RU2569145C1 - Set of mechanical and hydraulic recultivation of disturbed lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: set of mechanical and hydraulic recultivation of disturbed lands includes machines, machinery, devices combined into single process with closed cycle of the water supply, and made self-moving and/or modular installed on movable platforms, spaced-apart time spaced. The maps are prepared by self-moving machines on bottom of the open mine working by back filling and compaction of the filtering dams, on them water outlets are installed, they are closed against ingress of the floating objects by the protective gratings or jumpers. The water settler is divided by the filtering dam with water outlet to large map of the settler, to which via the drain channels on the drop walls of the open mine working the rain, thawed and drain water are directed, and to small map of the settler - sump, where on the floating pontoon with the installed the sludge pump for water supply for pulp creation or protective grating covered suction of the sludge pump installed on the drop wall of the open mine working. Preparation of the loose rock mass during single process is divided to stages: extraction, separation of boulders, their grinding and rock mass loading, this stages are executed by machines and machinery. Boulders are separated during excavation of the rock mass from the dump pits by the bucket of the loading machine, and on the inclined protective grating of the crushing rolls, that simultaneously ensures re-start of the rock mass pieces with size suitable for the hydraulic transportation on the conveyor, crushing by teeth of the crushing rolls, and re-start of pieces of weak rocks to the conveyor, separation and re-start of pieces of strong rocks by teeth installed along spiral to the jaw crusher, where they are crushed to dimensions suitable for hydraulic transportation, and their re-start on the conveyor for delivery to the mixer for the pulp formation. The pulp is formed by mixing of the prepared rock mass with water in ratio 1:3-1:5 in the mixer by the mechanical or hydraulic devices. The pulp pressure hydraulic transportation is performed by coal pump or sludge pump via the pulp line, having pulp discharges distributed over the maps with shutoff valves and devices of flow jet turn by 90 degrees, they are installed on the drop walls of the open mine working and/or map dams, at that the pulp discharges and water outlets are arranged at the diametrically opposite map corners. Rocks wash-over in maps is performed successively from top to bottom maps and settler. Water is filtered through the dam body, and its surplus is cleaned by the cascade overflow over the water outlets to the neighbouring maps, and large and small maps of the settler. Dimensions of the small map are specified by the dimensions of the floating pontoon or sump volume equal to 3-5 times hour capacity of the sludge pumps used for water supply to for the pulp forming. Flattening of sides of the open mine working is performed after filling of all maps by the mechanical and/or hydraulic method considering their protection against water erosion and direction of recultivation of the disturbed lands, at that degree of restoration of the underground water hydrological mode is determined. If the degree of restoration of the underground water hydrological mode does not comply with the condition of complete absorption of the rain, thawed, drain and drainage waters the depression of the recdultivated surface is provided with the water outlet of the water surplus to the external water areas.

EFFECT: reduced labour intensity of recultivation of the disturbed lands, and ecological harm to environment.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, can be used in open pit mining and in other industries where large volumes of restoration of disturbed lands are required.

There is a method of restoring disturbed lands during open pit mining of mineral deposits (RU 2444628, IPC Е21С 41/32, published March 10, 2012), which includes separate excavation, movement and storage in separate soil dumps, and soil groups are laid periodically up to dump height 2 , 5 m when flatting the sides of the blade 25-35 °. The lower part of the group with a thickness of 15-20 cm is a low-fertile overburden, the middle part of the group with a thickness of 10-12 cm is laid with a natural cultivator with a fraction size of not more than 10 mm, and the upper part of the group is filled with organic fertilizer.

The disadvantages of the method are the use of loading equipment and vehicles, low productivity.

There is a method of reclamation of shallow quarries located in alluvial deposits (RU 2433268, IPC E21C 41/32, publ. 10.11.2011), including the extraction of building materials and the development of placers. The technical result of the method is to accelerate the process of restoration of disturbed lands by increasing the stability of laid open pits to erosion processes, as well as by creating reservoirs in the worked out space with parameters favorable for restoring their biological productivity. To do this, flattening the sides of the quarry is carried out from the bottom up by adding them using stronger rocks taken from the bottom of the quarry. Filling can be carried out up to different vertical marks on the quarry, depending on the mining conditions of the deposit.

