RU2548455C1 - Explosionproof panel for emergency protection of industrial buildings and structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: explosionproof panel for emergency protection of industrial buildings and structures contains explosion-proof elements which are designed as an explosion-proof plate containing a metal armor framework with a metal armor coating and a lead filler which has four fixed supporting branch pipes in end faces, and in the building coating four bearing rods are rigidly fixed which are telescopically inserted into fixed supporting branch pipes of the panel, and the filler is designed as the disperse system air-lead, and lead is designed as crumb, and the bearing rods are made elastic, and to the end faces of bearing rods, from the side facing to the metal framework, the additional elements damping the shock wave are fixed, which are made of elastomer, for example, polyurethane, the additional elements are made combined, for example elastic damping, designed as an elastic element, for example a spring, filled with polyurethane. The additional elements are designed as a package of dish-shaped elastic elements, each of which contains a round base which by means of at least two pins is freely placed on a stop. One end of the pin is rigidly fixed on the stop, and another one - fits with a gap the hole made in the base and fixes it by the nut, to the lower part of the base, rigidly and coaxially to it the cylindrical barrel with a cavity and a hole is fixed, through the hole of which with a gap a rod passes one end of which is rigidly fixed on a stop, and another one - in an object coating, the rod freely fits inside the bushing one end of which is rigidly fixed on the stop, and another one - is freely moves, with a gap in the cavity of the cylindrical barrel. The package of dish-shaped elastic elements is placed with small preload, between the stop and the round base.EFFECT: improvement of reliability of work of the personnel in explosion-hazardous rooms.3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to protective devices used in explosive and radioactive objects, such as easily erasable panels and roofs, explosion-proof fences and dampers, overpressure valves.

Known explosive valve [1] (Fig. 4 on page 45), consisting of a body, a lined cargo bolt, movably connected to the valve body via at least three flexible connections, in the form of chains, and blocking the hole in the body of the protected object. In the upper part of the valve body there is a heat-insulating element and a sealing membrane made of aluminum foil or made of polymer material, which is pressed to the valve body by means of a cover pivotally connected to the lever of the discontinuous element (wire), which is fastened with its upper part to the lever and the lower one to the upper parts of the valve body.

A disadvantage of the known device is that the membrane is used to seal the valve, i.e. it is almost completely unloaded, and does not significantly affect the valve operating pressure.

A known safety valve [2] (Fig. 2, p. 44), consisting of a housing on which a cargo lock lined with refractory material is located, in the form of a bulk layer of crushed stone, gravel or sand, and blocking the hole in the body of the protected object.

A disadvantage of the known device is that the membrane is almost completely unloaded, and does not affect the valve operating pressure.

Known anti-explosion panel [3], which consists of an armored metal frame with armored metal casing and a filler - lead. In the coating of the object near the opening, four support rods are mounted symmetrically with respect to the axis, telescopically inserted into the fixed support pipes embedded in the panel. To fix the limit position of the panel, stop plates are welded to the ends of the support rods, and the support rods are made elastic.

A disadvantage of the known device is that the supporting elastic rods are not reliable enough due to the lack of damping devices.

Known safety collapsing fencing structures [4, 5] of phononless buildings (organized collapsing structure - ORK), in which there are no window openings, and they consist of reinforced concrete panels measuring 6000 × 1800 mm. The panel consists of collapsing and non-collapsing parts. The nondestructive part is made in the form of bearing ribs (200 × 150 mm), placed along the contour of the ORC. The collapsing part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located niches (recesses in the wall of the building), one of which, the outer, is formed by planes of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other, the inner one, is two inclined surfaces connected by an edge, with the formation groove, while the wall thickness from the rib to the outer surface of the building fencing should be at least δ = 20 mm. Due to these grooves in the wall of the building, under the influence of shock, explosive load, this section of the wall can be divided into separate parts. The collapsing parts of the panel in the grooves are joined by fittings so that the plates do not deform during transportation, installation and wind load.

