RU2554374C1 - Method for recovery and transportation of gas hydrates from bottom sediments and submarine vessel for recovery and transportation of gas hydrates - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes production of gas hydrates, their transportation to a consumer and decomposition of gas hydrates with gas recovery. Gas hydrate recovery process is implemented at thermodynamic parameters corresponding to formation of gas hydrates. Transportation of gas hydrates is performed in sealed and heat insulated cargo spaces of a vehicle at thermodynamic parameters excluding decomposition of gas hydrates. Decomposition of gas hydrates with gas recovery upon completed transportation is made by reduction of pressure in cargo space of a vehicle up to atmospheric pressure. Process of gas hydrate recovery and their storage during transportation is carried out at temperature of -0.2°C and pressure of 1 MPa. At that gas hydrates are withdrawn in hydrate state as briquettes by n-containers run down in sequence to submarine reservoir of gas hydrates from a submarine vehicle. The submarine reservoir of gas hydrates is heated up by heating elements located at edges of n-containers. Each n-container is buried in sequence to submarine reservoir of gas hydrates to the depth twice exceeding the container height. Upon loading of each n-container by free falling of gas hydrates they are loaded to cargo space of a vehicle. The vehicle is made as a submarine vessel. While heating submarine reservoir of gas hydrates only reservoir section under the container is heated. Containers are filled with gas hydrates represented by briquettes of natural metastable mineral in hydrate solid state.

EFFECT: improving efficiency in recovery and transportation of gas hydrates due to reduced consumption of energy and reduced capital and current costs.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the production and transportation of gas from gas hydrates of bottom sediments mainly by submarine transport.

A known method of production and transport of gas from gas and gas hydrate offshore fields, including the extraction of natural gas by wells, its processing in a hydrated state using heat and transportation on a mobile device to a device supplying gas to a consumer (patent RU No. 2198285, 02/10/2003 [1] )

There is also known a method of extracting gas hydrates from the bottom of the ocean using a mining device in the form of a self-propelled combine with means of control, communication, production and loading, and a device delivering them to the surface in the form of a barge with vehicles and ascent to the surface (Application RU No. 2004106857 / 03, declared 03/09/2004; published on 08/20/2005 [2]).

The known method requires complex construction and control equipment. The extracted gas hydrates during their transportation can lose a significant amount of gas - hydrate former and make mining of minerals expensive and unprofitable.

There is also known a method of producing gases (methane, its homologues, etc.) from solid gas hydrates in the bottom sediments of the seas, oceans, in which two pipe columns are pumped into the well of the identified gas hydrate layer drilled to its bottom - pumping and pumping. Natural water with natural temperature or heated water enters through the injection pipe and decomposes gas hydrates into a gas-water system, which accumulates in a spherical trap formed in the bottom of the gas hydrate formation. Another pipe string carries out evacuation of gases (including flammable gases - methane, etc.) from this trap (application RU No. 2005139956, announced December 20, 2005; published June 27, 2007 [3]).

Also known are methods and devices for the extraction of natural gas on the high seas and from bottom accumulations of gas hydrates (patent RU No. 2381348 [4], patent RU No. 2393338 [5], patent RU No. 2403379 [6], patent RU No. 2489568 [7] , patent RU No. 2402676 [8], patent RU No. 2491420 [9], patent RU No. 2230899 [10], patent RU No. 2198285 [11], patent RU No. 2159323 [15], patent RU No. 2438009 [16]), as well as devices for the marine transportation of natural gas from the place of their production (patent RU No. 2440272 [17], patent RU No. 2062731 C1, 06/27/96 [18], patent RU No. 2027632 C1, 01/27/1995 [19], patent RU No. 2048371 C1, 11.20.95 [20], RU patent No. 2087375 C1, 08.20.97 [21], RU patent No. 2093411 C1, 10.20.97 [22], RU patent No. 2387571 C1, 27.0 4.2010 [23]).

Known methods for the extraction of natural gas require complex construction and management equipment. Produced gas hydrates during their transportation can lose a significant amount of gas - hydrate former and make the extraction of minerals expensive and unprofitable [4-16].

