RU2563260C2 - Method of processing of brown coal in place of its bedding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method of processing of brown coal in the place of its bedding comprises drilling of vertical, inclined or horizontal wells from daylight surface down to the deposit, simultaneous mechanical action by axial and radial water jet flows from the borehole hydromining tool. The physical action is performed by means of rotation of radial flows, untwisting the crushed rock mass around the borehole hydromining tool, thus implementing jet mill effect. The suspension with the first dispersed medium is obtained in the form of the first target product - liquid concentrate of water-soluble humic acids which after rotary elutriation of brown coal and inorganic components is sucked in through the filter by the borehole hydromining tool and is supplied to the daylight surface. After drainage of the extraction chamber the physical and chemical impact action on the elutriated brown coal is performed by means of supply into the extraction chamber of alkalized water which as the second target product through the filter is sucked in by the borehole hydromining tool and is supplied to the daylight surface. Further obtaining target products.

EFFECT: significant growth of productivity and expansion of range of the target products obtained during of production in the form of useful mineral components.

Description

The invention relates to mining, to the field of downhole hydraulic mining of solid minerals and can be used for primary enrichment of mineral raw materials in a mining test site.

In the second half of the twentieth century, the development of new geotechnological methods for the extraction of solid minerals by means of wells drilled from the surface to the reservoir was intensified. The main technical idea driving the development of these methods is the development of deposits in difficult geological conditions, not in open or mine methods, which are ineffective in this case, but in a deserted underground method with mining operations from the surface of the earth by transferring solid mineral or its useful component to mobile state with the subsequent delivery of the resulting product in the form of pulp, liquid, gas to the surface and leaving mineral waste in the waste volume alezhi.

The known method of underground leaching (PV), so far focused, to a greater extent, on the extraction of uranium, gold, copper (see, for example, Kalabin A.I. Mineral extraction by underground leaching and other geotechnological methods. - M .: Atomizdat, 1981 ; RU 2185507 and others).

The known method of underground coal gasification (CCGT) from the surface, including using mines (see, for example, Skafa P.V. Underground coal gasification. - M .: Gosgortekhizdat, 1960; Kreinin E.V., Fedorov N. A., Zvyagintsev KN Underground gasification of coal seams. - M .: Nedra, 1982; Production of various types of energy during underground coal combustion using the Uglegaz technology. - Collection of scientific works / Edited by the Acad. .V. Rzhevsky. - M .: MGI, 1983; RU 2354820 and others).

The well-known method of downhole hydraulic production (SRS) of solid minerals (see, for example, Arens V.ZH. Well production of minerals. - M .: Nedra, 1984 and others). Only in this direction, a retrospective search for patented domestic technical solutions has revealed more than one and a half thousand inventions devoted to various aspects of the development of the SRS method - from designs of downhole hydraulic production shells to schemes and modes of mining extraction chambers and deposits. A foreign patent fund is characterized by a wider range of applications of the SRS method, for example, for technological purposes.

A common drawback of the mentioned geotechnologies - analogues can be identified as the absence of their mutual complementation in order to achieve greater efficiency of mining solid mineral deposits (for example, SRS + PV).

The closest to the proposed technical solution are the work of Burchakov A.S., Grinko N.K., Kovalchuk A.B. The technology of underground mining of stratified mineral deposits. - M .: Nedra, 1978; AS of the USSR No. 1346799; Tkachenko N.F. The direction of development of non-traditional technologies for coal mining and its processing at the place of occurrence. - M.: Mountain Gazette, 1993, No. 1. - S. 12-17; Mikheev O.V., Melnik V.V., Dmitriev V.A. The technology of developing a coal field through wells from the surface. // Scientific and technical. developments of Moscow State Mining University, AO UK “Kuznetskugol” and “VNIIhydrogoul”. - M .: MGGU, 1994. - S. 100-106, generalized and developed in the doctoral dissertation of V. Melnik "Development of technological solutions for downhole hydraulic coal mining." - M., 2005, selected for the prototype.

