, to ensure high stability under intensive wind loads) farm (11) is installed, on which, at the tops of apple trees with leaves (2 ₁ ), several - at least eight (two acoustic emitters on each side) of acoustic emitters; four acoustic emitters (23) TFUIIAS (7) AKM (6) and four acoustic emitters (29) TFUIIAS (8) AKM (6).

In the immediate vicinity of the translucent truss (11), an electronic cabinet (9) is installed (for example, for the convenience of servicing electronic devices mounted on the translucent truss), in which the TFMUNIAS (7) and TFUIIAS (8) AKM electronic devices are placed (6).

In the immediate vicinity of the translucent farm (11), an IEE (10) is also installed. In this case, if possible, use a stationary (for example, junction box from the power line) source of electrical energy. Otherwise, use a backup (for example, a diesel generator with an electric power of at least 5 kW and a reserve of diesel fuel) source of electrical energy.

Then, using parallel-connected electrically connected generator (18) of acoustic signals at a frequency f _nen , generator (19) of acoustic signals at a frequency f _nvg and generator (20) of acoustic signals at a frequency f _nbf TFUNIAS (7) AKM (6), acoustic signals are generated at frequencies f _nen , f _nvg and f _nbr . Next, acoustic signals at frequencies f _nen , f _nvg and f _{nbr are} simultaneously fed to the corresponding three inputs of the first switch (21), in which, according to the law of random numbers, to exclude the butterflies (50) getting used to the same type of signals, one of three acoustic signals is selected signals at frequencies f _nen , or f _nvg , or f _nbr . From the output of the first switch (21), one of the three acoustic signals at frequencies f _nen , or f _nvg, or f _{nbr is} fed to a multi-channel (at least 4 channels-by the number of emitters) power amplifier (22) FUNIAS (7) AKM ( 6).

Then, signals amplified to a maximum level at frequencies f _nen , or f _nvg , or f _{nbr are} simultaneously fed to several (at least four - by the number of outputs of a multi-channel power amplifier) acoustic emitters (23) identical to each other at frequencies f _nen , f _nvg and f _NBR , with the help of which radiation is carried out in all four cardinal directions at the level (the axes of the radiation patterns of the emitters coincide with the line of the tops of apple trees) of the tops of apple trees with leaves (2)).

Simultaneously, by means of parallel electrically connected to the generator (24) of acoustic signals at the frequency f _Ian generator (25) of acoustic signals at the frequency f _IVG and generator (26) of acoustic signals at the frequency f _IBR TFUIIAS (8) ATM (6) is carried out the formation of acoustic signals at frequencies f _ian , f _ivg and f _iber . Next, acoustic signals at frequencies f _yen , f _ivg and f _{ibr are} simultaneously fed to the corresponding three inputs of the second switch (27), in which, according to the law of random numbers, to exclude the butterflies (50) getting used to the same type of signals, one of three acoustic signals is selected signals at frequencies f _ian or f _ivg or f _iber . From the output of the second switch (27), one of three acoustic signals at frequencies: f _IEN or f _IVG or f _{IBR is} fed to a multi-channel (at least 4 channels - by the number of emitters) power amplifier (28) TFUIIAS (8) AKM (6 )

Then, signals amplified to a maximum level at frequencies f _yen or f _ivg or f _{ibr are} simultaneously fed to several (at least four - by the number of outputs of a multi-channel power amplifier) acoustic emitters (29) identical to each other at frequencies f _yen , f _ivg and f _Iber , with the help of which radiation is carried out in all four cardinal directions at the level (the axes of the radiation patterns of the emitters coincide with the line of the tops of apple trees) of the tops of apple trees with leaves (2 ₁ ).

Under the influence of continuous acoustic signals at frequencies f _nen , f _nvg and f _nbbr , as well as pulsed acoustic signals at frequencies f _nen , f _nvg and f _nbbr propagating in space in a radius of up to 1000 m from acoustic emitters (23): in a radius of 500 m from acoustic emitters (23) completely frustrate the work of internal organs and butterfly systems (5 ₀ ), make it impossible to have a correct orientation in space, exclude the possibility of moving strictly to ZSU (1) and force a significant - more than 90% of the initial number, some butterflies (5 ₀ ) completely change the trajectory of its flight, up to a complete turn from the ZSU (1); within a radius of 300 m from acoustic emitters (23) they make it uncomfortable to find insignificant - less than 10% of the initial number, part of the butterflies (5 ₀ ), which nevertheless have reached this milestone, and cause them not to decide to lay eggs (5 ₁ ) and leave this area immediately; in a radius of up to 200 m from acoustic emitters (23), even a short-term finding of a minimum — less than 1% of the initial amount, part of the butterflies (50) that nevertheless reached this milestone — makes them immediately leave the ZSU (1); in a radius of up to 100 m from acoustic emitters (23), even a short-term miserable stay of less than 1% of the initial amount, part of butterflies (50), which nevertheless reached this milestone, is detrimental.

