RU2577758C2 - Method for producing combined three-layer personal protective dental splint - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, particularly orthopaedic dentistry, and is intended for making individual protective dental braces (trays). Full anatomic impressions of jaws are obtained. Upon impressions plaster models are cast, and protective braces limits are marked. Obtained models are plastered in occluder in central occlusion position. Upper jaw model together with detachable socle platform is removed from articulator and placed in thermoforming apparatus under compressed air pressure. Plate is selected of ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer and fixed in apparatus. Plate is heated until condition of its sagging in central part to 12-20 mm depth. Heated plate is placed upon dental model. Working model is removed to cut first layer at previously marked limits. On inner surface of plate obtained, intermediate layer of polymer plastic is applied. Intermediate layer thickness ranges 1 mm to 4 mm, and may vary depending on purpose of brace. Said polymer plastic layer shall not reach to inner layer edge of marked plate limits. Distance from inner layer edge to intermediate layer edge should be 5 mm. Upon working model with inner and intermediate layers, outer layer is formed. Shift for 5 mm of intermediate layer from limits of inner layer makes possible adhesion of ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer layers along whole perimeter of individual protective dental brace. To achieve adhesion of inner and outer layers, working model with brace is fixed in articulator and uniformly heated on antagonist teeth side. Articulator is closed until lower teeth overlapping for not more than 1/3. Edges of manufactured brace are ground and polished. Finished plate is washed and disinfected.

EFFECT: method, due to its design features, enables more effective prevention of maxillofacial injuries.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to orthopedic dentistry, and relates to materials for the manufacture of individual protective dental splints (mouthguards) for the prevention of injuries of the maxillofacial region in athletes participating in contact sports. A protective splint covers the dentition, part of the hard palate and the vestibular slopes of the alveolar processes of the upper jaw to the transitional fold of the vestibule of the oral cavity. From the side of the teeth of the lower jaw, retention points are located to hold the lower jaw in the position of the central ratio. Blanks in the form of disks or squares consist of a copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate with a layer thickness of 1 to 5 mm and shore hardness A of 78 to 85 units. Plates during thermoforming under pressure of compressed air on a gypsum model form the inner and outer layer of a protective tooth splint. Additionally, between the inner and outer layers of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate there is a layer of material 1-4 mm thick on the vestibular side with overlapping cutting edges of the frontal groups of teeth, not more than 1/3. In combination with the intermediate layer, the shock absorber increases shock absorption, transmission and even load distribution are improved, both over the entire dentition and the alveolar process of the jaw. For the middle layer of the protective bus, various types of polymer plastics that are approved for use in medicine can be used.

To prevent injuries of the maxillofacial region, dentoalveolar system and reduce the risk of developing epileptic syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, as well as Parkinsonism and early dementia caused by concussion, it is advisable to use personal protective equipment in combination with protective dental splints. Protective dental splints can reduce the risk of these complications and injuries by means of absorption of shock kinetic energy, which acts primarily on the body of the jaw or directly on the dentition itself. By splinting teeth and holding the jaw in a central ratio, protective dental splints can prevent aspiration of the respiratory tract by fragments of hard tissues of the teeth and protect the soft tissues of the lips and cheeks from injuries on the cutting edges of the teeth or chewing tubercles, as well as damage by their fragments.

Known sports dental tires made of polymer structural material that cover the dentition of the upper jaw, part of the hard palate and the vestibular slopes of the alveolar processes to the transition folds of the vestibule of the oral cavity, and on the lower jaw - tubercles and cutting edges of the teeth, the tires are made of polymer structural material with a hardness of 75 units according to Shore A. The thickness of the vestibular surface is 6 mm, and the occlusal and palatine surfaces are 4 mm; the front section of the tire has an additional layer of structural material with a thickness of 2 mm [1]. This tire technology is selected as the prototype.

The disadvantage of this material is the lack of rigidity of the material around the perimeter.

Known materials for the manufacture of sports dental (boxing) tires [2]. Silicone compositions are used, for example Boxing-Extra, a material for boxing tires. It is a filled silicone composition including silicone rubber SKTNSS-b-Med-brand AS, TU 2294-066-00151963-2000, modified aerosil AM-1-300, TU 6-18-185-79, zinc oxide GOST 10267-73 brand HCh-paste No. 1, silicone rubber SKTNSS-b-Med-brand BS, TU 2294-066-00151963-2000, modified aerosil AM-1-300, TU 6-18-185-79, zinc oxide GOST 10267-73 brand ХЧ-paste No. 2, in the following ratio of components (parts by weight):

The disadvantage of this material is the lack of rigidity of the material.

Known material for sports dental tires based on two-component pastes with the addition of fused ground quartz and microspheres in the following ratio of components, parts by weight:

Ground fused quartz TU 0284409-141-89 and microspheres MS VP TU 6-48-91-92 provide the necessary rigidity. The microspheres of MS VP TU 6-48-91-92 are glass shells of regular spherical shape with a diameter of 15-100 microns, are used as a multifunctional filler of high-quality composite materials [3]

The disadvantage of this material is the presence of fused ground quartz and glass microspheres. They can damage both the oral mucosa and the hard tissues of the teeth.

Known sports dental tires made of elastic plastic, covering the dentition on the upper jaw, hard palate and vestibular slope of the alveolar processes, and on the lower jaw - teeth to the equator; the tires are made taking into account a gap of 0.5 mm over the entire surface of the tooth crown restored with the structural material [4].

The disadvantage of this material is the lack of stiffness parameters in the description. Also a drawback is the overlapping of the lower teeth to the equator, which makes it difficult to open the mouth.