The prototype creates a set of technological solutions for the extraction, primary processing and transportation of coal to the consumer based on the integration of geotechnologies and a combination of various ways to realize the potential of hydropower, primarily based on the SRS method.

As the main disadvantage of the prototype, we can note the fact that this known technical solution reveals the technical capabilities of the hydropower potential from only one physical (mechanical) side, while other sides of this potential, for example, chemical, are no less productive.

The goal is to expand the potential of hydropower in the processing of solid minerals, in particular brown coal, at its location, including using the chemical properties of water, aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions, etc.

The task is implemented as follows. Processing of brown coal at the place of its occurrence is carried out by exposing the rock to the deposits from the day surface through drilled wells, first using high pressure jet jets that destroy the rock into pieces, crush the rock pieces and grind them into coarse particles in the hydraulic mixture. Then, the mechanical agent of the impact of the potential of hydroelectricity - water - is given the property of a specific physical, chemical or physico-chemical agent of the impact and in the process of dynamic dispersion of brown coal, a suspension with a dispersed medium is obtained in the form of a liquid target product that is exposed to the day surface. After this, if necessary, sequentially have other types of directional effects on the solid dispersed phase, obtaining other suspensions with other dispersed media in the form of other target products.

Let us consider in more detail the effect of the proposed method on the example of brown coal processing in a deep-seated (160-180 m) formation with a capacity of 5.6 m Talovskoye field of the Tomsk region of the Russian Federation. Talov lignite, regarded by experts as a chemical and energy raw material, is characterized as a chemical raw material with a high content of humic acids, montan wax, resins, bitumen, heavy rare metals, as an energy raw material - the possibility of layered burning, burning in a circulating fluidized bed, dust nozzle burning , as well as in the form of semi-coke briquettes. To implement the named capabilities, various methods of surface processing of Talovsk brown coal mined by open pit are proposed. However, deep seams of coal in these methods are not processed, because are considered abandoned / off-balance sheet and not subject to economic development by mining and / or mining methods.

To implement the invention, an SRS mining range is equipped - the technological scheme for the strapping of this ground-based complex includes a drilling rig of the UKB-500 or URB-ZAM type, a cement unit CA-320, a pump M-9T, a compressor PKS-8/101; the underground part of the landfill includes a cased hole ⌀ 168 mm, tubing and a borehole hydraulic production tool of the SGS or SES type. The landfill has equipped storage facilities for target products and recycled water: alluvial maps, tanks and a settling pond with a water source (well, lake, river).

Hydraulic destruction of coal in a deep seam is carried out by axial and radial jets of water under a pressure of 20–40 atm from hydraulic nozzles with a diameter of 8–12 mm.

Manipulating a downhole hydraulic production tool in the volume of the formed flooded excavation chamber with a diameter of 8–14 m and a height of 5.6 m, they realize the effect of a jet mill or an “activator-type washing machine”, organizing the process of dispersing Talovan brown coal according to a “piece-piece-particle” scheme with subsequent elutriation of coal and the inorganic component from the water-soluble part of such an organic component as humic acid, which is sucked in through the filter GHS / SES and issued to the surface.

After draining the extraction chamber, alkalized water is supplied to it in a reverse circuit - a 10% aqueous solution of KOH / NaOH alkali, which is intensively mixed with the solid fraction, and as a result of a chemical reaction, the remaining humic acids are converted into salts - potassium / sodium humates, which in liquid form, they are sucked in through the GHS / SES filter and are delivered to the surface.

After repeated drainage of the extraction chamber, an emulsion of a solvent of organic substances, for example, water-gasoline or water-alcohol-gasoline, is intensively mixed with the solid fraction and, as a result of bitumen, resins and wax, are extracted into the composition of the liquid dispersed medium, the latter is sucked through the SGS / SES filter and is emitted onto the day surface from the upper part of the filled extraction chamber, then from the middle part of the filled chamber, a solid carbon-containing tatok and, last of all, from the bottom of the extraction chamber a mineral sediment containing heavy rare metals is deposited on the day surface.

