RU2567745C1 - Method for production of vegetable oil of melon seed extraction cake - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: method for production of vegetable oil and expression cake of melon seeds involves seeds drying, seeds clearing of impurities, seeds milling, mashed mass moisture and heat treatment, forepressing to produce oil and expression cake, cake milling, final expression of oil from forepressed expression cake and oil primary clearing; after clearing from impurities, melon seeds are hulled by the repeated impact method; then one isolates free fruit coat from the hulled grain mass (on a sieve surface in a vertical air flow) so that to produce a kernel fraction containing 20-25% of fruit coat with further milling.

EFFECT: invention allows to produce high-protein extraction cake.

3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the oil industry, in particular to methods for the production of vegetable oils from oilseeds and can be used to obtain vegetable oil and oilcake from melon seeds.

A known method of producing oil from melon seeds (see patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2082422 "Method for producing melon oil" dated 06/27/1997), including grinding of melon seeds, extraction of crushed material, filtering miscella, evaporation and drying. The main disadvantage of this method is the use of expensive and explosive solvent, as well as its large losses, because there is no special solvent recovery system from the gas-air mixture obtained in the process of its distillation from miscella and meal.

Closest to the claimed method is a method for producing oil and oilcake from melon seeds (Prince G. Kasyanova .. V. Derevenko, EP Franko, “Processing technology of fruits and seeds of melons and gourds”, Krasnodar, Ecoinvest, 2010 , p. 108), including drying of seeds, cleaning seeds from weeds and metallomagnetic impurities, grinding seeds on a roller mill to produce mint, moisture and heat treatment of mint in a roasting pan, forcing the pulp to produce oil and oilcake, grinding oilcake, final extraction of oil from forpress press cake and primary oil cleaning.

The disadvantage of this method is to obtain a cake with a mass fraction of crude protein of less than 35%, because processing of melon seeds is carried out without first removing the fruit shell, the amount of which is 32-34% of the mass of seeds with a moisture content of 5-6%, as well as a low oil yield.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of the obtained meal, i.e. increase its feed value.

The technical result is to obtain high protein meal with a mass fraction of crude protein of at least 42.5%, calculated on absolutely dry matter.

The technical result is achieved in that in a method for producing vegetable oil and oilcake from melon seeds, including drying seeds, cleaning seeds from weed impurities, grinding seeds, heat and thermal treatment of peppermint, compression molding to obtain oil and oilcake, grinding oilcake, final oil extraction from forpress oilcake and primary oil purification, melon seeds after cleaning from weed impurities are unleashed by a single blow method and then free fruit fruit is separated from a rushenka on a sieve surface and in a vertical air stream olochku to obtain sound fraction containing 20-25% fruit coat, followed by grinding.

In the invention, the production of high protein meal is achieved through the use of a combination of sequentially performed and interconnected technological operations, including crushing melon seeds in a centrifugal rush by a single blow of the melon seeds and extracting a free fruit shell in the air separator from the russula to produce a core fraction containing 20-25% of the fruit shell . Studies have shown that melon seeds of the varieties Amiri and Asian Oval contain a total protein of 33.2-35.1%, a fruit coat of 32.6% -34.2% with a moisture content of 5-7%. The chemical composition of the fruit coat of melon seeds includes nitrogen-free extractives in an amount of 41-44% and fiber in an amount of 38-42%. Thus, the fruit shell is a ballast, the high content of which significantly affects the feed value of the cake. The morphological feature of melon seeds is the presence of an air gap between the fruit membrane and the nucleus of the achene. The specific work of the destruction of seeds of melons of the Amiri variety with their moisture content of 5.6% along the long axis is 539.8 J / kg, which is less than with destruction, when the dynamic load is directed when the achene is "on the edge" or "flat", which is respectively 570.9 J / kg and 608.9 J / kg. For Asian oval melon seeds, with a moisture content of 6.2%, the specific fracture work along the axis length is 556.7 J / kg, and when positioned on the “rib” and “flat”, respectively, 590.6 J / kg and 624 5 J / kg. In this regard, it is advisable to drop melon seeds in a centrifugal rushka, where in the channels of a rotating rotary device, when moving, they are oriented along their long axis. Therefore, flying achenes predominantly hit the deck along its long axis. On the other hand, a single impact of seeds on the deck causes minimal contact between the particles of the kernel and the fruit shell, which significantly reduces its oiling, i.e. the loss of oil with husks compared with collapsing seeds with a multiple blow, for example, in a scourge rush is noticeably less. When collapsing in a centrifugal rush by a single blow method, the resulting rushka contains up to 26% of free husk, chopping up to 34% and oil dust up to 9%. Therefore, in the air separator in the receiving chamber on the sieve surface, it is possible to separate small particles of the core and after that in the vertical air flow it is possible to separate the free fruit shell from the russula to its total content of 20-25% (free and bound fruit shell in the form of a nedorushka and whole) the kernel fraction, from which the oil is then squeezed after grinding and thermal treatment to obtain a high protein meal containing crude protein of at least 42.5%, calculated on an absolutely dry basis.

