RU2574174C1 - Method and device for continuous cementation of electropositive metals of acid liquor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method implemented in this device comprises the steps that follow. Cementation reaction chamber 1 is prepared and composed of a truncated cone converging downward, its lower part being provided with distribution grating 2. Parts 3 of reducing metal, for example, as balls or scrap and placed into said chamber 1 and acid solution fountain is forced therein via said distribution grating 2 from below. Note here that the speed of fountain stream at the reaction chamber inlet is five times higher than that of fluidizing of parts 3. Then, metal suspension is drained from the top part 7 of reaction chamber 1 and cemented at the surface of parts 3. Said suspension is withdrawn therefrom at collision of the latter.

EFFECT: simplified process, sufficient extraction degree and quantity of extracted metal.

13 cl, 1 dwg, 1 ex

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the field of hydrometallurgy and can be used for the extraction of metals in the chemical and mining industries, as well as in agriculture and in wastewater treatment, for example, for the extraction of copper from sulfate solutions.

State of the art

Currently, various methods for the extraction of metals from solutions are known.

RF patent No. 2007481 (publ. February 15, 1994) describes a device for cementing metals from solutions, in which a rotating drum loaded through an end hopper is installed in a horizontal cylinder, and the solution is supplied through a nozzle at the opposite end.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2070587 (publ. 20.12.1996) a multi-stage process of cementation of metals with the oncoming movement of the solution and cementate in the form of iron powder is described.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2503731 (publ. 10.01.2014) disclosed is a method for the extraction of nickel, in which the reaction mixture is exposed to microwave radiation.

All these technical solutions are very complex and do not provide a sufficient degree of extraction and the required quality of the recoverable metal.

The closest analogue can be considered described in US patent No. 3994721 (publ. 30.11.1976) a method of cementing a metal from a solution in which the solution is supplied from below to the conical bottom of the cylinder loaded with granules of another metal. As a result, the upward flow of the solution creates a fluidized bed of granules, accelerating cementation. In this case, the pressure under the conical bottom is measured, and the contents of the cylinder are mixed with rotating blades. The use of mixing blades complicates this technical solution.

Disclosure of invention

The present invention solves the problem of simplifying the production of cemented metal while maintaining both a sufficient degree of extraction and the required quality of the recoverable metal.

To achieve the technical result, the first object of the present invention provides a method for continuous cementation of electropositive metal from an acidic solution, comprising the steps of: performing a reaction chamber designed for cementation, in the form of a truncated tapering downward cone, the lower part of which is equipped with a distribution grid; parts from a metal reducing agent are placed in the reaction chamber; fed into the reaction chamber from below through the said distribution grid an acidic solution in the form of a hydro-fountain, the flow rate of which at the inlet of the reaction chamber exceeds no more than five times the velocity of the fluidized parts; a suspension of a metal is cemented from the upper part of the reaction chamber, cementing on the surface of said parts and being removed from it when they collide.

A feature of this method is that a truncated cone can have a taper of 35 to 152 degrees.

Another feature of this method is that parts can be added to said reaction chamber as the pressure of the liquid circulating in it decreases.

Another feature of this method is that pressure can be measured under the distribution grid. At the same time, balls or metal scrap can be used as parts.

Finally, another feature of this method is that it may further comprise steps in which: the metal suspension is concentrated after it is discharged from the reaction chamber; remove the metal formed during cementation in the form of cake; clarify the liquid remaining after precipitation.

To achieve the same technical result, a second object of the present invention provides a device for continuous cementation of electropositive metal from an acidic solution, comprising: a reaction chamber in the form of a truncated cone tapering downward; a distribution grid installed in the lower part of the reaction chamber; metal reducing parts placed above the distribution grid; a pipeline for supplying an acidic solution to the bottom of the reaction chamber; a pump designed to create a hydro-fountain from an acid solution in the reaction chamber, the flow rate of which at the inlet of the reaction chamber is no more than five times higher than the flow rate of the fluidization of parts; a drain hole located in the upper part of the reaction chamber for draining a suspension of metal cemented on the surface of the parts and removed from it when they collide.

A feature of this device is that a truncated cone can be made with a taper of 35 to 152 degrees.

Another feature of this device is that the parts can be made in the form of balls or metal scrap.

Another feature of this device is that it can additionally contain a pressure gauge under the distribution grid.

Another feature of this device is that it can additionally contain a means of adding parts to the reaction chamber while lowering the pressure gauge below a predetermined threshold.

Another feature of this device is that it can additionally contain a separation chamber having a fluid connection with a drain hole and designed to deposit metal from the suspension.

Finally, another feature of this device is that it can additionally contain a clarification chamber designed to clarify the liquid remaining after the separation chamber.

Detailed Description of Embodiments

The proposed method for continuous cementation of electropositive metal from an acidic solution is implemented in a device, a conventional diagram of which is shown in the attached drawing.

This device contains a reaction chamber 1, designed for cementation and made in the form of a tapered tapering truncated cone, the lower part of which is provided with a distribution grid 2. Above this distribution grid 2, parts 3 of a reducing metal are placed. The type of this reducing metal, as is known to specialists, depends on which metal is to be obtained from the solution. So, if you need to get copper, the reducing metal will be iron, for noble metals it will be zinc, to get silver from cyanide solutions, the reducing metal will be aluminum.

Below is an example of obtaining copper using parts 3 in the form of steel balls or iron scrap.

A conduit 4 is provided to the bottom of the reaction chamber 1 (to the distribution grid 2), for supplying an acidic solution to the reaction chamber 1. This solution (for example, sulfate) containing copper ions is supplied by means of a pump 5 from the reservoir 6.