In another embodiment, after draining the extraction chamber for the third time, the energy component of the brown coal and the mineral component are delivered sequentially to the alluvial maps by water.

Using one of the extraction chambers from Talovsk brown coal, by the proposed method, it is possible to obtain: humic acids - up to 55 tons; humates - up to 25 tons; amounts of organic substances (montan wax, resins, bitumen) - up to 25 tons; enriched coal - up to 185 tons; hydrometallurgical raw materials - up to 10 tons

Thus, using the invention as an example, it has been shown that the use of hydropower potential with modified physicochemical properties in a combination of geotechnological methods of SRD + PV allows you to: significantly increase the productivity of PV - productive solutions in a mining chamber with a volume of up to 300 m ^{3 are} produced within 1-2 hours ; carry out coal enrichment - energy raw materials are freed from organic and mineral components; to obtain other valuable components in the place of occurrence of coal, which serve as sources of raw materials for obtaining a number of marketable products; ensure the environmental safety of the subsoil and the earth’s surface due to the rapid flow of technological processes (the time required is 3-5 days, including arranging the landfill, drilling a well, working in a dredging chamber and dismantling equipment).

Claims (1)

A method of processing brown coal at the place of its occurrence by physical, chemical or physico-chemical impact on the rock of the deposit through the wells, vertical, inclined or horizontal, drilled from the surface to the deposits, obtaining the target product in liquid or gaseous form and issuing it to the daily surface, characterized in that the impact on the rock formations is carried out by sequentially disclosing the technical capabilities of the potential of hydropower, namely, first on the selected part rock deposits have a simultaneous mechanical effect of the axial and radial hydromonitor jets from a borehole hydraulic projectile under a pressure of 20-40 atmospheres, destroying the rock into pieces, crushing pieces of rock, forming a flooded excavation chamber with a diameter of 8-14 meters and a height of 6 meters, then exert a physical effect by rotating the radial jets, spinning a crushed rock mass around a borehole hydraulic shell, realizing the effect of a jet mill, and in the process of cyclic dynamic dispersion of brown coal according to the "lumps - lumps - particles" scheme, obtaining a suspension with the first dispersed medium in the form of the first target product - a liquid concentrate of water-soluble humic acids, which, after the rotational elutriation of brown coal and inorganic component, is sucked in through a filter by a borehole hydraulic production tool and it is emitted on the day surface, after draining the extraction chamber, a physicochemical effect is carried out on the treated brown coal by feeding into the extraction the chamber of alkalized water - a 10% alkali solution of KOH / NaOH - followed by intensive intensive rotational mixing with brown coal, chemical conversion of water-insoluble humic acids remaining in brown coal into their salts - potassium / sodium humates, which represent the second dispersed medium, which, as a second target product, is sucked in through a filter by a downhole hydro-mining projectile and discharged to the day surface, after re-draining the extraction chamber, they carry out a chemical effect on brown coal, free from humic acids, by feeding a solvent of organic substances — water-gasoline or water-alcohol-gasoline — into the extraction chamber of the aqueous emulsion, followed by intensive intensive rotational mixing with brown coal, chemical extraction of bitumen, resins and waxes into the third dispersed medium, which is the third target product through a filter it is sucked in by a borehole hydraulic production shell and issued to the day surface, after draining the extraction chamber for the third time, they perform physical effects to the remaining coal-mineral mixture by feeding a swirling flow of water into the extraction chamber with filling the extraction chamber and forming in the middle part of the extraction chamber an aqueous suspension with a solid phase in the form of a carbon-containing residue and in the lower part of the extraction chamber - an aqueous suspension with a solid phase in the form of a mineral precipitate, of this suspension from the middle of the extraction chamber, containing the fourth target product in the form of finely dispersed energy brown coal, is sucked in by a borehole hydraulic shell and issued to the surface, and then the slurry from the bottom of the recessed chamber comprising a fifth title product as a heavy rare metal compounds suitable for hydrometallurgical redistribution is sucked downhole gidrodobychnym shell and provided on the surface.