RU2573138C1 - Construction kit of quickly erectable collapsible structures in form of wave-shaped rotational shells - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: construction kit of quickly erectable collapsible frames of wave-shaped rotational shells comprises bearing elements (ribs) and connection assemblies (connectors), with the help of which they assemble unified frame modules in the form of adjacent spatial isosceles right triangles, hypotenuses of which are identical arched ribs, and legs are made rectilinear or arched. The surface of the shell is formed by the method of rotation of a flat wave-shaped generatrix around the axis located together with it in a single plane; as the generatrix of the rotational shell they use a continuous curve, consisting of alternating convex and concave identical arched hypotenuses. Connection joints of the frame ribs are made of two types of connectors.

EFFECT: reduction of bearing elements of a frame.

1 tbl, 15 dwg

Description

The claimed technical solution

The constructor of prefabricated collapsible structures in the form of wave-like shells of rotation refers to the field of construction, namely the enclosing structures of exhibition stands, pavilions and other temporary buildings and structures.

Known solution

An assembly-disassembling building shell containing multifaceted panels connected in pairs with connecting inserts, according to the patent No. 2116409 from 07.27.1998, IPC E04G 7/24, RU.

The advantage of a technical solution is the creation of a frameless shell of the dome of the exhibition hall.

However, the design allows you to build only dome shells, the constituent elements of which are flat.

Known solution

A modular frame system consisting of load-bearing elements (struts, crossbars, struts and other details) and frame connecting nodes, according to the patent No. 2184823, from 08/18/1998, IPC E04G 7/24, RU.

The advantage of the design is the ability to build a spatial shell frame.

However, the frame formed in this case consists of flat elements, with the help of which it is impossible to erect convex-concave shells of complex configuration.

Known solution

Design of prefabricated collapsible shell frames "INFINITY" according to certificate No. 40641 dated 02/11/2004, IPC E04C 7/24, RU, containing unified modules in the form of spatial isosceles right-angled triangles, the hypotenuses of which are the same arc-shaped ribs, and the legs are made either rectilinear, or arched depending on the shape of the module being created.

The advantage of a technical solution is the creation of shell frames in the form of spatial triangles.

However, the design was described in terms of the unification of the edges of the frame and did not imply a unification of the nodal elements. The design and technological issues of filling the frames were not considered.

Known solution

The constructor of prefabricated collapsible structures of the shell type according to patent No. 2437992 dated 06/28/2010, IPC Е04В 1/32, RU, containing load-bearing elements (ribs) and connecting nodes (connectors), with the help of which unified frame modules are assembled in the form of spatial isosceles rectangular triangles. The modules are interconnected by the same type of elements.

The advantage of a technical solution is the creation of a designer of prefabricated collapsible shell-type structures from unified load-bearing elements, connecting nodes (connectors), fillings and an internal dynamic lighting system.

However, the shell frame is assembled by connecting pre-assembled triangular modules along the same load-bearing elements (ribs), therefore, each load-bearing frame element is not a single unit, but composed of two halves, which leads to double the number of load-bearing structural elements. A description of the geometry of the structural elements of the designer is given without taking into account the actual dimensions of the connectors. In addition, the unification of the connecting nodes (connectors) is not well developed. The structure of the designer included 9 (nine) unified connecting nodes (connectors), which led to a rise in price of the designer and complication of the assembly process of the shell frame.

The purpose of the proposed technical solution is to create a designer of prefabricated collapsible structures in the form of wave-like shells of rotation from unified solid bearing elements and a minimum number of combined connecting nodes (connectors), which can reduce the total number of load-bearing elements of the frame, achieve greater unification of the frame and, as a result, reduce its cost .

The technical result of the development of the proposed technical solution is to create a designer of prefabricated collapsible frames of wave-like shells of revolution from unified solid bearing elements and a minimum number of combined connecting nodes (connectors), which allow to reduce the total number of frame elements, achieve greater unification of the designer and, as a result, reduce it cost.

The goal is achieved as follows.