The pump 5 is designed to create a hydro-fountain from an acid solution in the reaction chamber 1, so that the entire device can be called hydro-fountain. An important parameter of the method and device of the present invention is the current velocity of this acidic solution: at the inlet of the reaction chamber 1, it is no more than five times the speed of the fluidization stream of parts 3.

The reaction chamber 1 has a drain hole 7 located in its upper part and designed to drain a suspension of metal, cemented on the surface of parts 3 and removed from it when they collide. This suspension through a suitable pipeline enters the separation chamber 8, intended for the deposition of metal from the suspension. An outlet 9 is provided in the separation chamber 8 for removing precipitated copper.

In FIG. 1, a clarification chamber not intended to clarify the liquid remaining after the separation chamber 8. is not shown. In principle, the clarification chamber can be combined with the separation chamber 8. Then, the lower part of this combined chamber will serve to precipitate copper, and the upper one to clarify the liquid. In FIG. 1 shows a pipeline 10 from the upper part of the separation chamber 8 to an additional pump 11, which serves to feed the reaction chamber 1.

A pressure gauge 12 can be installed under the lower part of the reaction chamber 1 to measure the pressure of the liquid in the reaction chamber 1.

It should be noted that the taper of the reaction chamber 1, i.e. the angle at the apex of the cone, resulting from the continuation of its side walls, can lie in the range from 35 to 152 degrees.

The dimensions of the loaded parts 3 are small. In the case of steel balls, their diameter is from 1 to 1.5 mm. The loading height of parts 3 above the separation grid 2 is at least 200 mm.

The method of the present invention is implemented in the illustrated device as follows.

First, the reaction chamber 1 loaded with parts 3 is filled with water, the pump 5, which feeds water in the circulation circuit, is turned on, and the current velocity is adjusted to the fluidization speed of the parts 3. After about 15 minutes of operation, the liquid is drained, the reaction chamber 1 is again filled with water, the flow rate of the fluidizing fluid is verified details 3 of the fluid pump, measure the pressure on the pressure gauge 12 and turn on the power of the original process, i.e. connect an acidic solution with dissolved electropositive metal. At the same time, the level of parts 3 is established, which depends on the concentration of the solution and its temperature, so that the current velocity through the separation grid 2 at the inlet to the reaction chamber 1 exceeded by no more than five times the velocity of the fluidized parts 3.

The selection of electropositive copper from the solution occurs on steel parts 3 (for example, balls), as is known to specialists. In this case, thin films of copper formed on the surfaces of parts 3, having little adhesion to iron, are removed due to abrasion due to collisions of parts 3 with each other. Separated particles of cemented copper in the form of a suspension are carried out by a fluid flow from the drain hole 7. At this, the actual cementation of copper is completed.

The copper suspension then enters the separation chamber 8, which may be, for example, a plate thickener, a hydrocyclone or other thickener known to those skilled in the art. The cake formed during thickening is discharged through output 9 (nozzle). The clarified liquid through the pipeline 10 by the pump 11 is fed again into the circulation circuit.

If the pressure measured by the pressure gauge 12 falls below a predetermined limit, parts 3 are added to the reaction chamber 1 by any means known to those skilled in the art.

An example is such data. In the reaction chamber 1 serves a solution of copper sulfate with a copper content of about 20 g / l and an acidity of 2%. The separation grid 2 is designed so that its resistance to fluid flow is 0.2 ati. The total hydraulic resistance of the entire device is approximately 1.3 ati. Moreover, the copper content in the cake reaches 70%.

Claims (13)

1. A method of continuous cementation of an electropositive metal from an acidic solution, comprising using a reaction chamber made in the form of a tapering down truncated cone with a distribution grid in the lower part, into which parts of a reducing metal are placed, and said into the reaction chamber from below through said distribution grid an acidic solution in the form of a hydro-fountain, the flow rate of which at the inlet to the said reaction chamber exceeds no more than five times the pseudo-flow rate oozhizheniya said parts and drained from an upper portion of said reaction chamber metal slurry on the surface of said cementitious components and removes from it when they collide. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said truncated cone is made with a taper of 35 to 152 degrees. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said parts are added to said reaction chamber as the pressure of the solution circulating therein decreases. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said pressure is measured under said distribution grid. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein balls or metal scrap are used as said parts. 6. The method according to p. 1, which further comprises the steps of: concentrating said metal suspension after it is drained from said reaction chamber, removing the metal formed during cementation in the form of cake and clarifying the liquid remaining after said precipitation. 7. Device for continuous cementation of electropositive metal from an acidic solution, containing a reaction chamber in the form of a tapering down truncated cone, a distribution grid installed in the lower part of the said reaction chamber, parts made of a reducing metal placed above said distribution grid, a pipeline for supplying said acidic a solution to the bottom of said reaction chamber; a pump for creating from said acidic solution in said reaction chamber a hydro-fountain, scab stream whose inlet into said reaction chamber is not more than five times higher than the flow of fluidization said parts speed, the drain hole formed in the upper part of said reactor chamber for discharging the metal slurry is cemented on the surface of said parts and removes from it when they collide. 8. The device according to claim 7, in which said truncated cone is made with a taper of 35 to 152 degrees. 9. The device according to claim 7, in which said parts are made in the form of balls or metal scrap. 10. The device according to claim 7, which further comprises a pressure gauge under said distribution grid. 11. The device according to p. 10, which further comprises means for adding said parts to said reaction chamber while decreasing the readings of said manometer below a predetermined threshold. 12. The device according to p. 7, which further comprises a separation chamber having a fluid connection with said drain hole and designed to deposit metal from said suspension. 13. The device according to p. 12, which further comprises a clarification chamber, designed to clarify the liquid remaining after said separation chamber.

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