RU2549399C1 - Direct heating reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: reactor comprises a loading device (1), a thermal decomposition chamber (2), a housing (3), tuyeres (4), a blow fan (5), a gasification chamber (6), a grate (7), an ash bin (8), outlet pipes for generator gas (9) and pyrolysis gas (10). The upper part A of the thermal decomposition chamber B protrudes over the heated part C of the thermal decomposition chamber by a value H, which is in the range 0.05D≤H≤5D, where D is the diameter of the thermal decomposition chamber, and is fitted with a pyrolysis gas (10) outlet pipe.

EFFECT: invention improves the quality of the pyrolysis process, improves efficiency of the reactor and enables to separately obtain pyrolysis and generator gas.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to chemical energy engineering, in particular to pyrolysis plants, and can be used in the construction of pyrolysis reactors for various purposes.

Known oven-retort type dryer [1], consisting of a decomposition chamber and an outer casing, the construction of which is based on the principle of pyrolysis.

The main disadvantage of such a drying oven is the low efficiency resulting from the design features, which does not allow direct heating, which leads to increased fuel costs.

A known design of the gas generator of the reversed process [2], consisting of a grate, ash pan, lance, hopper and combustion chamber.

The disadvantage of this design is the inability to obtain pyrolysis, due to the lack of a device for collecting pyrolysis, as well as contamination of the generator gas by pyrolysis products.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to develop a structural diagram of the reactor based on known design solutions that can improve the quality of the pyrolysis process, increase the efficiency of the reactor, as well as obtain separate products - pyrolysis and generator gases.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed reactor, containing a loading device, a thermal decomposition chamber, a casing, blasting tuyeres, a blower fan, a gasification chamber, a grate, an ash pan, a generator gas exhaust pipe, characterized in that the upper part A of the thermal decomposition chamber B, protruding above the heated part B of the thermal decomposition chamber by a value of H, which is in the range of 0.05D≤H≤5D, where D is the diameter of the decomposition chamber, equipped with a pyrolysis gas discharge pipe.

Thus, the claimed design of the reactor meets the criterion of "novelty."

Comparison of the claimed technical solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this technical field did not allow us to identify signs that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "significant differences".

The invention is illustrated by the drawing of Figure 1, which shows a structural diagram of the reactor.

The reactor contains a loading device 1, a thermal decomposition chamber 2, a housing 3, blowing tuyeres 4, a blowing fan 5, a gasification chamber 6, an grate 7, an ash pan 8, a generator gas exhaust pipe 9 and a pyrolysis gas exhaust pipe 10. A pyrolysis gas generating reactor 12, is heated by the heat generated in the gasification chamber 6 when generating the generator gas 11.

The reactor operates as follows.

The feedstock through the loading device 1 is loaded into the decomposition chamber 2, where it is heated to the temperature of thermal decomposition. The resulting pyrolysis gas 12 is collected in the upper part of the decomposition chamber and discharged through a pipe 10 for further use. The feedstock is heated in the thermal decomposition chamber 2 due to the heat generated in the gasification chamber 6. The feedstock from the thermal decomposition chamber enters the gasification chamber 6, where air is supplied through the tuyeres 4 by the blower fan 5. As a result of the passage of air down through the layer gasified material, high temperature develops, heat is generated, which heats the feedstock located above. The resulting generator gas 11 having a high temperature enters the cavity formed by the gap between the thermal decomposition chamber 2 and the reactor casing 3, washes the thermal decomposition chamber and additionally heats the feedstock. Through the pipe 9, the generator gas 11 is removed for further use. The layer of gasified material is supported by the grate 7, through which the ash is sieved. Ash is going to ashpit 8.

The use and use of a reactor of this design will reduce the cost of the pyrolysis plant by simplifying the design, reduce the negative impact on the environment due to fuel economy achieved by direct heating of the feedstock in the reactor, as well as obtain separate products - pyrolysis and generator gases.

Information sources

1. Gerasimov N.V. and other Reference. Gas generating tractors and cars. Gas balloon cars. Lubricating oils and fuels made of wood. Selkhozgiz, Moscow-Leningrad, 1943, pp. 256-261, Fig. 15, Fig. 15a, Fig. 15b, Fig. 15c.

2. Graziansky N.V., Mikhailovsky Yu.V. Fundamentals of heat engineering and power plants. Goslesbumizdat. Moscow. 1962, pp. 375-376, fig. 168b.

Claims (1)

A direct heating reactor designed for gasification and pyrolysis, containing a loading device, a thermal decomposition chamber, a housing, blowing tuyeres, a blower fan, a gasification chamber, a grate, an ash pan, a generator gas exhaust pipe, characterized in that the upper part of the thermal decomposition chamber protruding above heated part of the thermal decomposition chamber by the value of H, which is in the range 0.05D <H <5D, where D is the diameter of the decomposition chamber, is equipped with a pyrolysis gas discharge pipe, directed guide gas for further use.