The main disadvantages of vehicles (devices) [17-23] for the marine transportation of gas hydrates are, for example, when modernizing the use of a submarine - a large amount of space, in addition to the submarine tank, is used for own needs: numerous compartments, light and durable hulls, an energy system, a large number of submariners, many auxiliary office and household premises and devices. They tried to take into account the elements of the water medium and liquid cargo - light oil in the proposals for the construction of submarine tankers with a hull of two permeable frames with a flexible sealed tank inside for loading cargo and two additional soft tanks for balancing the buoyancy of the tanker. From the underwater hull there are thrusts to the floats up and to the towing vessel [19].

In an improved analogue, the interaction of the towing vessel with the tanker body with permeable walls also includes floating elements, and the traction from the latter passes together with the pipelines, the first pipeline being used to pump liquid cargo and has an inlet valve into the cavity of the underwater tanker, and when draining from the second pipeline with a valve exit from the tanker through the first bottom is supplied with high pressure air [20].

Tankers with permeable hulls need tugboats, have difficulty adjusting the depth of the tank when driving, the design of the draft of the load behind the tug is not optimal for traction applications of force, storms, oncoming vessels, reefs are dangerous, which can lead to environmental disasters. A liquid cargo, having a density less than the density of water, especially light oil, has a large positive buoyancy in water, which is difficult to extinguish, so working with an air tank and floats becomes unclaimed. In addition, the water being poured into a separate shell displaces the same volume of water in the permeable body and has zero buoyancy. An analogue of an underwater tanker for navigation in ice conditions with external and internal strong hulls, including a common inter-side set of connections, is distinguished. The cargo compartments are made in the form of polyhedra - prisms or pyramids, which generally give the body an ice-breaking shape [21].

An increase in the rigidity and strength of the tanker hull increases the size of negative buoyancy, which can be used to offset the positive buoyancy of light and medium oil, and the tanker reaches the zero buoyancy, which must be available for passage under water. To break the ice, it is necessary to create increased positive buoyancy for the pressure of the tanker from the bottom up and then work from top to bottom in the above-water position, which can be done with an empty cargo compartment on the return flight for oil, but there are problems in balancing buoyancy, safety, and reducing the desired volume of cargo carried, and the unforeseen ice thickness during ascent and passage may exceed 2-3 m.

In the known technical solution [22], a horizontal ballast tank with an elastic partition separating the upper part of the fresh water tank from its lower part with ballast water is used as a container for fresh and sea water, and the deflection can be full up or down to fill the entire tanks with fresh or sea water.

In the well-known technical solution [23], an underwater armored tanker with a streamlined profile of longitudinal and cross sections is proposed, has an external strong hull-shell of a cargo tank, made with two partitions for the mass of all transported oil or its products. The underwater armored tanker also contains a horizontal separation two-layer soft shell, two buoyancy control compartments, two navigational pilots, two remotely controlled cone docking devices, pipelines, pumps, four batteries, four reversible electric motors and a landing bottom. Achieved increased safety, unsinkability of the tanker, cargo preservation in an emergency without violating the ecology of the water area.

There is also known a method of producing gas from gas hydrates of bottom sediments, which is characterized by the fact that a gradual dissolution of the upper layer of accumulations of gas hydrates is carried out with water having a natural temperature of the reservoir and not a saturated solution of gas, feeding it into a bell lowered to the bottom to form water-gas mixture with methane and its homologues, pump the mixture of methane and its homologs to the surface first by force, then due to the gas lift effect, the water supplied to the bell is distributed internally th surface of its wall by means of thin tubes at the end provided with the bottom of the bell-nozzle hydrants for power supplying water in different directions to erosion sediments gas hydrates (Patent RU №2412337, 20.02.2011 [24]).

