RU2546490C2 - Systems and process for application of heat-transferred labels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.SUBSTANCE: application of heat-transferred patterns from the substrate onto container. Heat-transferred pattern comprises ink area or that of the other pigmented compound located at the substrate. Note here that this process comprises the steps that follow. Making of the label processing device including (i) stiff frame to define the first and second opposite edge. Note here that said frame defines the opening between said first and second edges. Note that flexible element (ii) is arranged nearby one of the first and second edges to extend through the frame opening outward from the frame second edge. Flexible element defines the outer surface for contact with support elements. Flexible element defines the hollow area accessible from the frame first edge. Said flexible element can be deformed at application of force of contact with the label to element section extending outward from the second edge. Proposed process comprises heating of flexible element and arranging of the patter and substrate between flexible element outer surface and container.EFFECT: partial transfer of the patter on the container.16 cl, 49 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to equipment and methods for applying thermal transfer labels to a curved surface and, in particular, to a complex curved surface. The present invention also relates to labeling processes and, in particular, to applying thermal transfer labels to containers. The invention, in particular, is directed to applying labels to curved surfaces of the container and defect-free retention on them.

State of the art

It is known to label containers or bottles to provide information such as a supplier or contents of a container. Such containers or bottles are available in a wide variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate many different types of materials, such as detergents, chemicals, personal care products, motor oil, drinks, etc.

Polymeric film materials and face films are used as labels in various fields. Polymer labels are increasingly required for many applications, in particular transparent polymeric labels, as they provide transparent labeling for decorated glass and plastic containers. Paper labels block the visibility of the container and / or contents in the container. Transparent polymer labels enhance the visual aesthetics of the container and therefore the product. The popularity of polymer labels is growing much faster than the popularity of paper labels in the packaging decoration market, as consumer goods companies are constantly trying to improve the appearance of their products. Polymer film labels also have better mechanical properties than paper labels, such as greater tensile strength and wear resistance.

Conventional polymer pressure-sensitive labels (PSAs) often show the difficulty of smoothly adhering to containers having curved surfaces and / or complex shapes without wrinkling, seams or lifting on curved surfaces. As a result, heat-shrinkable sleeve labels are typically used on these types of containers having complex curved surfaces. Labeling operations for sleeve-type labels are carried out using processes and methods that form a tube or sleeve of a heat shrink film that is placed on the container and heated to shrink the film so as to adapt to the size and shape of the container. Alternatively, the containers are completely wrapped in a shrinkable label, using a process in which the shrinkable film is applied to the container directly from a continuous roll of film material, and then heat is applied to fit the wrapped label to the container. Regardless, label defects often occur during labeling operations for bottles with simple or complex shapes during label application or in processes after label application. These poorly applied labels result in a lot of scrap or additional processing steps that can be costly.

Therefore, there is a need for a process in which a pattern and / or signs can be applied to a curved surface and, in particular, a complex curved surface without defects.

Eliminating or reducing the previously mentioned problems can also lead to additional advantages, such as a reduction in the total capital cost of technological equipment, a decrease in the production area associated with the labeling process, an increase in the service life of the equipment due to a reduction in heat exposure, and an increase in the constancy and reliability of the process as a result of simplification of the process .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides improvements to labeling operations, and in particular, to methods for applying patterns to objects by thermal transfer labeling.

The difficulties and disadvantages associated with previously known systems and methods are overcome in the present method and device related to a heated flexible element that easily and uniformly applies one or more patterns to containers using thermal transfer label assemblies, and in particular, containers with complex curved surfaces without defects.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for applying a thermal transfer pattern from a support member or web to a container. The thermal transfer pattern includes a region of paint or other pigmented composition placed on the support member. The method includes providing a label processing apparatus comprising (i) a rigid frame defining a first face and an oppositely directed second face, the frame defining an opening extending between the first and second faces, and (ii) a flexible member located adjacent to at least one of the first face and the second face of the frame and passing through the hole of the frame and protruding outward from the second face of the frame. A flexible member defines an outer surface for contact with a support member. The flexible element also defines an internal hollow region accessible from the side of the first face of the frame. A flexible element is deformable by applying a force of contact with the label to a portion of the element protruding outward from the second face of the frame. The method also comprises heating the flexible member. Moreover, the method comprises arranging a thermal transfer pattern and a supporting member between the outer surface of the flexible member and the container. The method further includes contacting the outer surface of the flexible member with the supporting member and contacting the thermal transfer pattern with the container. The method also includes applying a label contact force to the flexible member, whereby the flexible member is deformed, and the thermal transfer pattern is at least partially transferred to the container.

