RU2570001C1 - Device for plastic materials granulation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: device for plastic materials granulation contains a cylindrical casing (1), inside it a screw feed (2) is located. At output end of the cylindrical casing (1) the orifice plate (3) with holes (4) for granulation is installed without movement. On the pressing nut (5) the activator (7) is installed, it is connected with silo (9) for dusty substance, for example ash, loading. On the activator (7) knives (10) are secured to cut to granules the harnesses pressed through the orifice plate (3). On the external cylindrical facet of the activator (7) the blades (11) are secured, they are located along the helical trajectory. The activator (7) also has holes (12) to ensure ingress of dusty substance to the zone of granules pelletisation. The poppet (13) is secured at the shaft (14) end, the shaft is installed with eccentricity in the hole of the drive shaft (16). On body (19) of the drive shaft (16) the nut (20) is installed, it is locked by lock-nut (21) that is in contact with the poppet (13) with possibility of complicated planetary rotation of the poppet (13) around the own axis and around axis of the drive shaft (16). The activator (7) and poppet (13) look by the internal inclined facets opposite to each other creating the chamber of granules pelletisation (22), and are installed with clearance relatively to each other. Angle between the opposite installed internal inclined facets of the activator and poppet, creating the chamber of the granules pelletisation, if determined by tests, based on the most favourable conditions of the granules pelletisation, and is equal to 20-30°.

EFFECT: invention improves the strength and density of granulated material.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for producing granules from plastic materials, in particular clay raw materials, and can be used in the construction industry for the production of building materials, mainly expanded clay, brick and other products.

A device is known that includes a drive mounted on a bed with bearing assemblies and kinematically connected with it, conical working bodies enclosed in a casing, provided with perforated casing and facing vertices to each other, as well as a receiving neck and outlet trays, while the rotation axes of these working bodies are located at an angle to each other (patent RU N 2025147, IPC B02C 7/11, 7/00, publ. 30.12.1994).

A disadvantage of the known device is the low bearing capacity of perforated casing, based only on the frames of the working bodies. In addition, large variable loads affecting the bolted joints of perforated skins with load-bearing frames can cause a malfunction. Wearing perforated casing is difficult to maintain, as partial disassembly of the device is required to clean the forming holes and replace the perforated skins. At the same time, special equipment is necessary for the manufacture of such skins.

A device for granulating polymeric materials is also known (AS No. 852588, IPC B29B 1/2, 1981), including a drive, an extruder cylinder, a granulator body mounted at its output, a cutting unit connected to its axial movement mechanism and die a plate with holes mounted with the possibility of axial movement on the rails. From the extruder barrel, the material is forced through a die plate with holes mounted outside the extruder body and cut into granules with knives. The die plate is tightly pressed to the end face of the extruder cylinder, as well as to the axial movement mechanism of the cutting unit, which provides a given pressing force. The rotation of the knives relative to the die plate occurs due to their fastening on a special unit in which the axis of rotation of the knives is placed in the rolling bearings.

The disadvantage of this device is the design complexity and low productivity.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed is a device for granulating plastic materials (Patent for PM No. 60430, IPC B29B 7/00, publ. 2007), including a screw located inside a cylindrical body with a die plate with holes for granulation, and movable knives located in front of the spinneret plate provided with a central hole along the axis of the screw and fixedly mounted on the output end of the cylindrical body using a clamping nut. Material for granulation is pressed through a die plate with holes and cut into granules with movable knives.

The disadvantage of this device is the low quality of granulation due to insufficient pelletizing, adhesion of granules and, as a result, low productivity.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the productivity and quality of granulation.

The specified technical result is achieved in that a device for granulating plastic materials, comprising a screw located inside a cylindrical body with a die plate installed at its end with granulation holes, provided with a central hole along the axis of the screw and fixedly mounted on the output end of the cylindrical body with a clamping nut , outside the cylindrical body mounted knives for cutting pushed through the holes of the die plate of the granules, according to the claimed According to the solution, the device is equipped with a coaxial auger activator with a belt drive from an electric motor and a plate facing inwardly inclined faces to form a pellet pelletizing chamber and set relative to each other with a gap, knives for cutting granules pressed through openings of the die plate are mounted on the activator, which is installed by pairs of bearings on a made step clamping nut communicated with a loading hopper for a pulverulent substance intended for granulation, is equipped with holes for the exit of this substance into the pelletizing chamber and blades fixed along a helical path on the outer cylindrical face of the activator, and the plate is fixed at the end of the shaft, which, in turn, is installed through the pair of bearings with an eccentricity in the hole of the drive shaft, which coaxial to the screw, has an individual belt drive from an electric motor and is installed by means of a pair of bearings in an individual housing; in addition, a nut fixed to the housing is located on the drive shaft with a nut in contact with the plate with the possibility of complex planetary rotation of the plate around its own axis and around the axis of the drive shaft.

The gap between the inner inclined faces of the activator and the plate is 1-3 mm.

The angle between the inner inclined faces of the activator and the plate is 20-30 °.

As a pulverized substance for dusting the granules, ash, quartz sand, gravel slag or other cleaners can be used.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows the proposed device, in FIG. 2 is a section along Α-A in FIG. 1, in FIG. 3 - activator in axonometry.