There is also a known method of delivering natural gas to a consumer, including producing gas hydrates, moving them to a consumer, decomposing a gas hydrate to produce a gas, in which the gas hydrate is obtained in the form of a hydrated pulp with a gas hydrate particle content of about 50% of its volume, while the process of producing gas hydrates is carried out under thermodynamic parameters corresponding to the formation of a gas hydrate, with heat taken from a mixture of natural gas and water with ice-water pulp, preferably with a particle size of not more than 10 microns, with By blowing ice particles about 50% of the volume of ice-water pulp, which is evenly distributed over the reactor volume, the transportation of gas hydrate pulp is carried out in sealed, thermally insulated cargo areas of the vehicle, with thermodynamic parameters excluding the decomposition of gas hydrate, and the decomposition of gas hydrate pulp with gas extraction, upon completion of its transportation carry out the reduction of pressure in the cargo room of the vehicle to atmospheric, while the ice-water pulp formed in the process once deposits of gas hydrate pulp, return, with preservation of its temperature, to the place of production of gas hydrates, where it is reused in the production of ice-water pulp suitable for the production of gas hydrate, while the process of obtaining gas hydrates and their storage during transportation is carried out at a temperature of -0.2 ° C and a pressure of 1 MPa (patent RU No. 2496048 C1, 20.102013 [25]).

The disadvantage of this method [25] is the need for underwater drilling, which is technically burdensome, costly, and sometimes introducing irreparable damage to the existing underwater environment of the reservoir.

In addition, the use of a surface vessel for the extraction and delivery of natural gas, especially in the northern regions with adverse weather conditions, significantly reduces the effectiveness of these works.

There is also a method of delivering natural gas to a consumer in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG) upon receipt of the latter at gas reduction stations (GDS) using turbo expanders (Vasiliev Yu.N. “Motor fuels of the future.” “Gas industry” 1995, No. 1 [ 26]).

The disadvantage of the method [26] is the complexity of manufacturing turbo expanders at high costs, working in the field of cryogenic temperatures, the need to use special cryogenic structural materials for the manufacture of the expander, and therefore the high capital costs, the need for deep gas purification from components that are high-boiling compared to methane, which otherwise the turbo-expander freezes and incapacitates, the fundamental impossibility of continuous operation of the one-expander system, while redundancy leads to an increase in cost, complexity of the control modes expander under varying pressures, flow and temperature of natural gas passing through GDS.

A known method of delivering natural gas to a consumer in insulated cargo spaces of a vehicle and dissociating gas hydrate by supplying heat from sea water outside with a temperature of + 20 ° C. When implementing this technological scheme, gas hydrate is transported on board the vessel in bulk, in the form of solid fragments of various shapes, at atmospheric pressure and temperature minus 20 ° C, which sharply reduces the intensity of heat supply to the hydrate (at the stage of its decomposition) due to its freezing in large agglomerates. In addition, seawater, at temperatures close to 0 ° C, is removed overboard and is not useful as a coolant in the production of a new hydrate (see JS Gudmundsson and A. Boslashrrehaug. Frozen Hydrate for transport of Natural Gas. AE & NUST. 1996 [27]).

There is also a known method of delivering natural gas to a consumer, including receiving gas hydrates, moving them to a consumer, decomposing gas hydrate to produce gas (see RU No. 2200727, class C07C 5/02, 1997 [28]).

The disadvantages of the method include the fact that the process of delivering gas to the consumer is highly energy-consuming, because The gas hydrate production stage requires repeated compression and subsequent cooling of the gas, and the use of the same energy to create hydrate formation conditions and hydrate preservation; energy costs are also high at the stage of gas hydrate decomposition to produce gas.

A common disadvantage of the known technical solutions is the use of pipelines in the production of gas hydrate, while hydrates can form in wellbores, industrial communications and pipelines. Being deposited on the walls of pipes, hydrates sharply reduce their throughput.

In addition, economic calculations show that the most efficient is the sea transport of gas in a gas-hydrated state.

As a prototype, a method for delivering natural gas to a consumer, described in the information source [25], and a device for delivering natural gas, made in the form of a submarine [23], were selected.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to reduce energy consumption for the delivery of gas to the consumer.

