RU2550905C1 - Suit of turnout gear of rescuers acting under conditions of burning objects in presence of flying and falling items of collapsing object - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal use articles.SUBSTANCE: in a suit of turnout gear of rescuers acting under conditions of burning objects in the presence of flying and falling items of the collapsing object, containing turnout gear of rescuers, having flame-retardant properties and consisting of a jacket with sleeves and a hood with a protective transparent element located in working state on the face part of the head, and also rousers with suspenders and rigid belt, and high boots from flame-retardant material resistant to mechanical stress of the seismic nature. The fabric for the upper part of the turnout gear is used as heat-resistant fabric from yarn of polyphenyleneoxadiazol fibre and filament yarn "Rusar", as well as a protective helmet of the company "Cromwell F600", with a high level of comfort, and a protective vest, the protective vest consists of a fabric lining connected to the protective sheath, and in the fabric lining the elastic frame racks are secured by retainers to the waist belt of the trousers, and the protective sheath is secured on the elastic frame racks and comprises the inner and outer protective bags, between which the gasket is placed, made in the form of a tape with the fixed folds arranged at a constant pitch from the side of the object to be protected, and is sequentially placed in two outer sheaths, and the outer bag facing the surrounding environment of the operator is made multilayered. Each layer is made in the form of interconnected rings, which material is used as stainless steel. The layers are arranged to overlap the lumen of the rings by their articulation, and the inner protective bag is made of three layers. The layer in contact with the outer sheath, and the layer facing the operator's body, are made of perforated polymeric material such as aramid fibre, and the intermediate layer located between them is made resilient of elastic mesh elements. The density of the mesh structure of elastic resilient mesh elements is in the optimal range of values of 1.2 g/cm- 2.0 g/cm. The material of the wire of elastic mesh element is the grade steel EI-708, and its diameter is in the optimal range of values of 0.09-0.15 mm.EFFECT: increased efficiency and reliability of the design of clothing of rescuers acting under conditions of burning objects in the presence of flying and falling items of the collapsing object.6 cl, 13 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the equipment of rescuers in the field of emergency.

Known suit combat clothing fire rescuers described in a review article by the authors: Rusetskiy Yu.G., Ivanov A.V. Suit of combat clothing of fire-rescuers of the first level of protection. Firm "Volbrok" [1], site http://volbrok.ru/article01.shtml, [prototype], and consisting of a jacket with a detachable hood and trousers, while the fabric developed as part of the assignment was used as a fabric for the top of combat clothing SSTP “Emergencies” heat-resistant fabric made of polyphenylene oxadiazole fiber yarn and Rusar multifilament yarn (TU RB 300620644.008-2003 “Fabrics fire-resistant severe for clothing of fire-rescue workers of the first level of protection”). Comparative characteristics of the most important technical and economic indicators of heat-resistant fabric at the top of a firefighter-rescue combat clothing suit are presented in Table 1. The technical specifications of TU RB 300620644.007-2003 “Suit of combat clothing of fire-rescuers of the first level of protection” have been developed and approved. The article describes the progress of the research work carried out by the Research Center (SIC) of the Vitebsk Regional Department of the Ministry of Emergencies (Belarus).

Tests of a package of materials, the material of the top of the obtained sample were carried out for compliance with thermal and physical and mechanical parameters of the requirements of fire safety [1]. The tests showed that the manufactured experimental model fully complies with the fire safety standards NPB 29-2000 for combat clothing of fire-rescuers of the 1st level of protection, provides convenience in dynamics when performing fire-rescue work. The designed suit protects the human body not only from high temperature, heat fluxes of high intensity, but also from possible flames. Calculation of technical and economic indicators allows us to conclude the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of manufacturing firefighter-rescue clothing from domestic materials.

Comparative characteristics of the most important technical and economic indicators of the combat clothing of a firefighter-rescuer are shown in Table. one.

