RU2558419C2 - Device for measurement of parameters of action of blasting cap with shock-wave tube - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: demolition works.

SUBSTANCE: device for measurement of parameters of action of a blasting cap with a shock-wave tube consists of an unit for blasting cap initiation, an unit for initiation of detonation process in the shock-wave tube, a time meter, a time meter starting sensor, a blasting cap initiation sensor, a power supply and signal processing unit for sensors, a sensor of measurement of speed of detonation process in a shock-wave tube. The detonation process rate sensor of the shock-wave tube is located 1 m from the time meter starting sensor and 1 m from the end of the shock-wave tube section fixed in the blasting cap.

EFFECT: possibility to measure parameters of initiation of the blasting cap with the shock-wave tube section with high precision for all known non-electric detonation systems of such type.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of measuring the response parameters of detonator caps (CD) with a shock wave tube (UHT) of the Nonel type in non-electric explosive systems. These parameters are the speed of the detonation process in the shock wave, the initiating ability of the CD and the response time of the CD along with a segment of the shock wave of a certain length.

A device for determining the detonation speed of low-power detonating cords of the "waveguide" type with a translucent sheath (RU No. 2232388 C2, 07/10/2004, G01N 33/22, G01P 3/68), in which the measurement of the propagation time of a detonation wave inside a UVT segment with translucent shell. The device contains two photosensors located at a fixed distance from each other, a power source and a chronograph, interconnected, means for attaching a waveguide between the photosensors, the initiating device. As photosensors, highly sensitive phototransistors were used, the operating range of which lies in the wavelength range of the visible radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum, and as a chronograph, a digital electronic time meter, the start and stop of which are carried out by signals from photosensors that respond to light radiation of the detonation wave front passing above them inside waveguide after activation from the initiating device. The detonation velocity is defined as the average speed of the detonation wave passing the distance between the photosensors.

Measuring the response time of CDs with UHT using a known device is very difficult to use, since the design of the sensor stopping the chronograph is not designed to work with CDs and can lead to the destruction of the sensor. In addition, the use of photosensors can lead to an uncertainty in fixing the moment when the detonation front passes through the photosensor installation point due to the effect of a very long “afterglow”, which lasts for about 1 second after the operation of the shock wave.

Closest to the proposed invention is a device for determining the response time of an initiator-free detonator capsule (options), which offers two options for determining the response time of an initiator-free detonator capsule having a shock wave tube with a translucent sheath as a pulse conductor from the initiating device (RU No. 2328748 C2, 07/10/2008, G01P 3/64, C06C 7/00). According to option 1, the device comprises a chronograph, a chronograph triggering photosensor that responds to radiation from the front of the detonation wave passing inside the UHT after its initiation. The photosensor is located near the UVT at a distance along its length of at least 30 cm from the initiating device and at a distance of 1 m along its length from the end fixed in the CD. The chronograph stop piezoelectric transducer, which responds to the shock when the CD is triggered, is located on a metal plate, on the opposite side of which a CD is placed opposite it, and the plate thickness at the sensor mount is 10-30 mm. The device according to option 2 as a stopping chronograph sensor contains a photosensor that responds to radiation when the CD is triggered and is located near the CD placed in the sleeve, in which a slot is made with a width of at least 5 mm and a length of 3-10 mm. The chronograph stop photosensor can be equipped with a protective screen from fragments when the CD is triggered. Chronograph start and stop photosensors have a working range in the wavelength region, covering the visible and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The common disadvantage of options 1 and 2 of the known device is the use of photosensors to start the chronograph due to the uncertainty of fixing the moment the front of the detonation inside the UHF of the photosensor installation point passes. Such an uncertainty can be associated with the passage of radiation from detonation through a multilayer scattering medium — a UVT shell, accompanied by a process of long “afterglow”, and due to the variety of types and colors of UVT shells in modern systems of non-electric explosion, the photo sensors used can hardly provide universality for different types of UVT. A significant drawback of the device is the impossibility of controlling the initiating ability of the CD (detonation completeness) by the conventional method of breaking through a lead plate, as well as the unreliability (fragility) of the design of blasting the CD on a metal plate with a chronograph piezoelectric stop sensor in option 1 of the device requiring a power supply and signal conversion channel independent of the photosensor , which inevitably complicates the electrical circuit of the device.