The designer of prefabricated collapsible frames of wave-like shells of rotation contains load-bearing elements (ribs) and connecting nodes (connectors), with the help of which unified frame modules are assembled in the form of adjacent spatial isosceles right-angled triangles, the hypotenuses of which are the same arc-shaped ribs, and the legs are straight or straight or arched depending on the type of module being created, moreover:

- the surface of the shell is formed by the method of rotation of a flat wave-like generatrix around an axis located with it in the same plane; as a generatrix of the shell of rotation, a curve is used, consisting of alternating convex and concave, of the same type, arched hypotenuses;

- the connecting nodes of the frame ribs are made of two types of elements: a central (orthogonal) connector for connecting the same type legs to each other and a rotary connector for connecting the hypotenuses to the legs;

- both types of connectors are located in planes tangent to the longitudinal axes of the legs at the considered point of connection of the ribs;

- arcuate hypotenuse and leg are formed respectively of circular arcs of radius R ₁ and R ₂ with the central angles α and β, which are linked by the following relationships

where H ₁ is the specified value of the length of the chord of the hypotenuse arc in the axes of the central points of the connectors;

α is the set value of the central angle of the hypotenuse arc;

r ₁ , r ₂ - given distances from the central point of the rotational and central connectors, respectively, to the plane of interface with the ends of the ribs;

- the length of the straight leg L ₃ taking into account the size of the connectors is determined by the ratio

- the ribs in the rotary connector are mounted in accordance with the following orientation of the longitudinal axes, as well as the longitudinal and end planes of the connected ribs relative to the plane and normal to the plane of the rotational connector:

where γ (E _1R , E ₂ ), γ (E _1R , E ₃ ) are the angles of intersection at the central point of the rotational connector of the longitudinal axes of the arcuate hypotenuse directed along the circumference of rotation, and respectively of the arcuate and rectilinear legs;

γ (E _1O , E ₂ ), γ (E _1O , E ₃ ) - the angles of intersection at the central point of the rotational connector of the longitudinal axes of the arcuate hypotenuse directed along the generatrix of the shell, and accordingly the arcuate and rectilinear legs;

φ (E _1R , Ν) is the angle between the longitudinal plane of the hypotenuse arc directed along the circle of rotation and the normal to the plane of the rotational connector;

φ (E _1O , Ν) is the angle between the longitudinal plane of the hypotenuse arc directed along the generatrix of the shell and the normal to the plane of the rotational connector;

φ (E ₂ , Ν) is the angle between the longitudinal plane of the arcuate leg and the normal to the plane of the rotational connector;

φ (E ₃ , Ν) is the angle between the longitudinal plane of the straight leg and the normal to the plane of the rotational connector;

ψ (E _1OT , Ν) is the angle of inclination of the end plane of the arc-shaped hypotenuse directed along the generatrix of the shell relative to the normal to the plane of the rotational connector.

The drawings show:

FIG. 1 - cross section of the ribs E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ where

h - section height,

AB is the longitudinal plane of the cross section of the ribs,

G ₁ - groove for fastening the fillings,

G ₂ - hole for threaded bushings for mounting connectors,

G ₃ - groove for mounting the internal lighting.

FIG. 2 - rib E ₁ is a longitudinal section of an arc-shaped hypotenuse, where

h - section height,

R ₁ is the radius of the arc of the circle of the hypotenuse,

H ₁ - the length of the chord of the hypotenuse arc in the axes of the central points of the connectors,

α is the central angle of the arcuate hypotenuse,

O ₁ - the center point of the rotational connector,

r ₁ is the distance from the center point of the rotational connector to the plane of interface with the end face of the rib.

FIG. 3 - rib E ₂ is a longitudinal section of an arcuate leg, where

h - section height,

R2 is the radius of the arc of the circumference of the leg E ₂ ,

β is the central angle of the arcuate leg E ₂ ,

Ο ₁ - the center point of the rotational connector,

O ₂ - the central point of the central connector,

r ₁ is the distance from the center point of the rotational connector to the plane of interface with the end face of the rib,

r ₂ is the distance from the center point of the central connector to the plane of interface with the end face of the rib.