In another aspect, the invention provides a label processing system comprising a thermal transfer label comprising a support member or web and an area of ink or other pigmented composition disposed on the support member. The system for processing labels also includes a device for processing labels for simultaneous heating and contact of the label with the container. The label processing apparatus includes (i) a rigid frame defining a first face and an oppositely directed second face, the frame defining an opening extending between the first and second faces, and (ii) a flexible member located adjacent to at least one of the first face and the second face of the frame and passing through the hole of the frame and protruding outward from the second face of the frame. In this case, the flexible element defines the outer surface for contact with the label. The flexible element also defines an internal hollow region accessible from the side of the first face of the frame. A flexible element is deformable by applying a force of contact with the label to a portion of the element protruding outward from the second face of the frame.

As will be understood, the invention allows for other and excellent embodiments, and some of its details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is an illustration of a characteristic tank having a complex curved surface.

Figure 2 is an illustration of the container according to figure 1 with a label perfectly applied to the outer surface of the container and passing in the area of a complex curved surface.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of the container of FIG. 1 with a label and seams typically obtained after application to the container using currently known techniques.

4 is a schematic perspective view of a flexible member of a preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the flexible member shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a front view of the flexible member shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

7 is a front perspective view of a flexible member held and supported in a frame assembly and body of a preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention.

Fig.8 is another perspective front view, revealing the inner region of the flexible element, the assembly of the frame and the housing depicted in Fig.7.

Fig.9 is a perspective rear view of the flexible element, the assembly of the frame and body in Fig.7 and 8.

Figure 10 is a section of a flexible element, the assembly of the frame and the body, taken along the line AA in figure 9.

11 is a front view of a preferred flexible member and frame assembly of another preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the frame assembly of the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 11 without a flexible member.

13 is a perspective view of a container having a label partially glued to the container in accordance with a preferred method of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a top view of the container and partially adhered label shown in Fig. 13.

Fig is a schematic view illustrating the initial contact between the label and the container according to Fig and 14 with the preferred flexible element in accordance with the preferred method of the invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view illustrating further contact between the label and the container and the flexible member after the state shown in Fig. 15.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view illustrating further contact between the label and the container and the flexible member after the state shown in FIG. 16.

Fig. 18 is a schematic view illustrating further contact between the label and the container and the flexible member after the state shown in Fig. 17.

Fig. 19 is a schematic view illustrating further contact between the label and the container and the flexible member after the state shown in Fig. 18. On Fig shows a typical configuration of the rolling adopted by the flexible element to the last stage.

20 is a perspective view illustrating deformation of a flexible member resulting from contact with a container having a curved external contour.

FIG. 21 is a preferred assembly of flexible members and frame assemblies for simultaneously applying multiple labels to multiple containers.

FIG. 22 is a plan view of a preheating assembly for use with the assembly of FIG. 21.

Fig.23 is a top view of the assembly depicted in Fig.21, with additional elements.

24 is a schematic front view of a flexible member of another preferred embodiment in accordance with the invention.

25 is a schematic front view of a flexible member of yet another other preferred embodiment in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 26 is a front view of characteristic guide elements corresponding to the shape of the container to be labeled.

27 is a perspective view of a quick change assembly of a preferred embodiment having a flexible member in accordance with the invention.

Fig is a perspective view of a group of quick-change assemblies in accordance with the invention.

Fig.29 is a front view of the group of assemblies depicted in Fig.28.

30 is a front view of a group of quick change assemblies, each using a cavity of a different size.

Fig is a perspective view of a characteristic container and partially applied labels.

Fig. 32 is a planar top view of the container and label shown in Fig. 31.

33 is a perspective view of a smoothing assembly of a preferred embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a smoothing brush element of a preferred embodiment used in the smoothing assembly of FIG. 33.

FIG. 35 shows a smoothing assembly of a preferred embodiment, applying regions of a label to a container.

On Fig and 37 schematically shows the configuration of the container and partially contacting labels.

On Fig and 39 schematically shows another configuration of the container and partially contacting labels.

40 and 41 schematically show another configuration of a container and a partially contacting label.

Figures 42-44 and 46-49 schematically depict the process of a preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention.

On Fig shows an undesirable condition that could potentially occur during the operation of the labeling.