The technical result expected from the use of this invention is to reduce energy, capital and current costs for obtaining gas hydrate and its reverse dissociation after delivery to the consumer. In addition, the material consumption of the set of equipment required to implement the method is reduced.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of delivering natural gas to the consumer, including receiving gas hydrates, moving them to the consumer, decomposing gas hydrates to produce gas, while the process of producing gas hydrates is carried out at thermodynamic parameters corresponding to the formation of gas hydrate, the gas hydrate mixture is transported in sealed, thermally insulated cargo areas of a vehicle, with thermodynamic parameters excluding decomposition of gas hydrate, p what is the decomposition of gas hydrate pulp with gas extraction, upon completion of its transportation, is carried out by reducing the pressure in the cargo area of the vehicle to atmospheric, the process of obtaining gas hydrates and their storage during transportation is carried out at a temperature of -0.2 ° C and a pressure of 1 MPa, in which , unlike the prototype, the gas hydrate mixture is selected in the hydrated state in the form of briquettes, by means of n-containers, which are alternately lowered to the underwater reservoir of gas hydrates from the underwater vehicle, they are heated underwater the gas hydrate layer, by means of heating elements located in the edges of the n-containers, each of the n-containers is successively buried into the underwater gas-hydrate layer to a depth exceeding twice the height of the container, after filling each of the n-containers with the gas-hydrated mixture, they are lifted into the cargo the vehicle’s premises, the vehicle is designed as a submarine, while heating the underwater layer of gas hydrates, they heat up a section (only a section) of the gas hydrate formation under the contour jener, the gas-hydrate mixture filled with containers consists of briquettes of natural metastable mineral in their hydrated - solid state, and in a submarine for transporting gas hydrates, containing a sturdy hull - a cargo tank shell, a dividing soft shell, tanker buoyancy regulation compartments, navigational cabin , residential and auxiliary compartments, docking device, pipelines, pumps, power plant, electric motors, software, communications, security, tra The vehicle is made with a streamlined profile of longitudinal and cross sections, in contrast to the prototype, the cargo tank is equipped with a shaft with a lifting mechanism of the elevator type for alternately lowering and lifting n-containers, the ribs of which contain heating elements, a regular lightweight body, in the bow made ice-break form the possibility of ice breaking from above and below.

The features of the limiting part of the claims regarding the method, namely, that the gas hydrate mixture is selected in the hydrated state in the form of briquettes, by means of n-containers, which are alternately lowered onto the underwater gas hydrate formation from the underwater vehicle, the underwater gas hydrate formation is heated by means of heating elements placed in the ribs of n-containers, each of the n-containers is successively buried in the underwater gas hydrate formation to a depth exceeding twice the height of the container, after filling with homing of each of the n-containers with a gas-hydrate mixture, they are lifted into the cargo compartment of the vehicle, and the signs of the restrictive part of the claims regarding the vehicle solve the following functional problems.

Obtaining gas-hydrate mixture in the form of briquettes, automated lifting of briquettes into the hold of the vehicle and its subsequent transportation to the destination. In this case, the gas hydrate mixture selected in the form of briquettes is a natural metastable mineral in a hydrated state, and an additional economic effect can be achieved if consumers transport the transported gas and clean water remaining after hydrate decomposition (water is purified from impurities when gas hydrates are formed).

It is possible to transport the gas hydrate mixture in ice conditions, including ice sections in extreme shallow water with depths of 8-10 m.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, where the figure shows a fragment of the technological scheme of a complex of equipment that ensures the implementation of the claimed method at the stages of extraction of gas hydrates and their shipment to the vehicle.

The drawing shows a gas hydrate formation unit, including: a vehicle 1 having a lightweight 2 and strong 3 body, which is the shell of a cargo tank 4, in which n-containers 5 are placed, the ribs 6 of which contain heating elements 7. The cargo tank 4 is equipped with a shaft 8 s lifting mechanism 9 of the elevator type, the regular lightweight 2 housing in the bow 10 is made in the form of an icebreaking form. In the drawing, the positions also indicate the gas hydrate formation 11 and the operating position 12 of the container 5 when loading the gas hydrate.

Instrumentation and other auxiliary devices necessary for the operation of the gas hydrate forming unit, as well as the means of movement and navigation, ensuring the implementation of the claimed method, are not shown in the drawing.

As a gas hydrate storage unit, a thermally insulated tank (or several tanks) is used, made with the possibility of maintaining the thermodynamic equilibrium of the gas hydrate stored in them and also equipped with means for dispatching material to the consumer, using the horizontal method of cargo handling with standard port loading means through special loading hatches.