FIG. 4 - rib E ₃ is a longitudinal section of a straight leg, where

h - section height,

Ο ₁ - the center point of the rotational connector,

O ₂ - the central point of the central connector,

r ₁ is the distance from the center point of the rotational connector to the plane of interface with the end face of the rib,

r ₂ is the distance from the center point of the Central connector to the plane of interface with the end face of the rib,

L ₃ - the length of the straight leg E ₃ .

FIG. 5 - the central connector, where

1 - hole for mounting ribs,

2 - hole for mounting plugs and mounting devices,

3 - hole for laying backlight cables.

FIG. 6 - central connector, top view, where

O ₁ O ₂ - the longitudinal axis of the leg,

r ₂ is the distance from the central point of the Central connector to the plane of interface with the end of the leg.

FIG. 7 - central connector, side view, where

O ₂ - the central point of the central connector,

N is the normal to the plane of the connector.

FIG. 8 - rotational connector, where

1 - hole for mounting ribs,

2 - hole for mounting plugs and mounting devices,

3 - hole for laying backlight cables.

FIG. 9 - rotational connector, top view, the location of the longitudinal axes of the ribs, where

O O _{1 1} (E _1R) - longitudinal rib axis E _1, directed along the rotation circumference,

Ο ₁ Ο ₁ (E _1O ) is the longitudinal axis of the rib E ₁ directed along the generatrix of the shell,

Ο ₁ O ₂ (E ₂ ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₂ ,

O ₁ O ₂ (E ₃ ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₃ ,

r ₁ is the distance from the center point of the rotational connector to the plane of interface with the end face of the rib,

γ (E _1R , E2) is the angle between the longitudinal axes of the arcuate hypotenuse E ₁ directed along the circumference of rotation, and the arcuate leg E ₂ ,

γ (E _1O , E2) is the angle between the longitudinal axes of the arcuate hypotenuse E ₁ directed along the generatrix of the shell, and the arcuate leg E ₂ ,

γ (E _1R , E ₃ ) is the angle between the longitudinal axes of the arcuate hypotenuse E ₁ directed along the circumference of rotation and the straight leg E ₃ ,

γ (E _1O , E ₃ ) is the angle between the longitudinal axes of the arcuate hypotenuse E ₁ directed along the generatrix of the shell, and the straight leg E ₃ .

FIG. 10 is a rotational connector, the location of the connecting holes of the ribs E ₁ directed along the circumference of rotation, where

O ₁ O ₁ (E _1R ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₁ directed along the circumference of rotation,

Ο Ο _{1 1} (E _1O) - the longitudinal axis of the rib ₁ E directed along a generatrix of the shell,

O ₁ O ₁ (E ₂ ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₂ ,

0 ₁ O ₂ (E ₃ ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₃ ,

P (E _1R ) is the longitudinal plane of the rib E ₁ directed along the circumference of rotation,

N is the normal to the plane of the connector,

φ (E _1R , N) is the angle of rotation of the longitudinal plane of the rib E ₁ directed along the circumference of rotation relative to the normal N to the plane of the connector.

FIG. 11 is a rotational connector, the location of the connecting holes of the ribs E ₁ directed along the generatrix of the shell, where

O ₁ O ₁ (E _1R ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₁ directed along the circumference of rotation,

Ο ₁ Ο ₁ (E _1O ) is the longitudinal axis of the rib E ₁ directed along the generatrix of the shell,

O ₁ O ₂ (E ₂ ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₂ ,

O ₁ O ₂ (E ₃ ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₃ ,

P (E _1O ) - the longitudinal plane of the ribs E ₁ directed along the generatrix of the shell,

N is the normal to the plane of the connector,

φ (E _1O , Ν) is the angle of rotation of the longitudinal plane of the rib E ₁ directed along the generatrix of the shell, relative to the normal N to the plane of the connector.