Detailed Description of Embodiments

The present invention provides further improvements to the principles, methods, elements and equipment for applying labels and films to curved surfaces, such as external curved surfaces of various containers. Although the present invention has been mainly described in terms of applying thermal transfer labels or related assemblies to containers, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to containers. Instead, the invention can be applied to apply multiple labels or films on the surface of almost any type of object. The invention, in particular, is directed to applying thermal transfer labels to the curved surfaces of the container. Moreover, the invention, in particular, is also directed to applying labels, such as thermal transfer labels, to complex curved surfaces of various containers. Although descriptions of various preferred equipment are given here regarding the application of pressure sensitive labels and / or shrink labels, it should be understood that the preferred equipment and associated elements can also be used in conjunction with thermal transfer labeling.

References are made here to containers having curved surfaces or complex curved surfaces. A curved surface is a surface defined by a line moving along a curved path. A complex curved surface is a specific type of curved surface in which the previously marked line is a curved line. Examples of a complex curved surface include, but are not limited to, or the outer surface of a sphere, a hyperbolic paraboloid, and a dome. It should be understood that the present invention can be applied to apply labels and films to a wide variety of surfaces, including planar surfaces and simple curved surfaces. However, as explained in more detail here, the invention is particularly well suited for applying labels and films to complex curved surfaces.

Thermal Transfer Labeling

A widely used method for printing patterns on objects is thermal transfer labeling. This process typically uses a paper base sheet or web carrying a label including a peeling layer onto which the pattern is printed with ink or other pigmented composition. In one successful thermal transfer decoration technology, labels are transferred to bottles or other objects using heat and pressure by feeding the item to a transfer point where the sheet carrying the label is pressed against the item to transfer the label, i.e. drawing on the outer surface of the subject.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, various label processing devices and, in particular, their respective flexible elements are used to apply one or more patterns from a web or other transferring element to a container, bottle, or other target item. The label processing devices according to the preferred embodiment and their flexible elements are well suited for use in thermal transfer labeling operations and are particularly well suited for applying patterns to complex curved surfaces.

More specifically, the invention provides a thermal transfer labeling method using a decorative laminate including a pattern that is transferred from a support member or web onto an object. The support element or web is heated to a first temperature, allowing the pattern to separate the decorative layered structure from the support element. In certain embodiments, the surface of the flexible member is preferably at a second slightly lower temperature. In other embodiments, the surface of the flexible member is at a second temperature greater than the temperature of the web. And in still other embodiments, the surface of the flexible member is at the same temperature as the web temperature. The decorative layered material and the pattern are pressed to the object, forming an adhesive bond with it. After retracting the flexible member, the supporting member or web is easily detached from the pattern now glued or otherwise placed on the subject. In the following description, the assembly of a thermal transfer label, in a general sense, comprises a decorative laminate that includes one or more patterns to be transferred to the respective objects. In this case, the assembly of the thermal transfer label also contains a supporting element or web that carries a decorative laminate. The assembly of the thermal transfer label may include one or more separated layers between the decorative laminate and the web to facilitate separation of the pattern from the web. The decorative laminate may also include additional elements, such as an outer layer of thermal transfer adhesive. After the decorative laminated material comes into contact with the object, the adhesive helps to hold and adhere the pattern to the object.

In a preferred embodiment, the assembly of the thermal transfer label includes a non-wax adhesive / release layer that is in direct contact with the support member or web. The adhesive / detachable layer acts as a detachable layer allowing the decorative laminate to separate from the support when the support member is heated, and as an adhesive when the decorative laminate is pressed against the item and transferred from the canvas to the item. The assembly of the thermal transfer label may include a wax-based release layer located between the adhesive / release layer and the support. The non-wax adhesive / release layer is softened by heating the support member and is separated from it during transfer. This layer can also act as an adhesive that forms a permanent bond with the subject during transfer.

The assembly of the thermal transfer label further includes a colorful pattern. If desired, the assembly of the thermal transfer label includes a protective coating layer on the ink layer. However, this layer may be omitted in many applications.

Optionally, the assembly of the thermal transfer label further includes a barrier layer located between the adhesive / release layer and the ink layer. The barrier layer, where included, works to prevent absorption of paint into the non-wax adhesive / release layer.

