RU2553380C1 - Method of anti-erosion soil treatment on slopes and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises undercutting soil on the contour lines of the slope, its turnover and laying not in their furrows. The layer is undercut in cross section in the form of rectangles of different widths. The two extremes layers are undercut to a depth of (0.7…0.8)h and placed in the furrows formed by ploughing of the middle layers, without turnover, where h is the depth of treatment with double bodies (middle layers). The device comprises a frame, a disc blade, joggers, double body, right- and left-handed plough bodies. The right- and left-handed plough bodies are made with a cylindrical working surface. The plough bodies are mounted on the frame vertically higher than the double body by the magnitude Δh=(0.2…0.3)h, where Δh is the distance between the blades of ploughshares on the vertical.

EFFECT: such technology and constructive implementation enable to increase the efficiency of retention of meltwater on sloping lands at optimal costs.

5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production and agricultural engineering.

A known method of combating soil erosion on the slopes and a device for its implementation [1]. The method includes creating in the soil in the autumn period transverse to the slope of the trenches and cutting at the bottom of the water-absorbing gap to the parent rock. The trenches are mulched by plant debris with the creation of mulches 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the width of the trench above the last layer of mulch. The protruding part of the mulch, not mixed with the ground, does not freeze in winter and acts as a water-retaining element inside the gap. The relatively thick straw cushion formed by mulch in the trench and above it protects the walls of the cracks from freezing, which ensures the moisture-absorbing ability of the gap. A device for implementing this method contains a frame, slitherer, raking plant residues device, straw collector. A blade is fixed at the upper end of the slit.

The disadvantage of this method is its high energy consumption and low productivity.

There is a method of two-tier loosening of slope fields [2], which consists in the fact that the formation is first horizontally cut to a depth of 16 cm, and then it is deepened to 30 cm, loosening and cutting weeds in one pass of the aggregate with tiered flat-cutting legs.

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that the implementation of this method does not exclude the flow of meltwater, both surface and subsoil along the flat bottom of the furrow formed by the lower second tier of the paws.

There is a method of anti-erosion loosening of slopes, including soilless tillage and the creation of a cascade profile at the bottom of the arable layer [3], carried out by continuous loosening of the upper layer with simultaneous loosening of the lower layer at different depths, performed by cultivators with a shifted arrangement of racks.

The disadvantages of the known method of loosening the slope should be attributed to the fact that the water resistance of the upper layer of the slope is not adequately formed, and streaming water erosion occurs when rainwater falls out.

The prototype of the invention is a method of smooth plowing of the soil and a plow for its implementation [4].

The disadvantage of this method is the large runoff of rain and melt water.

The objective of the proposed method is to increase the efficiency of detention of meltwater on sloping lands at optimal costs.

The problem is solved by the following set of features of the method.

The proposed method, like the prototype, includes cutting the soil horizontally on the slope, its rotation and laying in the furrows. Unlike the prototype in the proposed method, the formation is cut in cross section in the form of rectangles of different widths, and the two extreme layers are cut to a depth of (0.7 ... 0.8) h, and they are laid in furrows formed during plowing of middle layers, without rotation where h is the processing depth of the double hulls (middle layers). A mole drainage is laid along an open furrow before laying the layers, between the middle layers to a depth of (1.5 ... 1.8) h.

Between adjacent passages of the tillage aggregate, an untreated strip is left with a width equal to (1.2 ... 1.3) c, where c is the width of the housing.

Figure 1-4 shows in cross section a diagram of the formation of a water-absorbing surface of the slope at adjacent passages of the unit and the successive positions of the layers during soil cultivation.

The method is as follows.

In the autumn period, soil is cultivated across the slope with the proposed tillage unit with combined working bodies. In this case, the seams are cut in cross section in the form of rectangles of different widths (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4 of figure 1). Moreover, the two extreme layers No. 1 and No. 4 are cut to a depth of (0.7 ... 0.8) h (Fig. 3), where h is the processing depth of the double hulls (thickness of the layers No. 2 and No. 3). They are laid in furrows formed during plowing of middle strata, without rotation, the stratum crumbles, and the vegetation remains on the field surface, protecting the soil from wind erosion. All this ensures the creation of a cascade profile of the day surface of the slope and the bottom of the arable layer, contributing to the retention of melt and rainwater.

In the proposed method, on the open furrow, before laying the strata, between the middle strata at a depth of (1.5 ... 1.8) h lay a mole drainage, which increases the water absorption capacity of the soil.

In addition, between adjacent passages of the tillage implement leave an untreated strip with stubble residues with a width of (1.2 ... 1.3) in, where in is the width of the housing (figure 1, 4).