The cargo capacity 4 of the vehicle 1 is made in the form of a thermally insulated tank that can withstand a pressure of more than 10 atm (1 MPa). Its thermal insulation is made as a layer of polyurethane foam with a thickness of about 100 mm.

The vehicle 1 is made in the form of a submarine and contains a durable hull-shell of a cargo tank 4, a dividing soft shell, regular compartments for regulating the buoyancy of the vehicle, navigational cabin, residential and auxiliary compartments, a docking device, pipelines, pumps, a power plant, electric motors, tools software control, communications, security, the tanker is made with a streamlined profile of longitudinal and cross sections, has a robust shell-shell of a cargo tank. The cargo tank is equipped with a shaft with a lift-type lifting mechanism for alternately lowering and lifting the n-containers, the ribs of which contain heating elements, the regular lightweight body in the bow is made in the form of an icebreaking form.

In recent years, many projects and programs have been proposed, including the project of an underwater supertanker for transporting liquefied gas from the Arctic by the American company General Dynamics, a five-year program of the Canadian government to create submarine ships for transporting oil, gas and other minerals. There are several projects for submarine tankers and dry cargo vessels. However, none of these projects and programs were destined to be implemented. This is due to the fact that they all require significant investment in the design and construction of specific underwater vehicles, as well as the creation of a special infrastructure for ports and locations for them.

Exploratory research began in the early 90s in the direction of the most economical way of creating transport submarines, while the main attention was paid to the issue of using nuclear submarines removed from the Navy. This is currently the most acceptable way to solve the problem, since replacing missile weapons with payload allows you to effectively use the technical capabilities of militarily obsolete ships.

The creation of an alternative marine transport system for year-round delivery of products without icebreaking assistance on one vehicle is a nuclear submarine (NPS) converted for the transport of goods. In this option, a significant economic effect can be achieved, for example, by re-equipping a heavy nuclear submarine cruiser, withdrawn from the Navy under an international arms reduction treaty. To meet the nuclear submarine's new purpose, it is necessary to implement the following three qualities (not connected together on any of the existing vehicles):

- the ability to transport a significant amount of cargo (in regulated packaging) - up to 10 thousand tons or more - underwater;

- the ability to overcome ice floes with a concentration of 8-10 points and a thickness of up to 1.5-2 m in the surface

- the presence of draft in the cargo of not more than 9.5 m to overcome rifts on the northern rivers.

Conventional submarines overcome ice obstacles in a submerged position, sailing at a safe depth exceeding the maximum sediment of ice formations (hummocks, icebergs) for a given region, which requires a sufficient depth of the sea (usually at least 70-100 m), and to enter ports with ice-breaking support is required in the freezing water area and shallow, including river, access routes (for example, Dudinka) in the above-water position.

Thus, it is necessary to ensure sufficient ice penetration of the submarine in the surface position. The existing shallow-sitting icebreakers (Taimyr, Vaigach, Kapitan Sorokin) are capable of breaking ice to a thickness of 1.6-2 m at depths of 7-9 m and on the fairways of rivers, but they are not seaworthy. Sea, including atomic icebreakers of the Arctic type, having high ice permeability, as well as large draft, are not suitable for calling at ports with shallow approaches.

Vessels of the type of nuclear lighter carrier "Sevmorput" class UL, with high cargo capacity, have a draft of more than 10 m and insufficient ice penetration, which does not provide year-round operation.

Therefore, the most optimal vehicle choice is the conversion of a nuclear submarine, which has the largest buoyancy margin and minimal basic draft. At the same time, the required carrying capacity of the vessel with scuba diving, as well as minimal draft in the surface position is realized by dismantling the missile system and increasing the width of the bow, as well as reinforcing a number of ballast tanks.

The aft part of the hull, including the nuclear power plant, does not change (taking into account the need to develop full power to ensure ice penetration). The module for providing navigation, control, navigation, communications and ice lighting facilities is also retained. Ice reinforcements are added to the LL1 class of the Register, including reinforcements of the superstructure and giving the light hull (mainly in the bow) an icebreaking shape optimized for ice penetration. To reduce the parking time at the port, a horizontal method of cargo handling by regular port loading facilities through special loading hatches with a diameter of 4.5 m can be used.