A disadvantage of the well-known suit of combat clothing of rescuers operating in conditions of burning objects in the presence of flying and falling objects of a collapsing object is its weak degree of protection against the mechanical effects of piercing and cutting objects of a collapsing object.

To protect against mechanical impact of piercing and cutting objects flying and falling from a collapsing object, a protective vest is known according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2426059 (an analogue of the claimed object), which consists of a fabric lining in which elastic frame racks are fixed by means of latches on the waist belt, where fixed protective shell from mechanical stress.

The closest technical solution to the claimed facility is a suit of combat clothing of rescuers according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2516842 dated 05/20/2014 (application No. 2012135787, published 02/27/2014), containing combat clothing of rescuers, which has fire retardant properties and consists of a jacket with sleeves and a hood with a protective a transparent element located in working condition on the front of the head, as well as trousers with suspenders and a hard belt and boots made of fire-retardant and resistant to mechanical influences seismic nature of the material, and as fabrics for the top of combat clothing a heat-resistant fabric is used from polyphenylene oxadiazole fiber yarn and Rusar multifilament yarn, as well as a Cromwell F600 safety helmet, with a high level of comfort and a protective vest, a protective vest consists of a fabric lining connected to a protective shell, and in the fabric lining, elastic frame racks are fixed by means of clamps on the waist belt of the trousers, and the protective shell is attached to the elastic frame racks and contains external and internal protective packages, between which there is on a gasket made in the form of a tape with fixed folds placed with a constant step from the side of the protected object, and placed sequentially in two outer shells, and the outer package facing the operator’s environment is multilayer, each layer made in the form of interconnected rings, the material of which is stainless steel, the layers are arranged with the lumen of the rings overlapping by their articulation, and the inner protective bag is made of three layers, the layer being in contact th with the outer shell, and the layer facing the operator’s body is made of perforated polymeric material, for example, aramid fiber, and the intermediate layer located between them is made of elastic mesh elements, while the density of the mesh structure of elastic-elastic mesh elements is the optimal range of values is 1.2 g / cm ³ ... 2.0 g / cm ³ , and the wire material of the elastic mesh elements is EI-708 steel, and its diameter is in the optimal range of 0.09 mm ... 0.15 mm.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively low protection of the legs and feet of the rescuer from vibration during the analysis of blockages, as well as from mechanical damage to flying and falling objects of a collapsing object.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the efficiency and reliability of the design of clothing of rescuers operating in conditions of burning objects in the presence of flying and falling objects of a collapsing object.

This is achieved by the fact that in a suit of combat clothing of rescuers operating in conditions of burning objects in the presence of flying and falling objects of a collapsing object containing combat clothing of rescuers having fire retardant properties and consisting of a jacket with sleeves and a hood with a protective transparent element located in working condition on the front of the head, as well as trousers with suspenders and a hard belt and boots made of fireproof and resistant to mechanical influences seismic nature of the material, and as Kani for the top of combat clothing uses a heat-resistant fabric made of polyphenylene oxadiazole fiber yarn and Rusar multifilament yarn, as well as a Cromwell F600 safety helmet, with a high level of comfort and a protective vest, the protective vest consists of a fabric lining connected to the protective sheath, and in the fabric lining, elastic frame racks are fixed by means of clamps on the waist belt of the trousers, and the protective shell is attached to the elastic frame racks and contains external and internal protective bags, between which is placed and the gasket, made in the form of a tape with fixed folds placed at a constant step from the side of the protected object, is placed sequentially in two outer shells, and the outer package facing the operator’s environment is multilayer, each layer being made in the form of interconnected rings, the material of which is stainless steel, the layers are located with overlapping lumen of the rings by their articulation, and the inner protective package is made of three layers, while the layer in contact with the outer shell and the layer facing the operator’s body are made of perforated polymeric material, for example, aramid fiber, and the intermediate layer located between them is made of elastic mesh elements, while the density of the mesh structure of elastic-elastic mesh elements is in optimal the range of 1.2 g / cm ³ ... 2.0 g / cm ³ , and the wire material of the elastic mesh elements is steel grade EI-708, and its diameter is in the optimal range of 0.09 mm ... 0.15 mm.