A device for granulating plastic materials contains a cylindrical body 1, inside of which there is a screw 2. In a cylindrical body 1 at its output end (in the direction of the granulated material) a die plate 3 is fixedly mounted with holes 4 for granulation, fixed by a step clamping nut 5 screwed onto cylindrical body 1. The die plate is provided with a central hole located along the axis of the screw 2.

An activator 7 with an individual belt drive 8 is installed on the clamping nut 5 using bearings 6, which communicates with the hopper 9 for loading a pulverulent substance, for example, ash. Knives 10 are mounted on the activator 7 for cutting harnesses pressed through the die plate 3 into granules, blades 11 located along a helical path on the outer cylindrical face of the activator, and holes 12 are made to allow dusty substance to enter the pellet pelletizing zone.

The plate 13 is mounted on the end of the shaft 14, which, in turn, through the pair of bearings 15 is mounted with an eccentricity in the hole of the drive shaft 16, which is coaxial to the screw 2, has an individual belt drive 17 from the electric motor and is mounted by means of a pair of bearings 18 in the housing 19. In addition Moreover, on the housing 19 of the drive shaft 16 is a nut 20, fixed by a lock nut 21, in contact with the plate 13 with the possibility of complex planetary rotation of the plate 13 around its own axis and around the axis of the drive shaft 16.

The activator 7 and the plate 13 face the inner inclined faces counterclockwise with the formation of the pelletizing chamber 22 and are installed relative to each other with a gap. The width of the gap is selected depending on the size of the granules, which must be obtained as a result of their pelletizing and is usually 1-3 mm. (The capacity for collecting granules is not shown in the drawing).

The angle between the opposing inner inclined faces of the activator and the plate forming the pelletizing chamber is determined experimentally based on the most favorable pelletizing conditions and is 20-30 °

As a pulverulent substance for dusting the granules, any scrubber can be used, for example, ash, quartz sand, gravel slag.

A device for granulating plastic materials works as follows.

A plastic material prepared for granulation, for example, clay, is pressed through by a rotating screw 2 inside a cylindrical body 1 through a die plate 3 through openings 4 for granulation. Using the clamping nut 5 is fixed fixation of the die plate 3 relative to the cylindrical body 1.

The screw is rotated by means of a drive (not shown in the drawing). The plastic material squeezed out from the granulation openings 4 is cut with knives 10 and the formed granules enter the pelletizing chamber 22 formed by two internal inclined faces of the activator 7 and the plate 13. Ash is fed through the filler neck of the hopper 9. The rotation of the activator 7, on which the blades 11 are fixed along a helical path, causes, using these blades, the ash to move to the pellet pelletizing chamber 22, where it penetrates through the holes 12 in the activator. The plate 13 makes a complex planetary rotation around its own axis and around the axis of the drive shaft 16. The rotation can be both co-directional with the rotation of the activator 7, and reverse. The direction of rotation of the plate 13 can be changed by crossing the belt 17.

As a result, the granules cut by the knives 10 are actively mixed with a detergent, for example, ash, which does not allow them to stick together, and they receive many multidirectional blows from other granules and the inner surfaces of the activator 7 and the plate 13. Powdered granules during rolling on the conical surfaces of the activator 7 and the plate 13 acquire a shape close to spherical and decrease to a size sufficient so that, due to centrifugal force, the powdered and rounded granules fall into the gap between the activator 7 and the plate 13, which ivodyatsya rotated one electric motor by means of individual belt drive 8 and 17, respectively.

Thus, the proposed device for granulating plastic materials provides an increase in the quality and productivity of granulation by preventing the adhesion of granules and the intensification of their pelletizing.

Claims (4)

1. Device for granulating plastic materials, including a screw located inside a cylindrical body with a die plate installed at its end with holes for granulation, provided with a central hole along the axis of the screw and fixedly mounted on the output end of the cylindrical body using a clamping nut; knives for cutting granules pressed through the openings of the spinneret plate, characterized in that the device is equipped with an activator with a coaxial screw driven by an electric motor and a plate, facing the internal inclined faces counter to form a pellet pelletizing chamber and set relative to each other with a gap, the knives for cutting the granules pressed through the holes of the die plate are mounted on an activator, which is mounted by means of a pair of bearings on a made step clamp nut, communicated with a hopper for a pulverulent substance intended for dusting granules, equipped with openings for the exit of this substance into the pelletizing chamber granules and blades fixed along a helical path on the outer cylindrical face of the activator, and the plate is fixed at the end of the shaft, which, in turn, through a pair of bearings is mounted with an eccentricity in the hole of the drive shaft, which is coaxial to the screw, has an individual belt drive from the electric motor and mounted by means of a pair of bearings in the housing; in addition, on the drive shaft housing there is a nut fixed by a lock nut in contact with the plate with the possibility of complex planetary rotation of the plates and around its own axis and around the axis of the drive shaft. 2. A device for granulating plastic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap between the inner inclined faces of the activator and the plate is 1-3 mm. 3. A device for granulating plastic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the inner inclined faces of the activator and the plate is 20-30 °. 4. A device for granulating plastic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that ash is used as a pulverized substance for dusting the granules.

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