The technical result of the present invention is the ability to directly measure the passage time and closure of the gaps of ionization sensors located on fixed bases by the detonation front, which allows calculating the speed of the detonation process in UHT and the response time of the detonator capsule connected to the UHT segment, as well as by blowing the CD to a typical lead plate to determine the initiating ability of CD.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the device for measuring the response parameters of the detonator capsule with a shock wave tube, consisting of a node for detonating the detonator capsule, a detonation initiation unit in the shock wave tube, a time meter, a start sensor of a time meter, a sensor for fixing the moment of detonation of the capsule-detonator, a power unit and processing signals from sensors, a sensor for measuring the speed of the detonation process in the shock wave tube is introduced, located at a distance of 1 m from the start sensor of the time meter and at a distance of 1 m from the end of the segment of the shock wave tube fixed in the detonator capsule, and the start sensor of the time meter and the sensor for measuring the speed of the detonation process in the shock wave tube are made of ionization type needle with the placement of the ionization gap inside channel shock wave tube. In addition, the unit for detonating the detonator capsule is configured to detonate it on a typical lead plate to determine the initiating ability, and the detonation moment fixation sensor is ionized with the location between the detonator capsule and the lead plate, the power and signal processing unit from three ionization sensors are made with the possibility of trigger conversion of pulse signals into potential ones, i.e. step-shaped signals, for reliable recording of time intervals between signals from sensors, and a two-channel digital storage oscilloscope with the possibility of cursor measurement of time intervals between signals from three ionization sensors is used as a time meter.

Figure 1 shows a general diagram of a device for measuring the response of a detonator capsule with a shock wave tube, where the positions are:

1 - site for undermining the CD;

2 - lead plate;

3 - detonator capsule;

4 - a segment of a shock wave tube 2.3 m long;

5 - initiating device (DUT);

6 - power supply and signal processing from sensors (UP);

7 - time meter (IW);

8 - ionization sensor (D1) start time meter;

9 - ionization sensor (D2) measuring the speed of the detonation process in the shock wave;

10 - ionization sensor (D3) fixing the moment of detonation of the CD.

The KD 1 blasting unit on a standard lead plate 2 is a typical device for testing detonator capsules for their initiating ability and response time. The detonator capsule 3 with a UVT 4 segment 2.3 m long can be any of the currently used non-electric blasting systems (SINV, KORSHUN, NONEL, PRIMADET, etc.), on the UVT segment 4, the locations of the sensors D1 and D2 are marked before testing then KD3 is mounted on the lead plate 2 with simultaneous mounting between the KD and the plate of the sensor 10 for fixing the moment of detonation of the KD (D3). Sensor D3 is a segment of a thin insulated wire, one end of which is connected to the connector on the wall of the muffle and, thereby, to the input (UP) of the power supply and signal processing from the sensors 6. Then the free end of the UHF is connected to the (DUT) initiating device 5, which can be used as a manual mechanical device with a “Zhevelo” capsule, and, on marked places, the ionization sensors D1 and D2 are installed. The sensors D1 and D2 have the same design, consisting of two steel needles (0.4 mm in diameter, 30 mm long) with single insulated conductors soldered to the blunt ends to connect to the inputs of UP 6. Each pair of needles is inserted at right angles through the UVT shell and at right angles to each other at a distance of about 0.5 mm between the needles. The distance between the sensors D1 and D2, equal to 1 m, can be easily set with an accuracy of ± 1 mm and is the basis for measuring the speed of the detonation process in UHT. UP 6 is compact, contains a common voltage supply for three sensors and trigger converters with a Kron battery, signal control elements for UP operation and performs the function of registering impulse signals from sequential triggering of D1-D3 sensors and converting them into potential outputs for delivery to inputs of the time meter 7. As the IV 7, a two-channel digital oscilloscope (for example, GDS-840C) can be used, which allows high-precision time measurements from the moment of starting screwdrivers according to the signal from the operation of the sensor D1 to the signals from the operation of the sensors D2 and D3, as well as between the signals from D2 to D3. All electrical connections of the device are made according to the scheme with common ground.