The disadvantage of this method - to sprinkle the sides of the quarry requires a large amount of equipment.

A known method of forming and preparing external dumps and quarries for biological reclamation (RU 2359127, IPC Е21С 41/32, publ. 06/20/2009), which includes gross or selective overburden dumping, the device of the shielding layers, rough and fair layout of the surface of the dumps, flattening or terracing of slopes, covering a technogenic surface with a fertile layer, pre-sowing treatment, anti-erosion organization of the territory. In this case, the formation of the dump at full height is carried out by simultaneous dumping on the southern part of the quarry, from the western to the eastern with 20-100-meter wide, steady, flanged terraces with storm spillways, from the quarry, as its continuation is 3-6 times narrower, with a bias to the body of the blade, on the opposite side of the blade. Moreover, the zero terrace is located on the day surface of the quarry side, onto which the removed humus layer of soil is stored from the calculated area of the dump, with the simultaneous irrigation of the laid rock with solutions of clay, pyrogenic conglomerates and other overburden in the drainage and waste waters of concentration plants, while the root layer of dumps and terraces are formed with an aqueous solution of removed soil, biologically active overburden, biodynamic preparations and other components.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the construction of terraces.

There is a method of reclamation of slopes during open pit mining (RU 2088760, IPC E21C 41/32, published on 08.27.1997), in which a number of blocks are formed on the top of the slope along its edge with dams, followed by filling them with a hydraulic mixture of potentially fertile rocks, starting from the unit farthest from the main pipeline. The height of the slurry layer in each block depends on the parameters of the block, the physical and mechanical properties of the rock and slurry, as well as on the parameters of the prism of the possible collapse of the reclaimed slope.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is a method of hydraulic laying rocks in dumps or disturbed lands (Nurok GA Processes and technology of hydromechanization of open cast mining. M: Nedra, 1979. - 549 p.), Including excavation and preparation sandy and sandy loam rocks using excavators, dredgers or dredges, transporting them to a dump, hydraulic laying using an overpass and without an overpass method for washing rocks.

The disadvantages of the method are the complexity and complexity of the system of alluvium.

The aim of the proposed method is to reduce the complexity of the work on the restoration of disturbed lands and environmental damage to the environment.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the machines, mechanisms and devices of the mechanohydraulic reclamation complex for disturbed lands are combined into a single technological process with a closed water supply cycle, made self-propelled and / or modular, mounted on movable platforms and spaced in space and time; maps are prepared by self-propelled machines at the bottom of open pit mining by filling and compaction of filtering dams, on which spillways are mounted that are closed from floating objects by protective gratings or jumpers; The water sump is divided by a filtering dam with a spillway, in which the channels at various levels are left in the body, into a large sump card, into which storm, melt and drainage water is sent along the gutters on the ledges of the open pit mine, and a small sump card - the sump where they are placed on a floating pontoon, a slurry pump for supplying water to pulp formation or a suction of a slurry pump located on a ledge of an open mine working closed by a protective grill; the preparation of bulk rock in a single technological process is divided into stages: excavation, separation of oversized materials, their crushing and loading of rock mass, which are carried out by machines and mechanisms, while the separation of oversized rock is carried out when excavating rock mass from dumps with a loading machine bucket and on an inclined roll protective grille crusher, which simultaneously bypasses pieces of rock in sizes suitable for hydrotransport to a conveyor belt, crushing teeth of a roller crusher and bypass pieces of weak rock d to the conveyor, separating and transferring pieces of strong rock with teeth mounted in a spiral line to the jaw crusher, where they are crushed to sizes suitable for hydrotransport, and transferring them to the conveyor for delivery to pulp forming in the mixer; pulp formation is carried out by mixing the prepared rock mass with water in a ratio of 1: 3-1: 5 in a mixer, where the rock mass is mixed by mechanical or hydraulic devices; pressure hydraulic pulp hydrotransport is carried out by a coal suction pump or a slurry pump along a pulp line having pulp discharges distributed across the cards with shutoff valves and 90 degree rotation devices that are mounted on ledges of an open mine working and / or card dams, while pulp discharges and spillways are located in diametrically opposite directions card corners; rocks are washed up in the cards sequentially from the upper to the lower cards and the sump, while the water is filtered through the body of the dam, and its surplus is cleaned by cascading overflow through spillways to neighboring cards, as well as the large and small cards of the sump, while the dimensions of the small card are regulated by the size of the floating pontoon or sump volume equal to 3-5 times the hourly capacity of a slurry pump for water supply for pulp formation; flattening of opencast mining boards is carried out after filling all the maps mechanized and / or hydraulically, taking into account their protection against water erosion and the direction of restoration of disturbed lands, while determining the rate of restoration of the hydrological regime of groundwater.