With sufficient depth of the sea, the vehicle 1 overcomes ice fields in underwater position. In shallow water (depths of 17-70 m), vehicle 1 floats to a positional position and, having a relatively large draft, breaks ice from below. To overcome ice sections in extreme shallow water with depths of 8-10 m, as well as to increase the ice penetration of vehicle 1 when meeting with hummock sections and the possibility of raiding, it floats into a surface cruising position and breaks ice from above, like an ordinary shallow icebreaker.

Thus, the vehicle 1 overcomes the ice fields, changing its draft depending on the depth of the sea and the state of the ice, and the special shape of its nose allows you to destroy the ice both from below and from above.

It should be noted a number of advantages of using vehicle 1 in comparison with traditional navigation of transport vessels with icebreaking support in the eastern part of the Kara Sea: there is no need for the constant presence of sea icebreakers in the eastern part of the Kara Sea and river icebreakers in the Yenisei Gulf and the river;

- there is no danger of ice captivity of ships in severe ice conditions at Cape Zhelaniya;

- it becomes possible to transport cargo to any point on the Arctic coast (crossing under the ice of the Central Arctic), including the coast of Canada and Alaska.

The methods of movement of the vehicle 1 can reduce the duration of the transition in winter compared to icebreaking transport by 2-3 times. The transition under the ice to the coast of the Western Arctic can be completed in a week, while the vehicle 1 under ice conditions in the shallow waters of the Beaufort, Chukotsky and Beringov seas can be carried out above the surface using the above three methods of forcing ice barriers. Swimming underwater at a depth of 100 m has at least three advantages:

- independence from weather conditions on the surface of the sea (wind, waves);

- the ability to develop greater speed in comparison with the surface position, where cavitation of propellers is possible, especially in stormy conditions;

- the ability to force ice fields in the presence of a sufficient depth of the sea (60 m or more) without the need for ice destruction.

The propulsion system of vehicle 1 provides an economical underwater speed with a speed of 16-18 knots and with a speed of 2-3 knots in the surface position when forcing a solid ice cover up to 2.6 m thick. The presence of two thrusters significantly increases the agility of vehicle 1, especially on small moves. The agility in ice conditions in a positional position can be significantly improved by maneuvering the trim: flooding the stern, feeding it under the edge of the ice channel and breaking the ice by removing the trim.

When scuba diving vehicle 1 at a safe depth in ice conditions of the northwestern part of the Kara Sea with draft keels of hummocks up to 20 m, the depth of the sea should be at least 60-70 m. In areas of the sea with lesser depth, vehicle 1 should float to overcome ice fields. The ice situation, for example, on the Dudinka-Dikson-Cape Zhelaniya-Murmansk highway is described statistically, and the entire route can be divided into three sections according to the conditions for overcoming ice fields. Three types of conditions are distinguished: mild, moderate and severe. Under medium and light conditions, the Barents Sea and the northwestern part of the Kara Sea do not require icebreaking for the whole year: the thickness of the ice at Cape Zhelaniya is not more than 0.7 m. Under severe conditions, ice thicknesses of up to 1.2-1 may be encountered in February-May , 8 m, which can be overcome in underwater position.

The main parameters of the vehicle 1: immersion depth 400 m, hull diameter 23 m, length 183 m, displacement 30,000 tons, speed 25 knots, nuclear reactor 2 OK-650.

The method is implemented as follows.

The vehicle 1 is located above the gas hydrate formation 11.

Through the shaft 8 by means of a lifting mechanism 9 of the elevator type, n-containers 5, the ribs 6, which contain the heating elements 7, are alternately lowered to the gas hydrate reservoir 11. By means of the heating elements 7, a portion of the gas hydrate reservoir 11 is heated under the n-containers 5 and they are lowered onto a depth exceeding twice the height of the container, after filling each of the n-containers with gas-hydrate mixture, they are lifted into the cargo area of the vehicle 1. In this case, the gas-hydrated mixture in Each of the n-containers 5 has a briquette shape.