The device operates as follows (see Fig. 1). The initiating device 5 initiates the detonation process in the section of the shock-absorbing device 4. In the section of the shock-wave device 0.3 m long to the installation site D1, the detonation in the channel becomes stationary and its front “closes” the ionization gap between the needles of the sensor D1, having passed the measuring segment of the shock-wave device (1 m ) the detonation front “closes” the ionization gap between the needles of the D2 9 sensor, having passed yet another measured segment of the shock wave (1 m), the detonation front in the shock wave channel reaches the “filling” of KD3, which leads to detonation of the main charge of the KD, direct short circuit of the insulated sensor wire ka D3 10 to the ground and penetration of lead plate 2. The diameter of the punched hole allows us to make a conclusion about the level of the initiating ability of KD3.

The pulse signals when sensors are triggered, received at the UP 6 inputs, with the help of a trigger converter are changed over a time of the order of 0.5 μs (response time of each converter channel) to a step-shaped signal with an amplitude of the supply voltage (battery of the Krona type) and fed to the inputs Oscilloscope GDS-840C. In this case, the signal from the triggering of the D1 sensor triggers a single sweep of the oscilloscope and the screen shows the start of the countdown time, when the D2 sensor is triggered, after the detonation front passes through the 1 m segment, the signal in the form of a step is recorded on channel 1, and when the CD is triggered from the D3 sensor in the form of a step is recorded on channel 2. Digital recording of the sensor response signals allows a high degree of accuracy to measure the time intervals between the moments of their occurrence and calculate the following their parameters of the CD operation process with the UVT segment (see Fig. 1):

1) the speed of the detonation process in UVT by dividing the length of the measuring segment (1 m) by the time between the signals from the sensors D1 and D2;

2) the response time of a CD with a 2-meter-long UVT segment by measuring the time interval between signals from sensors D1 and D3;

3) the response time of a CD with a 1-m long UVT segment by measuring the time interval between signals from a sensor D2 and D3;

4) the response time of the detector by calculating the difference between the time measured in accordance with claim 3 (the response time of the detector with a UVT segment 1 m long) and the time interval between the signals from sensors D1 and D2, i.e. response time of the UVT segment 1 m long.

Along with the determination of the initiating ability of CDs, the ability to measure the above parameters of CDs with UHF allows us to conclude that the problem of the invention is solved in full and additionally note the universality of the application of the developed device in all modern non-electric blasting systems using UHTs of the Nonel type. Such universality requires the fulfillment of only one condition: the UVT segment must have an accurately measured length from the CD to the initiating device, after which it is sufficient to install ionization sensors at a distance of 0.3 m and 1.3 m from the initiating device (see Fig. 1, sensors D1 and D2 ) and perform the test in the manner described above. The accuracy of measuring the speed of the detonation process in a UHT segment with a length of 1000 mm ± 1 mm for a time of 530 μs ± 2 μs (SINV) is ± 10 m / s, and the accuracy of measuring the response time of a CD of any type of deceleration with a UHT segment depends on the digital resolution of the oscilloscope, matched to measure such a time.

Claims (6)

1. A device for measuring the response parameters of a detonator capsule with a shock wave tube, consisting of a node for detonating a detonator capsule, a detonation initiation unit in a shock wave tube, a time meter, a time meter start sensor, a detonation moment detonation sensor for a capsule detonator , a power and signal processing unit from sensors, characterized in that a sensor for measuring the speed of the detonation process in the shock wave tube is introduced at a distance of 1 m from the start sensor I time and at a distance of 1 m from the end of the interval of shock wave tube, fixed in the detonator cap. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the start sensor of the time meter and the sensor for measuring the speed of the detonation process in the shock wave tube are made of needle-type ionization with the placement of the ionization gap inside the channel of the shock wave tube. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the node for detonating the detonator capsule is configured to detonate it on a typical lead plate to determine the initiating ability. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor for fixing the moment of detonation is made ionization with an arrangement between the detonator capsule and the lead plate. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the power supply and signal processing unit from three ionization sensors is configured to trigger the conversion of pulse signals into potential ones, i.e. step-shaped signals, for reliable recording of time intervals between signals from sensors. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a two-channel digital storage oscilloscope is used as a time meter with the possibility of cursor measurement of time intervals between signals from three ionization sensors.