In FIG. 1 and 2 show a sketch of a model of a suit for combat clothing of a lifeguard (front and rear views, respectively), FIG. 3 is a general view of the safety helmet of the lifeguard combat clothing; FIG. 4, 5, 6 - technical sketch of a jacket, hood and trousers, respectively, in FIG. 7 shows a profile projection of a protective vest; FIG. 8 is a front view of a safety vest; FIG. 9 is a diagram of a protective jacket of a protective vest; FIG. 10 is an embodiment of a protective jacket of a protective vest; FIG. 11 is a perspective view of safety shoes; FIG. 12 - elastic damping elements in the heel of the shoe, in FIG. 13 - elastic damping elements in the sole.

The combat clothing suit of rescuers operating in conditions of burning objects in the presence of flying and falling objects of a collapsing object is a set of the following objects. Rescue combat clothing (Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6), which has fire retardant properties and consists of a jacket 1 with sleeves 2 and a hood 6 with a protective transparent element 3 located in working condition on the front of the head, as well as trousers 4 with suspenders and a hard belt and boots 5 made of fireproof and resistant to mechanical stresses (including seismic nature) material (not shown in the drawing). The fabric for the top of combat clothing is a heat-resistant fabric made of polyphenylene-oxadiazole fiber yarn and Rusar multifilament yarn (TU RB 300620644.008-2003 “Hardened fire-resistant fabrics for clothing of fire-rescue workers of the first level of protection”).

The next protection element used in burning facilities with flying and falling objects of a collapsing object is the helmet (Fig. 3) by Cromwell F600, used by most firefighters in the UK and having a reputation for a helmet with a high level of comfort (CE double certification as helmet and visor, providing maximum protection for the head and face). The material of the outer shell 7 of the helmet is fiberglass coated with fire-retardant paint, which is resistant to the open flame of the helmet body 7 with the upper forehead protective part 8, at least 15 seconds, and the face shield 9-10 seconds. An easily replaceable upper forehead protector 8 protects the visor 9 and the front of the helmet where the most damage occurs. The visor is made of polycarbonate and protects the most important part of the helmet and is easily replaced if damaged; provides a wide view, optically correct for anti-distortion. Comfortable temperature is maintained by the inner insulating layer. The helmet is compatible with all types of breathing apparatus. There is a simple four-position adjustment for all head sizes (52 ÷ 63 cm) using a special mechanism. The helmet can be moved forward or backward on the head with a bezel over the eyebrows. The bezel around the eyebrows is very soft - for optimal comfort. The height of the seat is adjusted by pulling or loosening the chin strap 10. The fire-resistant, quickly detachable chin strap can withstand a static load of 500 H. The angle of the helmet is adjusted by turning the rim above the eyebrows (compatibility with the breathing apparatus is also provided).

Specifications: weight - 1320 g, the helmet can withstand vertical impact of a blunt object with an energy of 80 J; in a vertical impact with a sharp object with an energy of 30 J, it is impossible to touch the surface of the head; the visor withstands single strokes of a load with an energy of 1.2 J while maintaining the operability of the rotary locking device; the connection of the parts of the internal equipment with the helmet body at each attachment point can withstand a load of 80 H. The helmet body protects against electric shock with a voltage of 400 V.

The helmet can be made with a protective shell, which contains layers of the outer shell of, for example, aramid fabric impregnated with a polymeric binder, hard-alloy curved or flat alternating inserts and similar outer layers of the inner shell, and the inserts are made of unit cells bonded to each other and to the shells by glue chemically compatible with the binder of the shells, while the inserts are made of an isotropic material, such as ceramic, with a minimum linear cell size in excess of their double thickness, and for I attached them using elastic glue based on synthetic elastomer, for example injection molded polyurethane, while the cells can be made square and staggered or in the shape of a regular hexagon (see Fig. 10).