This increases the wind resistance of the slope surface and prevents soil erosion. As can be seen from figure 4, after processing the proposed method, rain and melt water are retained in the trenches formed on the soil surface, and the cascading bottom of the arable layer and molehills contribute to better absorption of moisture by the root layer of the soil.

For smooth plowing of the soil, including on slopes, a plow is known [4], which contains a disk knife frame, catchers, right- and left-turning plow bodies, which is the closest in technical essence to the proposed device.

A disadvantage of the known device is its inability to perform all actions to implement the proposed method, namely the formation of a cascade profile of the day surface of the slope and the bottom of the arable layer with mole drainage.

The objective of the invention of the device is the ability to carry out the last of all the actions of the proposed method.

In the proposed device comprising a frame, a circular knife, catchers, right- and left-turning plow bodies, right-and left-turning bodies are made with a cylindrical working surface, and they are mounted on the frame vertically higher than the double bodies, by the value Δh = (0, 2 ... 0.3) h, where Δh is the vertical distance between the shares of the plowshares (Fig. 5). In addition, the device is equipped with a trainer 8 (Fig.6) mounted on the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the tillage unit between the twin body and the right and left-handed bodies at a distance (0.5 ... 0.55) L of the nose of the blade of the double body, where L is the distance between the toes of the shares of the named bodies in the longitudinal direction.

5 is a proposed device, side view;

6 is the same, top view.

The device consists of a frame 1, a disk knife 2, a double casing 3, the first and second row colliders 4 and 5, mirror-mounted right- and left-hull housings 6 and 7, the drainer 8, the adjustment wheels 9, which serve to change the processing depth.

The device operates as follows. In the process, the device processes four layers. With the movement of the unit, the twin casing 3 (Fig. 5) cuts the seams No. 2 and No. 3 (Fig. 1) of thickness h, raises them and wraps them on the extreme untreated seams (Fig. 2). The pushers 4 move them without turning to the sides to the width of the enclosure ″ in ″ (figure 2). The trainer 8 (FIG. 6), due to the aforementioned placement between the bodies, makes a drain along an open furrow to a depth of a ₁ (FIG. 2). This provides a reduction in traction resistance. Then, the hulls 6 and 7 (Fig. 6) are cut to a depth a ₂ = (0.7 ... 0.8) h of the extreme seams No. 1 and No. 4 (Fig. 3) and shift them without a turn into the furrows of the middle layers. Strata No. 2 and No. 3 (Fig. 3) located on the surface of the field are pushed by the pushers 5 (Fig. 6) into the grooves formed after the passage of the right- and left-turning bodies 6 and 7 (Fig.6).

Thus, during the operation of the proposed device, a cascade surface of the field and the bottom of the furrow is formed and mole drainage is laid with minimal energy consumption, which is fully consistent with the tasks of anti-erosion tillage on the slopes. The application of the invention will improve the efficiency of the retention of melt water on sloping lands.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2197797 C2, A01B 13/16, 2003.

2. Runchev M.S. Dry tillage is a scientifically based technique (southern steppe zone of Russia). Rostov-on-Don: Terra, 2001, p. 43.

3. Gasparyan A.A. et al. Justification of anti-erosion loosening of slopes // Izvestia s. Sciences - NTE Journal of the State Agro-Industrial Complex of the Armenian SSR, 2 (334). Yerevan, 1987, p. 51-55.

4. RF patent No. 2222130 C2, A01B 79/00; A01B 3/30, 2004 (prototype device).

Claims (5)

1. A method of anti-erosion tillage on slopes, including cutting the soil horizontally on the slope, its rotation and laying not in its furrows, characterized in that the layer is cut in cross section in the form of rectangles of different widths, and the two extreme layers are cut to a depth (0, 7 ... 0.8) h and lay them in the furrows formed during plowing of middle layers, without a turn, where h is the depth of processing by double hulls (middle layers). 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the open furrow before laying the layers between the middle layers at a depth of (1.5 ... 1.8) h, worm drainage is laid. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that between the adjacent passages of the tillage aggregate an untreated strip is left with a width equal to (1.2 ... 1.3) in, where c is the width of the housing. 4. A device for anti-erosion treatment of slopes, containing a frame, circular knife, pushers, a double body, right- and left-turning plow bodies, characterized in that the right and left-turning bodies are made with a cylindrical working surface, and they are mounted on the frame vertically above, than a double body, by the value Δh = (0.2 ... 0.3) h, where Δh is the vertical distance between the plowshares blades. 5. The device for anti-erosion treatment of slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that the device is equipped with a drainer mounted on the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the tillage aggregate between the twin body and the right- and left-handed bodies at a distance (0.5 ... 0.55) L from the toe blades of a double body, where L is the distance between the toes of the shares of the said bodies in the longitudinal direction.

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