In addition, they make it pointless - within a radius of 200 m from the center of the ZSU (1), to lay eggs - because of their subsequent vibro-acoustic discharge to the ground; make fatal - within a radius of 100 m from the center of the ZSU (1), even the short-term location of eggs (5 ₁ ) due to their subsequent lethal damage (death). Wherein:

1. High-quality (with high efficiency) protection of crops from harmful insects is ensured by the fact that:

- acoustic impact is carried out at several conventional boundaries of protection: ultra-long (500 m from acoustic emitters); distant (300 m from acoustic emitters); middle (200 m from acoustic emitters) and near (100 m from acoustic emitters);

- acoustic effect is carried out simultaneously on internal systems, internal organs and cells;

- for acoustic impact using various types of signals: energy, high-gradient and bioresonant;

- acoustic impact is carried out simultaneously in continuous and pulsed radiation of energy, high-gradient and bioresonance signals;

- the choice of certain acoustic signals is carried out according to the law of random numbers, etc.

2. Over a large area, crops are protected from harmful insects due to the fact that:

- for acoustic impact, they use, among other things, signals of the infrasonic frequency range (ECD) - below 20 Hz, and the low sound frequency range (NCR) - from 20 Hz to 2000 Hz, extending to significant (units km - for the ECD, hundreds of meters - for NZDCH) distances;

- acoustic radiation is carried out at the level of crowns of crops, etc.

3. For a long time, the protection of crops from harmful insects is ensured by the fact that:

- the quality of the acoustic effects do not change over time. Moreover, it is increased - due to the peculiar training of harmful insects: at first a characteristic signal is heard, then (as it approaches) it becomes uncomfortable, then (as it approaches) it becomes painful, and then (as it approaches) a non-lethal or lethal lesion occurs. As a result, harmful insects, having heard a characteristic signal, immediately change their flight path or turn back;

- carry out in time not only the acoustic crowding out of the butterflies, but also the reduction of their numbers (due to non-lethal damage - they can no longer have offspring, and lethal damage - they die);

- carry out in time not only the defeat (non-lethal and lethal) of the butterflies, but also the eggs laid by them, etc.

4. In any weather and climate conditions, the protection of crops from harmful insects is ensured by the fact that:

- the quality of the acoustic impact does not change with changing weather and climate conditions. Moreover, it is increased (in intensity, in range): in fog, dew or rain - due to an increase in the wave resistance of the air;

- the quality of the vibro-acoustic effect on eggs laid on leaves during fog, dew or rain is even increased by reducing friction (leaves become more slippery), etc.

5. Ecological safety (for all other biological objects, humans and the environment, in general) protect crops from harmful insects due to the fact that:

- use directional acoustic emitters;

- acoustic radiation is carried out at the level of the crowns of crops;

- the frequency range and intensity of the acoustic signals is chosen safe for all other biological objects, humans and OPS, in general;

- use commercially available and medically certified musical equipment manufactured in the countries of the European Union (Germany, Italy, etc.), etc.

6. The minimum financial costs for the protection of crops from harmful insects are ensured by the fact that:

- use elements of commercially available equipment;

- due to the knowledge of characteristic acoustic signals simplify circuitry;

- consumables are completely absent (for example, reagents, etc.);

- the energy consumption for the protection of ZSU with an area of 40,000 square meters (4 ha) is 48 kW per day (from the calculation of nighttime work for 12 hours);

- acoustic equipment operates in standalone mode and does not require the presence of an operator, etc.

7. The minimum time spent on protecting crops from harmful insects is ensured by the fact that:

- IPC mobility allows you to install (deploy) it during the day;

- acoustic equipment operates in standalone mode and does not require the presence of an operator, etc.