An embodiment has the advantage that the decorative laminate can consist of either a single-color decorative pattern or a multi-color decorative pattern including halftone colors. Another advantage of the embodiment is that the decorative laminate can be transferred to almost any type of object, regardless of its shape or degree of curvature of the surface, without causing distortion of the print pattern. Thus, an object, for example, may consist of ceramics, glass, plastic, paper foil, and a plurality of polymeric materials, and the surface onto which the transfer substrate moves can be flat or include complex curves, irregular surfaces, or recessed sections. As described in more detail for certain applications, the objects onto which the pattern (s) are transferred are fabrics or textiles, including woven and non-woven materials.

The assembly of the thermal transfer label of the preferred embodiment includes a paper sheet or web that is coated on one side with different layers constituting a decorative laminate. A decorative laminate typically includes a resin coating layer in contact with a support (i.e., an adhesive / release layer), a paint layer covering the resin coating layer, and a protective coating layer on the paint layer.

In yet another embodiment, various label processing apparatuses as described herein can be used in conjunction with thermal transfer labeling and permeable or “breathable” adhesives to apply patterns to fabrics, textiles, and the like.

A representative thermal transfer label comprising permeable adhesives and / or paints is as follows. Typically, a thermal transfer label has four layers: a temporary support layer, a sign layer, a thermal transfer adhesive layer, and a release layer between and in contact with the sign and support layer. After application to the fabric, the label is placed on the fabric with a layer of thermal transfer adhesive that is in contact with the fabric. The labeling process can be carried out in the form of any of a number of known processes for labeling, direct attachment, gluing, blowing, etc. and then pinning. Preferably, the device for processing labels and its flexible element, as described here, are used to apply a layer of signs and a layer of thermal transfer adhesive to the fabric.

Heat can be applied from the side of temporary support. Temporary support is then diverted with a detachable layer and leaves only imprinted signs attached to the surface of the fabric by adhesive. Temporary support and a detachable layer form the supporting part of the label, which acts as a label carrier but cannot be transferred to the fabric. A layer of signs and a layer of thermal transfer adhesive form a transportable part of the label, which will be transferred to the fabric. Each layer in the carry part of the label is preferably breathable. Each layer in the supporting part does not necessarily require to be breathable, since it does not transfer to the fabric.

The thermal transfer label may additionally include at least one of the following layers in the transfer part: a white layer located between the sign layer and the adhesive layer, a transparent layer located between the sign layer and the release layer, and a transparent layer located between the white layer and the adhesive layer, when a white layer is used. The white layer can provide a contrasting background color for the characters in such a way that the appearance of the characters is not substantially damped by the color of the fabric. The transparent layer can be used to protect the character layer and to modify the adhesion of the character layer to the separating layer. Another transparent layer can be used to modify the adhesion between the adhesive layer and the white layer.

The supporting support element or web provides mechanical strength for the label structure for ease of handling and handling. It also provides the possibility of folding or stacking a sheet of label for storage until further processing or accession to the garment. Paper or polymer films can be used as a carrier. A preferred carrier is a thermostabilized polymer film, such as PET. A large variety of materials can be used for media, support element or web. In addition to the materials noted herein, it is also contemplated that fabrics, textiles, nonwovens, and woven materials can be used as carriers. It is also contemplated that thermal transfer label assemblies may include one or more fabric or textile layers. Combinations of all of these materials are contemplated. The preferred thickness for the carrier film is 2-7 mils in thickness. More preferably, it is 4-6 mil.

A release layer is a low melting point material with suitable adhesion to the sign layer or transparent coating when used. By suitable adhesion is meant that the marks or transparent coating can be applied to the release layer, but can also be separated from the release layer during thermal transfer. The separation means for the release layer may be a wax-based material or silicone. The separation agent may further include a polymeric binder and other additives, such as matting agents. In cases in which wax is selected for the separating agent, certain types of wax may contaminate the surface of the breathable label after thermal transfer has been performed, hydrophilic wax is preferred. Preferred melting points for wax range from 70 to 150 ° C. It is more preferable to use wax with a melting point in the range of 100-120 ° C. One example of a hydrophilic wax is Unithox D-300, a non-ionic wax emulsion from Baker Petrolite that is 23.5% in solid phase. Another example is the E6 Release, available from the Avery Dennison RIS division. The wax layer may be based on a solvent or water, and may include the same series of additives as the layers in the carry part of the label, which will be examined in detail later. The wax layer may be printed or applied. The thickness of the wax release layer is from about 1 to about 10 microns, but more preferably from about 1 to about 5 microns.