The next protection element used in conditions of burning objects in the presence of flying and falling objects of a collapsing object is a protective vest (Fig. 7, 8, 9), which protects the human operator from sudden impacts of mechanical impact from the surrounding burning environment and which wears under the jacket 1. The implementation of the elastic material of the frame racks 12 connected to the belt of the trousers 4 allows you to dampen the impact (make it elastic), and the protective shell 13 prevents injury to the skin of the lifeguard.

The protective vest consists of a fabric lining 11 in which the elastic frame racks 12 are fixed by means of the clips 14 on the hard waist belt of the trousers 4. The protective shell 13 is mounted on the elastic frame racks 12. The protective shell 13 can be fixed on the frame racks 12 over the entire area of the lifeguard torso , including the shoulder joints and hands (not shown in the drawing).

The protective shell 13 (Fig. 9) contains the outer 15 and the inner protective bags, between which there is a gasket 17 with folds 18 placed in the shell 19. The gasket 17 is made in the form of a tape with fixed folds 18 placed at a constant step from the side of the protected object, and placed sequentially in two outer shells 19. The outer package 15, facing the environment, is multilayer, and each layer is made in the form of interconnected rings, the material of which used stainless steel. In this case, the layers are arranged with overlapping lumen of the rings by their articulation. The inner protective bag is made of three layers, with the layer 16 in contact with the outer shell 19 and the layer 21 facing the operator’s body made of perforated polymeric material, for example, aramid fiber, and the intermediate layer 20 located between them is made of elastic elastic net elements, wherein the crosslinking density of the elastic net members is in the optimal range of values of 1.2 g / cm ³ ... 2.0 g / cm ^3, wherein the elastic material of the wire mesh element - steel grade EI-708, and the diameter e It is in the optimal range of values of 0.09 mm ... 0.15 mm.

A variant of the protective jacket of the protective vest (Fig. 10) contains layers of the outer shell 22 of, for example, aramid fabric impregnated with a polymeric binder, hard-alloy curved or flat alternating inserts 23 and similar outer layers of the inner shell 24. The inserts 23 are made of unit cells bonded to each other and with the shells 22 and 24 with glue 25, chemically compatible with the binder of the shells 22 and 24, and each cell is made with a minimum linear size of 26, exceeding its double thickness 27. For shells 22 and 24 used epoxy holding a binder, and for fixing the cells, elastic glue 25 based on a synthetic elastomer, for example, polyurethane SKU PFL, was used. The cells can be made square and staggered or in the shape of a regular hexagon (not shown in the drawing).

A possible embodiment, which consists in the fact that the outer shell 22 is a carrier on which all the inserts 23 are mounted, and the inner shell 24 is a support for the inserts 23 made of isotropic material, for example ceramic, constant curvature and square configuration of the cells, and also performs supporting functions (not shown in the drawing). The thickness of 27 cells corresponds to the size of the main damaging factor, and the linear size of 26 exceeds the double thickness of 27 by 1.5 ÷ 1.7 times. To facilitate a protective vest, cells can be located in areas of its most likely damage.

The combat clothing suit of rescuers operating in conditions of burning objects in the presence of flying and falling objects of a collapsing object works as follows.

With a large kinetic energy of a mechanical action or an attacking element, an external protective package 15 can be pierced with a loss of this energy to a certain extent. But the damaging fragment approaches the inner protective package with less speed and, as a result, with less energy, which ensures the penetration of the hard layers 16 and 21 of the material of this layer. In this case, the elastic material 20 acts as a shock absorber, reducing the shock pulse to a safe level.

If the outer layer 15 is not broken, the gasket 17 begins to work as a means of reducing the shock pulse. In this case, partial absorption of energy occurs due to the closing of the folds and the simultaneous dispersion of the shock pulse over a larger area due to the air present between the folds. In this case, the air gradually leaves due to the load from the shells, which allows you to stretch the shock pulse in time. Further removal of the shock pulse occurs due to the internal protective package.

