RU2569837C2 - Block-modular model of training viticulture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular viticulture. The block-modular model comprises growing mother plantations, caring for production plantations using the bridge technology, and drip irrigation. At that the mother plantations or production plantations of grape are placed in block-modules, each of which has metal walls around made of easily assemblable structure with glazing in the upper part, on their roof the automatically controlled frames with light-reflective elements are mounted, which are opened inwards and moved slowly during the day, folding and aiming at the vines up to 80% of beams of sunlight. At that the information on the condition of soil, plants and microclimate in the block is obtained. The automated control of drip irrigation, condition of soil, plans and also the microclimate in general in the block-module is carried out from the unified centre.

EFFECT: invention enables to reduce the negative impact of weather conditions on the viability of plants, to accelerate the seedling growing, to increase the period of active fruiting, yield and also sugar content due to maximum use of solar radiation by the plantations.

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Description

The present invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture.

The viticulture industry is known (the traditional model), which includes all stages of cultivating vineyards, caring for and growing them: mother plants, planting cuttings, caring for young and adult vine bushes with the help of technical means and other various technological operations: watering, including drip, pruning spraying etc. (K.V. Smirnov, T.I. Kalmykova, G.S. Morozov. Viticulture, 1987; Ed. By K.V. Smirnov; K.V. Smirnov (ed.) Viticulture. Publishing House of the Moscow Agricultural Academy, 1998 ., 511 pp.).

The disadvantage of this model is that it is largely influenced by weather conditions: severe frosts, hot summers, and the absence of stable irrigation adversely affect the state and viability of the plantings.

In addition, when performing technological operations, multiple passage of equipment along the row-spacings (15–16 times per season) leads to soil compaction, a decrease in yield and a period of active fruiting of the stands. At the same time, grapes often have a low percentage of sugar content - an important indicator for the processing industry, which is a consequence of the low ability of plants to use the solar radiation efficiency (PAR - photosynthetic active radiation).

The aim of the invention is to reduce the negative impact of weather conditions on the viability of plantings, propulsion units on the soil, and their masses on its compaction; acceleration of the term for growing seedlings, increasing the period of active fruiting, yield, and sugar content due to the maximum use of solar radiation by the plantations.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the viticulture industry is proposed to lead on the principle of a block-modular model (the space of vineyards with autonomously controlled cultivation), based on its technological cycles in specialized block modules, starting from the mother plants, accelerating the time of growing seedlings, and ending with production plantings which have around them metal walls of an easily assembled structure with glazing in the upper part, and on the roof of them are mounted reflective elements in AMAX, providing automatically throughout the day a constant direction of sunlight on crops (bush); caring for them using bridge technologies, automated drip irrigation, studying the state of the soil and plantings, as well as the formation of the microclimate of the block module as a whole.

In the traditional model, the area occupied by grape bushes in one row-spacing is approximately 20% of the total area (for example, with a row spacing of 3 m), and the row-spacing itself accounts for 80% of the area. Accordingly, the sun's rays falling on this area in the amount of 20% fall on the vine bushes and 80% - on the aisle, i.e. to create favorable conditions for the growth of weeds. From this it follows that the efficiency of the beneficial use of sunlight on this area is 20%.

In the proposed model, the sun's rays, falling on the reflective elements, refract the light and about 80% of them fall on the grape bushes, and the remaining 20% on the aisle, while the growth of weeds is inhibited.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a block module of production plantings of grapes. It is a block module (space-vineyard, for example, 10 hectares with specialization and independently managed) for the cultivation of vineyards, has around metal walls 1 of an easily prefabricated structure with glazing in its upper part. And the roof consists of automated frames with reflective elements 2, 3. They open inward, move slowly during the day, directing the sun's rays 4 (approximately 80% of them) to the vine bushes 5, 6.

The block module is equipped with bridge equipment with ways to move it between the rows of vineyards and a set of technical equipment for hanging when performing technological operations; automated control system for drip irrigation, obtaining information on the state of soil, plantations and climate in the block.

Block-modular system of viticulture works as follows. All vineyard care operations are carried out with the appropriate tools using bridge technology, which eliminates the negative impact of movers and masses of aggregates on the soil and its re-compaction. Fenced with metal walls 1 area of production planting of grapes form a room in which the bridge system provides the hanging of the necessary agricultural technical equipment to perform inter-row, inter-bush processing, spraying, etc. These blocks are provided with the necessary equipment, lighting, heating system and ventilation. Metal walls 1, lighting and heat provided by the heating system in the cold period do not allow overcooling from low temperatures and mechanical damage from strong winds, and active ventilation of the unit in a hot climate creates favorable conditions for the life of the plantings.

In the warm season, the reflective elements installed on the roof of the module block in frames 2, 3 open inward and, slowly moving throughout the day, automatically refract the sunlight 4 falling on them and direct them to the vine bushes 5, 6. Approximately 80% In this case, sunlight is used by grape bushes 5, 6, and the remaining 20% - by weeds, whose growth is inhibited. Grape plantations provide the maximum level of beneficial course of agrobiological, photosynthetic processes and the accumulation of sugar. An automated system monitors drip irrigation, soil conditions, plantings and ensures the maintenance of optimal year-round temperature inside the module-unit as a whole.

The proposed block-modular model of viticulture allows you to get two crops per year up to 350 or more kg / ha each.

Claims (1)

The block-modular model of viticulture, including the cultivation of queen cells, the care of industrial plantings using bridge technology and drip irrigation, characterized in that the plantations of queen cells or industrial plantings of grapes are placed in block modules, each of which has metal walls of an easily assembled structure around with glazing in the upper part, on the roof they are installed automatically controlled frames with reflective elements that open inward and slowly move over during the day, refracting and directing up to 80% of the rays of sunlight to the grape bushes, they receive information about the state of the soil, plantations and microclimate in the block, automated control of drip irrigation, the state of the soil, plantings, as well as the whole microclimate in the block module from a single center.