RU2569392C1 - Universal corona electrostatic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: device includes an electric motor, optical radiation source, a feed hopper, high voltage source, corona electrode and precipitating electrode, IR-heater, air-intake device, below air cushion device over conveyor belt, and sorting machine. The optical radiation source is placed over the precipitating electrode. The precipitating electrode is made as a conveyor belt rotated at two earthed current-conducting elements and made of electroconductive material designed to change own resistance under impact of optical radiation. It allows sorting of grain mix against surface resistance thus defining their charge in the area of separation. Depending on charge particles are distributed by classes in the receiver upon removal from the conveyor belt.

EFFECT: improved quality of grain flow separation.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the electrical separation of seeds of grain crops according to the degree of injury.

Known electro-corona separator (AS No. 484010, M. Cl. B03C 7/02, Bull. No. 34, 09/15/75), consisting of a loading hopper, a horizontal belt conveyor, a corona electrode. However, the known electro-corona separator does not allow to separate the grain according to the degree of injury.

Known corona electric separator (No. 68366, IPC B03C 7/02, Bull. No. 33, 11/27/2007), taken as a prototype and consisting of a loading hopper, a high voltage source, an electric motor, a corona electrode and a precipitation electrode, made in the form of a conveyor belt from a semiconducting material rotating on two grounded conductive cylinders, a classifier and a brush to remove adhering particles.

On the separator, the fan for separating the components of the mixture is determined by the electrical properties of the particles due to the difference in differences in surface resistance.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that this corona electric separator does not divide grain flow well enough, which contains broken grains, husks, garbage and grains of other crops. For good separation, it is necessary to first separate the grain to a proportionate condition on other separators.

The technical task of the solution is to improve the quality of the separation of the grain flow into seeds of the same crop, the same in dielectric properties and sizes, but different in degree of injury with a single separator.

To solve this goal, the separator has a number of design features.

The universal corona electric separator contains a loading hopper, a high voltage source, an electric motor, a corona and semiconducting grounded sedimentation electrodes, and a classifier. The precipitation electrode is made in the form of a conveyor belt of electrically conductive material, capable of changing its own electrical resistance under the influence of optical radiation. The device further comprises a sequentially installed infrared heater configured to change the heating zone, an air intake device and a lower blower device located under the conveyor belt, an optical irradiator, the conveyor belt being perforated with grooves.

The placement of the IR heater, the range of which can be changed, thereby changing the heating zone, allows you to vary the time of IR heating of the grain, thereby changing the duration of surface drying of the grain (removing moisture from the surface, which is primarily aimed at IR drying).

The placement of the air intake device and the lower blower device located under the conveyor belt allows you to remove the weed component from the grain heap, intensify the process of moisture removal and lower the temperature of the grain when heated, thereby preserving its viability.

The implementation of the precipitation electrode in the form of a conveyor belt of electrically conductive material perforated with grooves provides the grains of the main culture with a large contact surface with the electrically conductive surface of the tape, thereby increasing the action of the electric force that presses the grains to the tape. The conveyor belt can change its resistance, depending on the irradiating effect of the optical irradiator. This allows you to divide the grain flow into seeds and impurities, as well as whole and injured seeds of the same culture, the same in dielectric properties and sizes, but different in degree of injury, in the required range, using one separator.

The set of essential features of the presented technical solution, namely the presence of an infrared heater, an optical irradiator, a conveyor belt of electrically conductive material, which allows to obtain a new economic effect - the separation of seeds of grain crops of different surface resistance, is not known from the prior art, which allows us to conclude compliance of the proposed invention with the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where in FIG. 1 shows a schematically claimed device, FIG. 2 - part of the conveyor belt and its longitudinal section.

A universal corona electric separator comprises an electric motor 6, an optical irradiator 10, a loading hopper 4, an IR heater 5, a high voltage source 7, a corona electrode 1, and a precipitation electrode made in the form of a conveyor belt 2 of an electrically conductive material capable of changing its own electrical resistance under the influence of an optical radiation, which rotates on two grounded conductive cylinders, air intake device 9, lower blower device 11, classifier 8, brush for blow particles of adhering particles 3.

The separator works as follows.

The grain flow from the feed hopper 4 enters the conveyor belt 2. When moving on the conveyor belt, the grain enters the heating zone, the width of which is determined by the IR heater 5, as a result of which it heats up and enters the zone of blowing and removing impurities, in which it is dried by lower blowing devices 11 and air intake and fine impurities 9. Whole grains will release less moisture than grains with damaged shells, thereby less changing their resistance. Impurities that can be lifted by the air stream are removed, as a result of which only proportional grains remain, identical in density and size, but different in degree of injury. Then the grains fall into the charging zone, which is located under the corona electrode 1, which can change its size and move relative to the precipitation electrode 2, and acquire an electric charge. Seeds in contact with the irradiation zone located under the optical irradiator 10 are illuminated by optical radiation. Grains that are different in degree of injury will transmit optical radiation in different ways, as a result of which the electrically conductive material of the conveyor belt 2 will change its electrical resistance in different ways. When a voltage is applied to the corona electrode 1, a corona discharge field arises. The grain from the hopper 4 enters the charging zone between the corona 1 and precipitation 2 electrodes, resulting in an electric charge. The electric charge received by the particle depends on the electrical properties of the grain.

The force of interaction between a particle and a semiconducting tape is determined by the surface resistance of the particle and the conductivity of the conveyor belt 2. Particles with a lower surface resistance are discharged faster than with a higher resistance. The sum of forces, which determines the angle of separation of the particle from the conveyor belt in the discharge and separation zone, is decomposed into three components: the interaction force of the charged particle with the plane of the belt; gravity and centripetal force. The first force presses the particle against the tape, it depends on the size of the particle’s charge, the centrifugal force pushes it away, and the gravity in the upper half cylinder presses it against the tape, in the lower - it tears it off.

Depending on the total effect of the forces, the distribution of particles forms a fan. Particles with low contact resistance are more quickly discarded by inertia from the surface of the tape. Particles with large contact resistance carry a charge on themselves, thereby being pressed against it by electric forces.

The angle of separation of the grain from the rotating electrode is determined by the surface resistance. The lower the electrical resistance of the grain, the faster they come off the surface of the rotating electrode. As a result, grains are divided into classes in the receiving device according to the degree of injury.

The seed electric separator allows the separation of seeds of the same culture, which are identical in dielectric properties and sizes, but different in degree of injury due to differences in surface resistance and thereby separate difficult to separate grain mixtures.

Claims (1)

A universal corona electric separator containing a loading hopper, a high voltage source, an electric motor, a corona and semiconducting grounded sedimentation electrodes, a classifier, the precipitation electrode being made in the form of a conveyor belt of electrically conductive material capable of changing its own electrical resistance under the influence of optical radiation, characterized in that the device further comprises a sequentially installed infrared heater configured to the heating zone, an air intake device, a lower blower device located under the conveyor belt, an optical irradiator, while the conveyor belt is perforated with grooves.

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