FIG. 12 - rotational connector, the location of the connecting holes of the ribs E ₂ where

O O _{1 1} (E _1R) - longitudinal rib axis E _1, directed along the rotation circumference,

Ο ₁ Ο ₁ (E _1O ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₁ directed along the generatrix of the shell,

Ο ₁ O ₂ (E ₂ ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₂ ,

O ₁ O ₂ (E ₃ ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₃ ,

N is the normal to the plane of the connector,

φ (E ₂ , Ν) is the angle of rotation of the longitudinal plane of the rib E ₂ relative to the normal N to the plane of the connector.

FIG. 13 - rotational connector, the location of the connecting holes of the ribs E ₃ where

O O _{1 1} (E _1R) - longitudinal rib axis E _1, directed along the rotation circumference,

Ο ₁ Ο ₁ (E _1O ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₁ directed along the generatrix of the shell,

O ₁ O ₂ (E ₃ ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₃ ,

O ₁ O ₂ (E ₃ ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₃ ,

P (E ₃ ) - the longitudinal plane of the ribs E ₃ .

N is the normal to the plane of the connector,

φ (E ₃ , Ν) is the angle of rotation of the longitudinal plane of the rib E ₃ relative to the normal N to the plane of the connector.

FIG. 14 - rotational connector, the location of the end plane of the arcuate hypotenuse directed along the generatrix of the shell, where

O ₁ O ₁ (E _1R ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₁ directed along the circumference of rotation,

Ο ₁ Ο ₁ (E _1O ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₁ directed along the generatrix of the shell,

Ο ₁ O ₂ (E ₂ ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₂ ,

O ₁ O ₂ (E ₃ ) - the longitudinal axis of the ribs E ₃ ,

N is the normal to the plane of the connector,

P (E _1OT ) - the end plane of the ribs E ₁ directed along the generatrix of the shell,

ψ (E _1OT , Ν) is the angle of inclination of the end plane by an arc-shaped hypotenuse directed along the generatrix of the shell relative to the normal to the plane of the rotational connector.

FIG. 15 is an example of a frame structure assembly, where

E ₁ - arcuate hypotenuse,

E ₂ - arcuate leg,

E ₃ - straight leg;

C _R - rotational connector,

C _C is the central connector.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is as follows.

The load-bearing elements of the designer are made of the same profile of a constant section of FIG. 1 in the form of solid ribs of a frame of 3 types: an arcuate hypotenuse E ₁ FIG. 2, the arcuate leg E ₂ FIG. 3 and straight leg E ₃ FIG. 4, of which with the help of the connecting nodes of FIG. 5 and FIG. 8 collect adjacent spatial isosceles triangular modules of the frame of structures in the form of wave-like shells of revolution.

Shell shaping is performed by the method of rotation of a wave-like generatrix around an axis located with it in the same plane. As a generator, a continuous curve is used, consisting of alternating convex and concave homogeneous arched hypotenuses of the same type.

Two types of unified combined connecting nodes (connectors) are used: central (orthogonal) - for connecting the same type legs to each other. FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7 and rotational - to connect the hypotenuses with the legs of FIG. 8, FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11, FIG. 12, FIG. 13, FIG. 14. The connectors are located in planes tangent to the longitudinal axes of the legs at the considered point of connection of the ribs.

It is assumed that the values of the chord length H ₁ and the central angle α of the hypotenuse arc in the axes of the central points of the connectors, as well as the sizes of the connectors r ₁ and r _2, are the distances from the central points of the connectors to the interface planes with the ends of the ribs.

Arcuate edges E ₁ and E _{2 are} formed by arcs of circles of radius R ₁ and R _2, respectively, with central angles α and β, which are connected by the following relations

where H ₁ is the specified value of the length of the chord of the hypotenuse arc in the axes of the central points of the connectors;

α is the set value of the central angle of the hypotenuse arc;

r ₁ , r ₂ - the specified distance from the center point of the rotational and central connectors, respectively, to the plane of contact with the ends of the ribs E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ .

The length of the straight leg E ₃ taking into account the size of the connectors

The main feature of this technical solution is the design of the rotational connector, which provides the specified shaping of the wave-like shell of rotation under the conditions of pairing in the connector of the connected ribs:

- the longitudinal axis of the ribs intersect at angles of FIG. 9:

- the longitudinal planes of the ribs form the following angles normal to the plane of the connector of FIG. 10, FIG. 11, FIG. 12, FIG. 13:

- the end plane of the arcuate hypotenuse directed along the generatrix of the shell has the following angle relative to the normal to the plane of the rotational connector Fig.14:

where γ (E _1R , E ₂ ), γ (E _1R , E ₃ ) are the angles of intersection at the central point of the rotational connector of the longitudinal axes of the arcuate hypotenuse directed along the circumference of rotation, and respectively of the arcuate and rectilinear legs;

γ (E _1O , E ₂ ), γ (E _1O , E ₃ ) are the angles of intersection at the central point of the rotational connector of the longitudinal axes of the arcuate hypotenuse directed along the generatrix of the shell, and accordingly the arcuate and rectilinear legs;

φ (E _1R , Ν) is the angle between the longitudinal plane of the hypotenuse arc directed along the circle of rotation and the normal to the plane of the rotational connector;

φ (E _1O , Ν) is the angle between the longitudinal plane of the hypotenuse arc directed along the generatrix of the shell and the normal to the plane of the rotational connector;

φ (E ₂ , Ν) is the angle between the longitudinal plane of the arcuate leg and the normal to the plane of the rotational connector;

φ (E ₃ , N) is the angle between the longitudinal plane of the straight leg and the normal to the plane of the rotational connector;

ψ (E _1OT , Ν) is the angle of inclination of the end plane by an arc-shaped hypotenuse directed along the generatrix of the shell relative to the normal to the plane of the rotational connector.

Thus, choosing the cross section of the ribs, the values of the chord length H ₁ , the central angle α, and the sizes of the connectors r ₁ and r ₂ , using the relations (1) - (5), the geometry of all the load-bearing elements of the designer and the frame of the wave-like shell of revolution is completely specified.

The ranges H ₁ = 2 ÷ 5 m, α = π / 6 ÷ π / 3, recommended for practical use in exhibition construction.

Such a minimum set of unified load-bearing elements (ribs) of 3 types and unified connecting nodes (connectors) of 2 types is crucial for this designer of wave-like shells of revolution.

The fillings of the spatial modules of the frame can be made of expandable fabric in the form of a triangle with a contour around the contour of a flexible tape (for example, silicone) with a thickness corresponding to the size of the longitudinal grooves provided in the ribs for attaching the fillings. Fillings can be inserted on one or both sides of the ribs. The sizes of the fillings can be universal due to the extensibility of the fabric and the fringing tape. Fillings can also be made of airtight inflatable pneumatic lenses providing tension in the triangular framework of the frame by filling the internal volume of the lenses with air under some pressure. Fillings can be made of light-scattering fabric to provide internal illumination of the triangular modules or from another fabric providing the necessary extensibility for fixing in the grooves of the ribs.

The system of internal dynamic illumination can be made in the form of luminous (for example, LED) tapes connected in series inside the triangular modules, fixed with two flexible strips (for example, magnetic), one of which is fixed in the longitudinal grooves of the ribs of FIG. 1, and the second (response) is glued to the luminous ribbons. Parallel switching of luminous ribbons of individual triangular modules allows you to create programmable dynamic lighting for each triangular module independently of the others, as well as combine individual triangular modules into groups according to the type of backlight.

The cross-sectional shape of the ribs and materials of the element base of the designer of prefabricated collapsible frames of wave-like shells of revolution are not fundamental. As structural materials, aluminum alloys, metals, composite materials, wood can be used.

An example of assembly of a carcass of a wave-like shell of revolution is shown in FIG. 15. The proposed technical solution was implemented as a set of exhibition equipment "INFINITYCONST Revolution". The supporting elements (ribs) of the designer were made of aluminum with the parameters H ₁ = 3600 mm, α = π / 4, r ₁ = 90 mm, r ₂ = 60 mm. The connecting nodes (connectors) were made of stainless steel by casting. The corresponding values of constructor parameters (1) - (5) are given in the Table. one.