Thus, the totality of these features in the claims allows to achieve the desired technical result.

Experimentally, in bench conditions, the seeds of the Amiri and Asian Oval melons were brought down in a centrifugal rush of the MPC-5 brand with a single blow at a productivity of 110-407 kg per hour. The resulting rushanka contained: whole and nedorush 30.6-40.5%, free fruit shell 21.4-25.7%, kernels and cuts 30.9-34.8% and oil dust 7.2-8.9% (passage fraction of core particles through a sieve with a hole diameter of 2 mm). Then, oil dust and partially fine particles of the core were removed from the russel in the MKK-400 air separator in the receiving chamber on the screen surface, and then the free fruit shell was separated in a pneumatic separating channel in a vertical air stream. The obtained core fraction contained 20–25% of the fruit shell in a bound and free state, which made it possible to obtain high-protein cake with a crude protein content of 42.5–46.6% in terms of the amount of crude protein after grinding oilseed material, its thermal treatment, and oil extraction. absolutely dry matter. An increase in the content of the fruit coat in the core fraction of more than 25% leads to a decrease in the content of crude protein in the resulting meal of less than 42.5% in terms of absolutely dry matter. A decrease in the content of the fruit shell in the core fraction of less than 20% when it is separated in the air separator requires an increase in the air velocity in the pneumatic separating channel, which leads to an increase in the removal of particles of the core with the fruit shell removed by the air stream by more than 1.5% and, on the whole, increases irretrievable oil losses.

The inventive method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. In a bench environment on a centrifugal rush brand MRTs-5 melon seeds were brought down at a capacity of 407.3 kg per hour. The resulting rushanka contained 21.4% of the free fruit coat and oil dust of 7.2%. Then, a rushanka was fed into an MKK-400 brand air separator, where partially fine kernel particles and oil dust were sequentially separated in a receiving chamber on a sieve, and then a free fruit shell was removed in a pneumatic separating channel in a vertical air stream. The core fraction obtained after the air separator had a total fruit shell content of 24.9%, and in the separated free fruit shell removed from the air separation channel, the removal of core particles was 0.84%. Next, the core fraction was subjected to grinding, thermal treatment and oil was squeezed out of the pulp on a screw press. In the resulting cake, the mass fraction of crude protein in terms of absolutely dry matter was 42.5%.

Example 2. The conditions and sequence of technological operations are similar to example 1. Melon seeds at a load of 190.4 kg per hour were brought down in a centrifugal rush. The composition of the resulting russel was characterized by a free fruit coat content of 24.6% and oil dust 8.5%. Then, the free fruit shell was separated from the russel in the air separator, while the obtained core fraction had a total fruit shell content of 23.8%, and in the free fruit shell removed, the removal of core particles was 1.09%. Next, the core fraction was subjected to grinding and thermal treatment, and oil was squeezed out of the pulp on a screw press. The cake obtained after the screw press contained a mass fraction of crude protein in terms of absolutely dry substance 44.3%.

Example 3. The conditions and sequence of technological operations are similar to example 1. Collapse of melon seeds was carried out in a centrifugal rush at a productivity of 110.8 kg per hour. The resulting rushanka contained a free fruit coat of 25.7% and oil dust of 8.9%. Then, the free fruit shell was separated from the rusheka in an air separator, while the obtained core fraction contained a free and bound fruit shell 20.1%, and the removal of particles of the core in the removed free fruit shell amounted to 1.48%. Next, the core fraction was subjected to grinding and thermal treatment, and oil was squeezed out of the pulp on a screw press. The resulting cake contained a mass fraction of crude protein in terms of absolutely dry matter of 46.6%.

Claims (1)

A method of producing vegetable oil and oilcake from melon seeds, including drying seeds, cleaning seeds from weed impurities, grinding seeds, heat and thermal treatment of peppermint, prepressing to obtain oil and oilcake, grinding oilcake, final oil extraction from forpress oilcake and primary oil cleaning, characterized in that that melon seeds, after cleaning from weedy impurities, are brought down by the method of a single blow, and then a free fruit shell is separated from a rushenka on a sieve surface and in a vertical air stream to obtain a kernel howl fraction containing 20-25% fruit coat, followed by grinding.