If the indicator of the restoration of the hydrological regime of groundwater is not satisfied, the condition of the complete absorption of storm, melt, sewage and drainage water is equipped with the drainage of the reclaimed surface by the discharge of excess water into external water bodies.

The essence of the proposed mechanical-hydraulic complex is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of mechanohydraulic reclamation of open pit mining. The following conventions are adopted in the drawing: 1 - open pit mining; 2 - filtering dam; 3 - spillway; 4 - a protective lattice or bridge with water access from below; 5 - sump for water; 6 - a large map of the sump; 7 - ledge of an open mountain excavation; 8 - small map of the sump; 9 - pontoon; 10 - slurry pump; 11 - pipeline; 12 - an inclined protective lattice; 13 - roller crusher; 14 - scraper conveyor; 15 - jaw crusher; 16 - mixer; 17 - coal pump or slurry pump; 18 - pulp line; 19 - distributed pulposbros; 20 - device for turning the stream of the jet; 21 - dump; 22 - loading machine.

The complex of mechanohydraulic remediation of disturbed lands provides the preparation of cards for receiving pulp, a sump for receiving water, preparation of rock from external and / or internal dumps, pulp formation, transportation of pulp to cards, washing rocks in maps, water purification, water supply for pulp formation and flattening of boards open mountain excavation. The complex includes self-propelled machines and modular mechanisms and devices, combined into a single technological process with a closed water supply cycle and mounted on relocatable platforms, as well as sectional pipelines with quick-disconnect connections for ease of installation and dismantling of equipment, spaced in space and time.

The maps are prepared by self-propelled machines at the bottom of an open mine 1 by filling and compacting the filter dams 2 with mounting spillways 3 on them, closed from floating objects by protective grilles 4 or jumpers with water access from below. At the same time, a water sump is divided by a filter dam with a spillway, in the body of which channels are left at different levels for water flow, to a large map 6 of the sump, into which storm, melt and drainage waters are sent along the gutters on the ledges 7 of the open pit; the sump card is a sump 8, where a slurry pump 10 is placed on a floating pontoon 9 for supplying water for pulp formation to a mixer 16 through a pipe 11 or a suction of a slurry pump 10 located on a ledge 7 of an open mining ki; the preparation of bulk rock in a single technological process is divided into stages: excavation, separation of oversized materials, their crushing and loading of rock mass, which are carried out by machines and mechanisms. Oversize is separated when the rock mass is removed from the dumps by the bucket of the loading machine and on the inclined protective grill 12 of the roll crusher 13, which simultaneously bypasses the pieces of rock in sizes suitable for hydrotransport to the conveyor 14, crushes the teeth of the roll crusher and transfers the pieces of weak rock on the conveyor 14, separation and bypassing of pieces of solid rocks with teeth mounted in a spiral line into the jaw crusher 15, where they are crushed to sizes suitable for hydrotransport mouth, and transferring them to the conveyor 14 for delivery to pulp forming in the mixer 16, equipped with mechanical or hydraulic mixing devices. Pulp forming is carried out by mixing the prepared rock mass with water in a ratio of 1: 3-1: 5 in the mixer 16, set at an angle of 5-6 degrees, directed towards the coal pump or slurry pump 17, where the rock mass is mixed mechanically or hydraulically. Pressure hydraulic pulp hydrotransport is carried out by a coal suction pump or a slurry pump 17 through a slurry line 18 having pulp discharges 19 distributed over the cards with shutoff valves and devices for turning the stream stream 20 by 90 degrees, which are mounted on the ledges of the open mine working 7 and / or card dams 2, while pulp discharge and spillways are located in diametrically opposite corners of the maps. The rocks are washed in the cards sequentially from the farthest to the nearest sump card, while the water is filtered through the body of dam 2, and its surplus is cleaned by cascade overflow through spillways 3 into adjacent cards, large and small cards 8 of the sump 5, while the dimensions of the small card 8 are regulated dimensions of a floating pontoon or sump volume equal to 3-5 times the hourly capacity of a slurry pump for supplying water to pulp forming. The flattening of the sides of open-pit mining 1 is carried out after filling all the cards mechanized and / or hydraulically, taking into account their protection against water erosion and the direction of restoration of disturbed lands, while determining the rate of restoration of the hydrological regime of groundwater. If it does not satisfy the condition of complete absorption of storm, melt, sewage and drainage water, then the cavity of the reclaimed surface is equipped with a spillway of excess water into external water bodies.