The shell frame is grown by connecting the next ribs to the corresponding frame connectors FIG. 15. The connecting holes in the connectors are made in accordance with the geometry of the placement of threaded bushings in the end sections of the ribs of FIG. 1 and conditions (3) - (5). The rib is fixed in the connector by twisting two bolts from the inside of the connector through the connecting holes of the connector into the threaded bushings of the rib.

The frame fillings were made in the form of triangles with sizes universal for all modules from light-diffusing stretch fabric with silicone tape along the contour. The system of internal dynamic illumination was made in the form of a set of LED-RGB LED strips on magnetic strips, decoders, a power supply, a controller and a computer unit with software.

Trial assemblies using the INFINITYCONST Revolution exhibition equipment kit showed that the designer of prefabricated collapsible structures in the form of wave-like shells of revolution is convenient and easy to mount / disassemble, operate, transport and store, and allows to realize the most complex architectural and design developments in modern engineering level.

Claims (1)

Constructor of prefabricated collapsible frames of wave-like shells of rotation, containing load-bearing elements (ribs) and connecting nodes (connectors), with the help of which unified frame modules are assembled in the form of adjacent spatial isosceles right-angled triangles, the hypotenuses of which are the same arc-shaped ribs, and the legs are straight , or arched, depending on the type of module being created, characterized in that:
- the surface of the shell is formed by the method of rotation of a flat wave-like generatrix around an axis located with it in the same plane; as a generatrix of the shell of rotation, a curve is used, consisting of alternating convex and concave, of the same type, arched hypotenuses;
- the connecting nodes of the frame ribs are made of two types of elements: a central (orthogonal) connector for connecting the same type legs to each other and a rotary connector for connecting the hypotenuses to the legs;
- both types of connectors are located in planes tangent to the longitudinal axes of the legs at the considered point of connection of the ribs;
- arched hypotenuse and leg are formed by arcs of circles of radius R ₁ and R _2, respectively, with central angles α and β, which are connected by the following relations

Where
H ₁ - a given value of the length of the chord of the hypotenuse arc in the axes of the central points of the connectors;
α is the set value of the central angle of the hypotenuse arc;
r ₁ , r ₂ - given distances from the central point of the rotational and central connectors, respectively, to the plane of interface with the ends of the ribs;
- the length of the straight leg L ₃ taking into account the size of the connectors is determined by the ratio

- the ribs in the rotary connector are mounted in accordance with the following orientation of the longitudinal axes, as well as the longitudinal and end planes of the connected ribs relative to the plane and normal to the plane of the rotational connector:

where γ (E _1R , E ₂ ), γ (E _1R , E ₃ ) are the angles of intersection at the central point of the rotational connector of the longitudinal axes of the arcuate hypotenuse directed along the circumference of rotation, and respectively of the arcuate and rectilinear legs;
γ (Ε _1О , Ε ₂ ), γ (Е _1О , Е ₃ ) are the angles of intersection at the central point of the rotational connector of the longitudinal axes of the arcuate hypotenuse directed along the generatrix of the shell, and accordingly the arcuate and rectilinear legs;
φ (Ε _1R , Ν) is the angle between the longitudinal plane of the hypotenuse arc directed along the circle of rotation and the normal to the plane of the rotational connector;
φ (Ε _1О , Ν) is the angle between the longitudinal plane of the hypotenuse arc directed along the generatrix of the shell and the normal to the plane of the rotational connector;
φ (Ε ₂ , Ν) is the angle between the longitudinal plane of the arcuate leg and the normal to the plane of the rotational connector;
φ (Ε ₃ , Ν) is the angle between the longitudinal plane of the straight leg and the normal to the plane of the rotational connector;
ψ (Ε _1OT , Ν) is the angle of inclination of the end plane of the arcuate hypotenuse directed along the generatrix of the shell relative to the normal to the plane of the rotational connector.

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