The protective shell of the protective vest (Fig. 10) works as follows. When the damaging factor interacts with the protection elements, the outer shell 22 is overcome, the protective insert 23 receives damage in the area of the direct wave of critical deformations. In this case, the effect of the reflected wave is significantly attenuated due to the optimization of the backwater material (inner shell 24) and the adhesive joint 25. The damaging factor when passing through the cell array of the protective insert 23 is broken into fragments, loses a significant part of its energy and stops in the backwater layers 24. However , due to the damping of the waves by the material of the adhesive joints 25, only one cell and possibly several neighboring ones are damaged, and the main array of the insert remains without damage, which confirms the high the volatility of the safety vest.

Safety shoes consist of an internal safety toe 28 (Fig. 11) made of a composite material that protects against shock. Gasket 29 eliminates possible pressure on the foot. Polyurethane overlay 30 (fill) of the toe of the shoe protects the foot from mechanical damage. The insert insole 31 of an anatomical shape together with the set-in (strobelny) insole 32 optimizes the dynamics of the foot during operation.

A two-layer sole 33 with an intermediate layer of polyurethane and a layer 44 (Fig. 13) of elastic-elastic mesh elements with shock-absorbing properties and a running layer of thermoplastic polyurethane with wear-resistant properties creates comfortable conditions for the operator when working with vibroactive equipment. The density of the mesh structure of the elastic mesh elements is in the optimal range of 1.2 g / cm ³ ... 2.0 g / cm ³ and the material of the wire of the elastic mesh elements is steel grade EI-708, and its diameter is in the optimal range of values 0.09 mm ... 0.15 mm.

The details of the upper 34 shoes are made of heat-resistant waterproof leather, and the lining 35 of the shoes is made of leather split. The protector of the sole 36 is made with increased adhesion to the surfaces of the working area of the operator, and a rigid back 37 of thermoplastic material protects the heel of the operator from mechanical and thermal effects.

In the heel of the shoe (Fig. 12), under the insert insole 31 of an anatomical shape, there is a tab 39 of elastic-damping elements containing a support plane with bushings 40 fixed on it, in which elastic elements are located, for example, springs 38 in contact with the damping block made three-layer and containing plates 41 and 43 of hard vibration-damping material, for example, type "Agate", between which is a layer of polyurethane 42, damping vibration at medium frequencies.

The elastic elements in contact with the damping block are made in the form of conical springs 38 having equal-frequency properties, while the coils of the springs 38 are covered with a layer of vibration-damping mastic (not shown in the drawing).

The inner protective toe cap 28, made of composite material, is made in the form (in cross section of the upper part) of the arched type (not shown in the drawing), and on top of it is a polyurethane patch 30 (filling) of the toe of the shoe, which is also made in this part of the arch type.

When performing work belonging to the category of "heavy", the internal protective toe cap 1 can be made of perforated metal of increased strength (not shown in the drawing).

Safety shoes work as follows.

The inner protective toe cap 28, made of composite material, protects against shock, and the gasket 29 eliminates possible pressure on the foot. A polyurethane overlay 30 (filling) of the toe of the shoe protects the foot from mechanical damage, and an insert insole 31 of an anatomical shape optimizes the dynamics of the foot during operation.

A two-layer sole 33 with an intermediate layer of polyurethane and a layer 44 (Fig. 13) of elastic-elastic mesh elements with shock-absorbing properties creates comfortable conditions for the operator when working with vibroactive equipment. The sole protector 36 is made with increased adhesion to the surfaces of the operator’s working area, and in the heel of the shoe, under the insert insole 31 of an anatomical shape, there is a tab 39 made of elastic damping elements that provide vibration protection and damping at medium frequencies.

Elastic elements in the form of conical springs 38 have equal frequency properties, therefore, they will compensate for the change in operator weight in connection with the performance of heavy work with weight transfer.

Using the proposed device will significantly increase the safety of rescuers in the liquidation of emergency situations and their consequences.