The proposed complex of mechano-hydraulic reclamation of disturbed lands allows reducing environmental damage with open mining technology, combining reclamation with mining operations and shortening reclamation times.

Claims (2)

1. A complex of mechanohydraulic reclamation of disturbed lands, including machines, mechanisms, devices that implement operations provided for by the method of mechanohydraulic reclamation of disturbed lands, preparation of maps for receiving pulp, a settling tank for water intake, preparation of rock mass from external and / or internal dumps, pulp formation, transportation pulp in the cards, washing rocks in the cards, water purification, water supply for pulp formation and flattening of the sides of an open mining excavation, characterized in that the machine, mechanic zmy and complex devices mehanogidravlicheskih revegetation combined into a single process with a closed cycle water, made self-propelled and / or modular mounted on a movable platform and are spaced apart in space and time; maps are prepared by self-propelled machines at the bottom of open pit mining by filling and compaction of filtering dams, on which spillways are mounted that are closed from floating objects by protective gratings or jumpers; The water sump is divided by a filtering dam with a spillway, in which the channels at various levels are left in the body, into a large sump card, into which storm, melt and drainage water is sent along the gutters on the ledges of the open pit mine, and a small sump card - the sump where they are placed on a floating pontoon, a slurry pump for supplying water to pulp formation or a suction of a slurry pump located on a ledge of an open mine working closed by a protective grill; the preparation of bulk rock in a single technological process is divided into stages: excavation, separation of oversized materials, their crushing and loading of rock mass, which are carried out by machines and mechanisms, while the separation of oversized rock is carried out when excavating rock mass from dumps with a loading machine bucket and on an inclined roll protective grille crusher, which simultaneously bypasses pieces of rock in sizes suitable for hydrotransport to a conveyor belt, crushing teeth of a roller crusher and bypass pieces of weak rock d to the conveyor, separating and transferring pieces of strong rock with teeth mounted in a spiral line to the jaw crusher, where they are crushed to sizes suitable for hydrotransport, and transferring them to the conveyor for delivery to pulp forming in the mixer; pulp formation is carried out by mixing the prepared rock mass with water in a ratio of 1: 3-1: 5 in a mixer, where the rock mass is mixed by mechanical or hydraulic devices; pressure hydraulic pulp hydrotransport is carried out by a coal suction pump or a slurry pump along a pulp line having pulp discharges distributed across the cards with shutoff valves and 90 degree rotation devices that are mounted on ledges of an open mine working and / or card dams, while pulp discharges and spillways are located in diametrically opposite directions card corners; rocks are washed up in the cards sequentially from the upper to the lower cards and the sump, while the water is filtered through the body of the dam, and its surplus is cleaned by cascading overflow through spillways to neighboring cards, as well as the large and small cards of the sump, while the dimensions of the small card are regulated by the size of the floating pontoon or sump volume equal to 3-5 times the hourly capacity of a slurry pump for water supply for pulp formation; flattening of opencast mining boards is carried out after filling all the maps mechanized and / or hydraulically, taking into account their protection against water erosion and the direction of restoration of disturbed lands, while determining the rate of restoration of the hydrological regime of groundwater. 2. The complex of mechanohydraulic reclamation of disturbed lands according to claim 1, characterized in that if the groundwater hydrological regime is not met by the condition for complete restoration of storm, melt, sewage and drainage water, the recess of the reclaimed surface is equipped with a spillway of excess water into external water bodies.

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