Distinctive features of the proposed method are:

1. Advance - before the beginning of their flowering, protection of crops from harmful insects.

2. Physical - without the use of chemical and biological preparations, protecting crops from harmful insects.

3. High-performance - at the same time over a large area, protecting crops from harmful insects.

4. High-quality - with high (100% - within a radius of 100 m, 99% - within a radius of 200 m, 90% - within a radius of 300 m) efficiency, protection of crops from harmful insects.

5. Omnidirectional - from all sides, as well as from above and below the protection of crops from harmful insects.

6. All-weather - with fog, dew, rain, etc., protection of crops from harmful insects.

7. Diverse - at the same time from butterflies and eggs laid by them, protecting crops from harmful insects.

8. Automatic - without the presence of maintenance personnel, protecting crops from harmful insects.

9. Highly reliable - without the effect of addiction to it from harmful insects, crop protection, etc.

The presence of distinctive features from the prototype features allows us to conclude that the proposed method meets the criterion of "novelty."

An analysis of the known technical solutions in order to detect the indicated distinctive features in them showed the following.

Signs 4, 6, 7, and 9 are new, and their use to protect crops from harmful insects is unknown.

Signs 2, 3, and 8 are new, and their use to protect crops from harmful insects is unknown. At the same time, it is known: for symptom 2, the use of acoustic waves to deter blood-sucking insects (mosquitoes, etc.); for sign 3 - the propagation in air of acoustic waves from the EDI and NFD frequencies over significant distances; for sign 8 - the operation of acoustic equipment without staff.

Signs 1 and 5 is known.

Thus, the presence of new significant features, together with the known ones, ensures the appearance of the proposed solution with a new property that does not coincide with the properties of the known technical solutions - it is effective: high-quality, over a large area, for a long time, in any weather and climate conditions, etc. ., environmentally friendly for all other biological objects, humans and OPS, with minimal financial and time costs, to protect crops from harmful insects.

In this case, we have a new set of features and their new relationship, moreover, it’s not a simple combination of new features and already known ones, but the execution of operations in the proposed sequence leads to a qualitatively new effect. This circumstance allows us to conclude that the developed method meets the criterion of "significant differences".

An example implementation of the method

Semi-industrial tests of the developed method of protecting apple trees from harmful insects - from the codling moth Laspeyresia pomonella L., were carried out in Russia: from 2008 to 2010. - in the Bryansk region.

The simplest test method was that in a given sector, voiced by acoustic signals, at a distance of 100 m, 200 m, 300 m and 500 m from two acoustic emitters (one of which worked in continuous mode, and the other in pulsed mode) three control apple trees were selected (12 in total). At the same time, in the opposite sector, not voiced by acoustic signals, also at the distance of 100 m, 200 m, 300 m and 500 m, three control apple trees (12 in total) were selected. In this case, on each of the apple trees (the subjects — only 12 pcs., And the control — only 12 pcs.) The following were counted: the number (pieces and%) of moth moths, the number (pieces and%) of moth caterpillars and the number (pieces and%) of damaged moths apples.

In FIG. Figures 4-7 illustrate, in the form of histograms, the results of semi-industrial tests demonstrating the particular effectiveness of protecting apples from caterpillars of the codling moth at a distance of 500 m, 300 m, 200 m and 100 m from acoustic emitters, respectively.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, at a distance of 500 m from the emitters, private indicators of protection efficiency (the absence of apples with caterpillars) were: 13% in the wild, 78% in the closest analogue (65% gain in relation to natural conditions) and 83% in the developed one method (winnings: 70% - in relation to natural conditions; 5% - in relation to the closest analogue).

As can be seen from FIG. 5, at a distance of 300 m from the emitters, the private indicators of protection efficiency were: 13% in vivo, 78% in the closest analogue (65% gain in relation to natural conditions), and 93% in the developed method (wins: 80% - in relation to natural conditions; 15% - in relation to the closest analogue).

As can be seen from FIG. 6, at a distance of 200 m from the emitters, the private indicators of protection efficiency were: 13% in the natural environment, 78% in the closest analogue (65% gain in relation to natural conditions) and 99% in the developed method (winnings: 86% - in relation to natural conditions; 21% - in relation to the closest analogue).

As can be seen from FIG. 7, at a distance of 100 m from the emitters, the private indicators of protection efficiency were: 13% in vivo, 78% in the closest analogue (86% gain in relation to natural conditions) and 100% in the developed method (wins: 87% - in relation to natural conditions; 22% - in relation to the closest analogue).