Obtaining gas-hydrate mixture in the form of briquettes, automated lifting of briquettes into the hold of the vehicle and its subsequent transportation to the destination. In this case, the gas hydrate mixture selected in the form of briquettes is a natural metastable mineral in a hydrated state, and an additional economic effect can be achieved if consumers transport the transported gas and clean water remaining after hydrate decomposition (water is purified from impurities when gas hydrates are formed).

The claimed method of delivering natural gas to a consumer by a vehicle made in the form of an icebreaking submarine is safer than the known technical solutions.

It ensures the preservation of cargo in an emergency without violating the ecology of the water area, going to depth in stormy weather, and safety in collisions.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 2198285, 02/10/2003.

2. Application RU No. 2004106857/03, declared 03/09/2004; publ. 08/20/2005.

3. Application RU No. 2005139956, the application. 12/20/2005; publ. 06/27/2007.

4. Patent RU No. 2381348.

5. Patent RU No. 2393338.

6. Patent RU No. 2403379.

7. Patent RU No. 2489568.

8. Patent RU No. 2402676.

9. Patent RU No. 2491420.

10. Patent RU No. 2230899.

11. Patent RU No. 2198285.

12. Patent RU No. 2306410.

13. Patent RU No. 2250365.

14. Patent RU No. 2451171.

15. Patent RU No. 2159323.

16. Patent RU No. 2438009.

17. Patent RU No. 2440272.

18. Patent RU No. 2062731 C1, 06/27/96.

19. Patent RU No. 2027632 C1, 01/27/1995.

20. Patent RU No. 2048371 C1, 11/20/95.

21. Patent RU No. 2087375 C1, 08/20/97.

22. Patent RU No. 2093411.

23. Patent RU No. 2387571 C1, 04/27/2010.

24. Patent RU No. 2412337 C1, 02.20.2011.

25. Patent RU No. 2496048 C1, 10.20.2013.

26. Vasiliev Yu.N. Motor fuels of the future. "Gas industry", 1995, No. 1.

27. J.S. Gudmundsson and A. Boslashrrehaug. Frozen Hydrate for transport of Natural Gas. AE & NUST. 1996.

28. Patent RU No. 2200727, 1997

Claims (2)

1. The method of production and transportation of gas hydrates of bottom sediments to the consumer, including the production of gas hydrates, their movement to the consumer, the decomposition of gas hydrates to produce gas, while the process of producing gas hydrates is carried out at thermodynamic parameters corresponding to the formation of gas hydrates, the transportation of gas hydrates is carried out in sealed heat-insulated cargo spaces of the vehicle with thermodynamic parameters excluding the decomposition of gas hydrates, and p the laying of gas hydrates with the selection of gas, upon completion of their transportation, is carried out by reducing the pressure in the cargo compartment of the vehicle to atmospheric, the process of obtaining gas hydrates and their storage during transportation is carried out at a temperature of -0.2 ° C and a pressure of 1 MPa, characterized in that gas hydrates are selected in the hydrated state in the form of briquettes, by means of n-containers, which are subsequently launched onto the underwater reservoir of gas hydrates from the underwater vehicle, the underwater reservoir of gas hydrates is heated by means of heating elements located in the ribs of n-containers, each of the n-containers is successively buried into the underwater layer of gas hydrates to a depth twice the height of the container, after filling with each of the n-containers with gas hydrates, they are lifted into the cargo room of the transport means, the vehicle is made in the form of a submarine, while heating the underwater gas hydrate formation, the section is heated - only the section of the gas hydrate formation under the container, gas guides The containers filled with containers are briquettes of a natural metastable mineral in their hydrated - solid state. 2. A submarine for the extraction and transportation of gas hydrates, containing a sturdy hull - a shell of a cargo tank, a dividing soft shell, compartments for regulating the buoyancy of a tanker, navigational cabin, residential and auxiliary compartments, a docking device, pipelines, pumps, a power plant, electric motors, software tools control, communication, security, the vehicle is made with a streamlined profile of longitudinal and cross sections, characterized in that the cargo capacity is equipped with a shaft with cargo a lifting mechanism of the elevator type for alternately lowering and lifting n-containers, the ribs of which contain heating elements, the regular lightweight body in the bow is made of ice-breaking shape with the possibility of ice breaking from above and below.

Images