A disadvantage of the known devices - supporting elastic rods are not reliable enough due to the lack of damping devices.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is an explosion-proof panel according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 131757, Cl. Е04В 1/92, [6] (prototype), consisting of an armored metal frame with armored metal casing and a filler - lead. In the coating of the object near the opening, four support rods are embedded that are telescopically inserted into fixed support pipes embedded in the panel. To fix the limit position of the panel, stop plates are welded to the ends of the support rods.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the reliability and efficiency of the operation of collapsing explosion-proof devices in an emergency explosion at the facility.

This is achieved by the fact that in the explosion-proof panel to protect industrial buildings and structures from an emergency, containing explosion-proof elements, which are performed in the form of an explosion-proof plate containing a metal armored frame with metal armored skin and a filler - lead, which has four fixed nozzles at the ends supports, and in the building’s cover four support rods are rigidly fixed, which are telescopically inserted into the fixed nozzles-supports of the panel, while the filler is made in in the form of an air-lead dispersed system, the lead being made in the shape of a crumb, and the supporting rods made of elastic, and to the ends of the supporting rods, from the side facing the metal frame, additional elements damping the effects of the shock wave, which are made of elastomer, are attached, for example polyurethane.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of an industrial building with explosion protection elements,

figure 2 - diagram of the explosion-proof plate of the coating (or roof) of an explosive object,

figure 3 is a diagram of additional elements damping the impact of a shock wave.

An industrial building with explosion protection elements (Fig. 1) consists of a foundation located on a soil layer on which explosive and fire hazardous equipment are installed. Explosion-proof elements are made in the fences (side and upper) of the industrial building in the form of: for side fences - in the form of safety collapsing structures for building fencing, and for upper fences - in the form of an explosion-proof plate on the roof or attic of the building with explosive objects.

The explosion-proof panel for protecting industrial buildings and structures from an emergency (Fig. 2) consists of an armored metal frame 1 with armored metal sheathing 2 and a filler - lead 3. In the coating of the object 7 at the opening 8, four support rods 4 are symmetrically fixed relative to axis 9, telescopically inserted into fixed nozzles-supports 6, embedded in the panel. To fix the limit position of the panel, stop plates 5 are welded to the ends of the support rods 4. In order to damp (soften) shock loads when the panel is returned, the filler is made in the form of a dispersed air-lead system, moreover, the lead is made in the form of crumbs, and the support rods 4 are resilient. The filler may be made in the form of spherical chips of one diameter; or in the form of spherical crumbs of different diameters. The filler can be made in the form of crumbs of arbitrary shape of different diametric (maximum external, arbitrary shape, contour of the crumb) size.

To the ends of the support rods 4, to which the abutment sheets 5 are welded, from the side facing the metal frame 1 with the armored metal sheathing 2, additional elements 10 are attached that dampen the impact of the shock wave.

Additional elements 10 may be made of elastomer, for example polyurethane. Additional elements 10 can be made combined (not shown in the drawing), for example, elastic-damping in the form of an elastic element, for example, a spring filled with polyurethane.

Additional elements 10 can be made in the form of a protective package of plate-shaped elastic elements (Fig. 3), each of which is movably based on rods 4 with stop sheets 5.

The plate-shaped elastic element package contains a circular base 11, which is at least two pins 13 movably located on the stop 5, while one end of the pin 13 is rigidly fixed to the stop 5, and the other enters with a gap in the hole 12 made in the base 11, and fixes it by means of a nut 17. A cylindrical glass 14 with a cavity 15 and a hole 16 is fixed to the lower part of the base 11 with a hole 16 through which the rod 4 passes with a gap, one end of which is rigidly fixed on the stop 5, and the other in the coating of the object 7. STE gins 4 movably enters into the sleeve 19, one end of which is rigidly fixed to the stop 5, and the other movably, with a gap enters the cavity 15 of the cylindrical glass 14. The packet of disk-shaped elastic elements 18 is located, with slight compression, between the emphasis 5 and the round base 11 .