In this way:

1. High-quality (with high efficiency) protection of crops from harmful insects was achieved due to the fact that:

- acoustic impact was carried out at several conventional boundaries of protection;

- acoustic impact was carried out simultaneously on internal systems, internal organs and cells of harmful insects;

- for the acoustic impact used various types of signals: energy, high-gradient and bioresonant;

- acoustic impact was carried out simultaneously in continuous and pulsed radiation of energy, high-gradient and bioresonant signals;

- the choice of certain acoustic signals was carried out according to the law of random numbers, etc.

2. Over a large area, the protection of crops from harmful insects was achieved due to the fact that:

- for acoustic impact, they used, among other things, signals of EHF and NZDCH, extending over considerable distances;

- acoustic radiation was carried out at the level of crowns of crops, etc.

3. For a long time, the protection of crops from harmful insects was achieved due to the fact that:

- the quality of the acoustic impact did not change over time;

- carried out not only the acoustic displacement of butterflies, but also a decrease in their numbers;

- carried out in time not only the defeat of butterflies, but also eggs laid by them, etc.

4. In any weather and climate conditions, the protection of crops from harmful insects was achieved due to the fact that:

- the quality of the acoustic impact was not changed with changing weather and climate conditions;

- the quality of the vibroacoustic effect on eggs laid on leaves during the period of fog, dew or rain was even increased, etc.

5. Ecological safety (for all other biological objects, humans and the environment, in general), the protection of crops from harmful insects were achieved due to the fact that:

- used directional acoustic emitters;

- acoustic radiation was carried out at the level of the crowns of crops;

- the frequency range and intensity of the acoustic signals was chosen safe for all other biological objects, humans and OPS, in general;

- used commercially available and medically certified musical equipment manufactured in the countries of the European Union, etc.

6. The minimum financial costs for the protection of crops from harmful insects were provided due to the fact that:

- used elements of commercially available equipment;

- due to the knowledge of characteristic acoustic signals simplified circuitry;

- completely absent consumables;

- power consumption for 4 ha was 40 kW / day;

- the acoustic equipment worked offline, etc.

7. The minimum time spent on protecting crops from harmful insects was ensured by the fact that:

- installed IPC during the day;

- the acoustic equipment worked offline and did not require the presence of an operator, etc.

Claims (1)

A way to protect crops from harmful insects, which consists in setting up a farm in advance, before the flowering of crops, with several - at least eight, directed in all directions, broadband - from units of Hz to tens of kHz, splash-proof - capable of being in the rain for a long time, acoustic emitters at the top of crops, 200 m away from all borders of the protected garden area, in the formation, amplification and emission of continuous and pulsed ac energy-type acoustic signals - which have no informational value and cause discomfort in harmful insects, high-gradient type - with a sharp change in frequency, in the frequency range from units of Hz to tens of kHz, and level, in the level range from 0 W to 250 W, causing harmful insects pain state, as well as vibroacoustic discharging eggs laid by them on the leaves of agricultural crops, bioresonance type - at a frequency close to the resonant frequency of 6 Hz, living cells of harmful insects, calling their death, in the action of continuous, pulsed acoustic signals of energetic, high-gradient, and bioresonance types on harmful insects at a distance of up to 500 m from acoustic emitters and disturbance of spatial orientation is significant - more than 90% of the initial amount, part of harmful insects, and their return back , at a distance of up to 300 m from acoustic emitters, and creating the remaining insignificant - less than 10% of the initial amount, part of the harmful insects uncomfortable state, and their return On the other hand, at a distance of up to 200 m from the acoustic emitters, and the creation of a pain syndrome in the remaining minimum - less than 1% of the initial amount, part of harmful insects, and their return, at a distance of up to 100 m from the acoustic emitters, and a lethal defeat of the tiny part - less than 0.1% of the initial number of harmful insects, in the additional exposure to continuous and pulsed acoustic signals of energy, high-gradient and bioresonance types on the all the same pending minimum - less than 1% of the initial quantity TWA, partly of harmful insects on the leaves of agricultural crops, eggs, at a distance of up to 200 m from acoustic emitters, and vibroacoustic dropping to the ground is significant - more than 90% of the initial number, eggs of harmful insects, at a distance of up to 100 m from acoustic emitters, and fatal injury remaining insignificant - less than 10% of the initial amount, part of the eggs of harmful insects.

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