Known individual sports dental tire made of elastic plastic. This splint covers the dentition, hard palate and vestibular slope of the alveolar processes on the upper jaw, and teeth to the equator on the lower jaw. This design differs from similar ones in that only the lateral groups of teeth of the lower jaw are blocked to the equator, and the height of the front part of the tire is 2-4 mm less than the physiological rest of the patient [5].

The disadvantage of this material is the lack of description of rigidity and a monolithic structure. The design of the protective tire, made of several layers of structural material, will achieve the desired stiffness.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of prevention of injuries of the maxillofacial region, concussion and injuries of the temporomandibular joint. Achieving the goal is possible due to the design features of the new tire. For the manufacture of an individual protective dental tire, three layers of structural material are used, two of which consist of a copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate, and the inner layer has a difference in hardness and thickness.

An individual protective dental tire with these design features is designed for use in all sports where the prevention of the mentioned injuries is required, which is achieved due to the fact that the thickness and hardness of the tire can be changed during manufacture depending on the specific application. Overlapping the cutting edge of the frontal group of teeth with a new tire will avoid chipping the cutting edge and transverse fractures of the tooth crown.

In FIG. 1 arrows show the layers of a combined three-layer individual protective dental splint. An intermediate layer 2 of polymer plastic is applied to the inner surface 3 of the manufactured plate, after which the model with the inner and intermediate layers is coated with the outer layer 1. Thereby, strong adhesion between layers 3 and 1 over the entire boundary of the combined three-layer individual protective tooth splint with a width of 5 mm .

A combined three-layer individual protective tooth splint from a material based on a copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate is made as follows.

Full anatomical impressions from the upper and lower jaws are obtained. Gypsum models are cast on the impressions and the boundaries of the protective tires are marked on them. The resulting models are cast into the occluder in the central occlusion position. The model of the upper jaw together with a removable basement is removed from the articulator and placed in the apparatus for thermoforming under pressure of compressed air.

A plate is selected from a copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate and fixed in the apparatus. The plate is heated to a state of sagging in the central part to a depth of 12-20 mm. The heated plate is lowered onto the gypsum model. Under air pressure, the plate takes the shape of the dentition, alveolar bone and palate. The working model is removed and the first layer is cut along the previously marked boundary.

An intermediate layer of polymer plastic is applied to the inner surface of the manufactured plate. The thickness of the intermediate layer is from 1 to 4 mm and may vary depending on the purpose of the tire. The specified layer of polymer plastic should not reach the edge of the inner layer marked at the border of the plate. The distance from the edge of the inner layer to the edge of the intermediate layer should be 5 mm.

An outer layer is formed on a working model with an inner and an intermediate layer. A 5 mm spacing of the intermediate layer from the boundaries of the inner layer allows the adhesion of layers of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer around the entire perimeter of the individual protective tooth splint. To achieve adhesion of the inner and outer layers, the working model with the tire is fixed in the articulator and evenly warmed from the teeth of the antagonists. The articulator is closed until the lower teeth overlap no more than 1/3. The edges of the manufactured tire are ground and polished. The finished plate is washed and disinfected.

Information sources

1. Patent No. 2424027 of the Russian Federation. IPC A63B 71/00. Sports Dental Tires. / Ibragimov T.I., Khan A.V. / GOU VPO "Moscow State Medical and Dental University of the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development." - Application No. 201025896/12 of 06.25.2010. - Publ. 07/20/2011.

2. Patent No. 54935 UA. IPC 7 C08L 83/04. Material for boxing tires. / Golik V.P. and others. Byul. No. 3, 2003.

3. Patent No. 2302853 of the Russian Federation. IPC A61K 6/093. Material for sports dental tires. / Arutyunov S.D., Ibragimov T.I. etc. / GOU VPO "Moscow State Medical and Dental University of the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development." - Application No. 201025896/12 of 06.22.2005. - Publ. 07/20/2007.

4. Patent No. 2306163 of the Russian Federation. IPC A63V 71/08, A61C 13/00. Sports Dental Tires. / Arutyunov S.D., Kuznetsov V.V., Abovyan R.A. / GOU VPO "Moscow State Medical and Dental University of the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development." - Application No. 2005119250/12 of 06.22.2005. - Publ. 09/20/2007.

5. Patent No. 2509589 of the Russian Federation. IPC A63V 71/08, A61C 13/00. Individual sports tooth splint. / Peregudov A.B., Savelyev V.V. / Savelyev V.V. - Application No. 2005119250/12 of 06.22.2012. - Publ. 03/20/2014.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing a combined three-layer individual protective dental splint, comprising manufacturing a splint on the full anatomical impressions of the upper and lower jaws from a polymer construction material covering the dentition on the upper jaw, part of the hard palate and vestibular slopes of the alveolar processes to the transition fold of the vestibule of the oral cavity, on the lower jaw - tubercles and cutting edges of the teeth, characterized in that gypsum models are cast on the impressions and the boundaries of the protective tires are marked on them, the obtained gypsum models put in the occluder in the central occlusion position, the model of the upper jaw together with a removable basement is removed from the articulator and placed in the apparatus for thermoforming under pressure of compressed air, a plate is selected from a copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate and fixed in the apparatus, it is heated to a state of sagging in the central part to a depth of 12 to 20 mm, the heated plate is lowered onto the gypsum model, the working model is removed and the first layer is cut along the previously marked border, the inner surface is made the plates apply an intermediate layer of polymer plastic with a thickness of 1 to 4 mm depending on the purpose of the tire so that it does not reach the edge of the inner layer marked at the border of the 5 mm plate, the working model with the inner and intermediate layer is fixed in the articulator and the outer layer is formed with the adhesion of layers of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer along the entire tire perimeter, uniformly warming the tire from the side of antagonist teeth, close the articulator until no more than 1/3 of the lower teeth overlap, the edges of the manufactured tire are ground and polished liruyut ready bus washed and disinfected.

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