The explosion-proof panel to protect industrial buildings and structures from an emergency is as follows.

Explosion protection plate works as follows.

In an explosion inside an industrial building (not shown), the panel rises from the action of the shock wave and overpressure is released through the open opening 8. After the explosion and the drop in excess pressure, dropping down, the panel closes the opening 8 and harmful substances do not enter the atmosphere. Stop plates 5 are used to fix the limit position of the panel. In order to damp (soften) shock loads when the panel is returned, the filler of the metal frame 1 is made in the form of a dispersed air-lead system, moreover, the lead is made in the form of a crumb, and the support rods 4 are made resilient. In addition, the additional elements 10 have a damping effect of the shock wave.

The package of plate-shaped elastic elements works as follows.

In the explosion, the metal frame 1 with the armored metal casing 2 goes upwards along the rods 4 and meets a circular base 11 on its way, which compresses the packet of disk-shaped elastic elements 18, damping the shock load of the blast wave.

Using the proposed technical solution allows the prevention of explosive objects from destruction and the reduction of harmful substances into the atmosphere during an accidental explosion.

Sources of Bibliography

1. Kochetov OS Method for calculating the required area of the discharge opening of an explosion-proof device. The journal "Fire and explosion safety", No. 6, 2009, p.41-47.

2. Kochetov O.S. Calculation of explosion-proof devices. The journal "Occupational Safety in Industry", No. 4, 2010, p. 43-49.

3. Kochetov OS, Stareeva M.O. Explosion-proof panel // RF patent for the invention No. 2458212. Publ. 08/10/2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 22.

4. Soshenko M.V., Shmyrev V.I., Stareeva M.O., Kochetov O.S. The method of explosion protection of industrial buildings // RF patent for the invention No. 2471936. Publ. 01/10/2013. Bulletin of inventions No. 1.

5. Kochetov O.S., Akatiev V.A., Shmyrev V.I., Tyurin M.P., Soshenko M.V., Stareeva M.O. The collapsing safety structure of the building enclosure // RF patent for the invention No. 2459912. Publ. 08/27/2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 24.

6. Durnev R.A., Ivanova O.Yu., Kochetov O.S. Explosion-proof collapsing construction of a building enclosure // RF Patent for Utility Model No. 131757. Publ. 08/27/2013. Bulletin of inventions No. 24.

Claims (1)

An explosion-proof panel for protecting industrial buildings and structures from an emergency, containing explosion-proof elements, which are made in the form of an explosion-proof plate containing a metal armored frame with metal armor plating and lead filler, which has four fixed support pipes at the ends and a building covering four support rods are rigidly fixed, which are telescopically inserted into the fixed nozzles-supports of the panel, while the filler is made in the form of a disperse system in lead air, the lead being made in the form of crumbs, and the supporting rods made of elastic, and to the ends of the supporting rods, from the side facing the metal frame, additional elements are attached that dampen the impact of the shock wave, which are made of an elastomer, such as polyurethane, additional elements are made combined, for example, elastically damping, in the form of an elastic element, for example, a spring filled with polyurethane, characterized in that the additional elements are made in the form of a plate elastic elements, each of which contains a round base, which by means of at least two pins is movably located on the stop, while one end of the pin is rigidly fixed on the stop, and the other enters into the hole made in the base with a gap and fixes it by nuts, a cylindrical cup with a cavity and a hole is rigidly and coaxially attached to the bottom of the base, through which a rod passes with a gap, one end of which is rigidly fixed to the stop, and the other in the coating of the object, the rod is movably inserted um into the sleeve, one end of which is rigidly fixed to the palm and the other - is movable with clearance in a cavity of a cylindrical cup, with the packet of Belleville elastic elements is located, with a small preload, between the stop and the circular base.

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