Claims (6)

1. Suit of combat clothing of rescuers operating in the presence of burning objects in the presence of flying and falling objects of a collapsing object, containing combat clothing of rescuers having fire-retardant properties and consisting of a jacket with sleeves and a hood with a protective transparent element located in working condition on the front of the head as well as trousers with suspenders and a hard belt and boots made of fireproof and resistant to mechanical influences seismic nature of the material, moreover, as a fabric for the top of a combat ode each one uses a heat-resistant fabric made of polyphenylene oxadiazole fiber yarn and Rusar multifilament yarn, as well as a Cromwell F600 safety helmet, with a high level of comfort and a protective vest, a protective vest consists of a fabric lining connected to the protective shell and a fabric lining elastic frame racks are fixed by means of clamps on the waist belt of the trousers, and the protective shell is mounted on elastic frame racks and contains external and internal protective bags, between which a gasket made in the form of a tape with fixed folds placed at a constant step from the side of the protected object, and placed sequentially in two outer shells, and the outer bag facing the operator’s environment is multilayer, and each layer is made in the form of rings interconnected which used stainless steel, the layers are arranged with overlapping lumen of the rings by their articulation, and the inner protective package is made of three layers, while the layer in contact with the outer shell and The th facing the operator’s body is made of perforated polymeric material, for example, aramid fiber, and the intermediate layer located between them is made elastic of elastic mesh elements, while the density of the mesh structure of elastic-elastic mesh elements is in the optimal range of 1.2 g / cm ³ ... 2.0 g / cm ³ , moreover, the material of the wire of the elastic mesh elements is EI-708 steel, and its diameter is in the optimal range of 0.09 mm ... 0.15 mm, and the protective shell of the protective vest contains layers on the outer shell of, for example, aramid fabric impregnated with a polymeric binder, hard-alloy curvilinear or flat alternating inserts and similar outer layers of the inner shell, and the inserts are made of unit cells bonded to each other and to the shells with glue chemically compatible with the binder of the shells, while the inserts are made made of isotropic material, such as ceramics, with a minimum linear cell size exceeding their double thickness, and elastic adhesive based on synthetic astomer, for example injection molded polyurethane, wherein the cells can be made square and staggered or in the shape of a regular hexagon, characterized in that it further comprises vibration-proof shoes containing a sole and a heel connected to the upper parts of the shoe, which additionally contains an internal protective a toe cap made of a composite material that protects against shock, an anatomically shaped insert insole, a two-layer sole with an intermediate layer of polyurethane and it from elastically-resilient mesh elements having damping properties, wherein the crosslinking density of the elastic net members is in the optimal range of values of 1.2 g / cm ³ ... 2.0 g / cm ³ and the elastic material of the wire mesh element - Steel grade EI-708, and its diameter is in the optimal range of 0.09 mm ... 0.15 mm. 2. The lifeguard combat clothing suit according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper parts of the shoes are made of heat-resistant waterproof leather and the shoe lining is made of leather split, the sole protector is made with increased adhesion to the surfaces of the operator’s working area, and the hard back is made of thermoplastic material. 3. Suit of combat clothing of rescuers according to claim 1, characterized in that in the heel of the shoe under the insert insole of anatomical shape there is a tab of elastic-damping elements containing a support plane with bushings fixed to it, in which there are elastic elements, for example, springs in contact with a damping block made in three layers and containing plates of hard vibration-damping material, for example, of the “Agate” type, between which a layer of polyurethane damping vibration at medium frequencies is located. 4. Rescue service clothing suit according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic elements in contact with the damping unit are made in the form of conical springs having equal frequency properties, while the spring coils are coated with a layer of vibration damping mastic. 5. Rescue combat clothing suit according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner protective toe cap made of composite material is made in the section of the upper part of the arch type, and the polyurethane overlay of the toe of the shoe adjacent to it is also made in this part of the arch type. 6. Rescue combat clothing suit according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner protective toe cap is made of perforated metal of increased strength.

Images