In certain embodiments, each layer of a thermal transfer label that attaches to an object preferably exhibits breathability, i.e. to allow moisture to penetrate. Breathability is the result of the use of polymers, which can form a breathable film. These polymers are hydrophilic in nature and form a monolithic film, i.e. film without microporous interconnected structures. The air permeability of these hydrophilic polymers is the result of molecular diffusion and conductivity of water in the side chain of the hydrophilic polymer. This mechanism is described in detail in J. Mater. Chem., 2007, 17, 2775-2784, which is fully incorporated by reference. Hydrophilic polymers can also absorb condensed water and allow water to pass through the polymer film, a process commonly called water adsorption.

Breathable hydrophilic polymers include water-based disperse systems and solvent-based disperse systems. Examples of dispersed water-based hydrophilic polymer systems include Permax 202, Permax 230, Permax 300, and Permax 803, all of which are from Lubrizol Corp., Wickliffe, pc. Ohio, USA Preferred hydrophilic breathable polymers have polyalkylene oxide grafted as side chains instead of being part of the main chain as described by Lubnin and others in US Pat. No. 6,897,281. Permax 230 is a nonionic stabilized polyurethane dispersion system with a solids content of 33%. It is characterized by a water vapor permeability rate (MVTR) for a dried film of 500 g / m ² / day using an upright water bowl (ASTM E-96B) and 4,500 g / m ² / day using an inverted water bowl (ASTM E-96BW). Permax 230 also has a viscosity in the molten state, which allows it to leak into the fabric when it is melted at temperatures above 250 ° F, making it ideal for making breathable hot-melt adhesives.

Examples of solvent-based hydrophilic polymers include the breathable polyurethane SU-55-074 from Stahl Corp, which is a 30% solid solution in a toluene / isopropanol mixture. Such polymers can also be crosslinked by a urethane group using polyisocyanates such as the trimer Coronate HXLV hexamethylene diisocyanate from Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co. Preferred solvents for such polymers include propylene and dipropylene glycol.

In addition to the hydrophilic polymer, the composition for each layer in the transported part may further include a carrier fluid and one or more of the following elements: polymers, waxes, additives, pigments, etc. Additives include chemicals such as humectants, rheological modifiers, surface tension modifiers, leveling agents, release agents, etc.

The carrier fluid may be water or a solvent. Examples of suitable solvents include dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, gamma-butyrolactone, n-ethylpyrrolidinone, etc. When water is used as the carrier fluid, co-solvent may still be required to contribute to the stability of the composition. Suitable cosolvents include propylene glycol esters, esters and ethylene glycol esters / esters. Examples of cosolvents include the series of dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and monopropylene glycol.

Humidifiers maintain the mobility and hydration of the composition during processing. Examples of humectants include: monopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, etc. or mixtures of glycols and waxes, such as Aqualube AQ54 from Nazdar Corp.

Rheological modifiers provide suitable rheological properties for the composition. Newtonian or viscoplastic flow properties are preferred for formulations. For screen printing, the viscosity of the compositions are preferred from 10,000 cP to 100,000 cP. For other printing methods, such as flexography or engraving, the viscosities of the compositions are preferably in a lower range, for example 5-250 cP, and the Newtonian flow property is preferred. Examples of rheological modifiers include bound hydrophilic polyurethanes, such as DSX1415 from Cognis Corp., BorchiGel L75N from Borchers, or alkali-swellable thickeners, such as UCAR Polyphobes 102 and 106 from Dow Chemical.

Surface tension modifiers or surfactants can be anionic or nonionic. Non-ionic and non-fluorinated with low foaming characteristics are preferred. Examples of suitable surface tension modifiers include alkoxylated silicones such as TegoWet 270 from Tego-Degussa or BYK 319 from BYK Chemie, ethoxylated hydrocarbons, for example Triton CF-10 from Dow Chemical, or acetylene-derived alcohols such as Surfynol 104E from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.

Defoamers such as BYK 24, 28.19 from BYK Chemie may also be used.

Pigments are important for the character layer and the white layer. Pigment pastes that are previously dispersed in water or an organic solvent are preferred. Examples of such pigments include a number of BASF Aurasperse pigment concentrates. Aurasperse W-308, for example, is a white TiO ₂ concentrate with 71% solids. It can be used in a white background layer. Aurasperse W-7012 is a black pigment concentrated to 35% solids. It can be used in black paint of a color layer.

pH buffers can also be part of formulations. The role of buffers is to maintain the pH of the composition and increase the shelf life of liquid paint by slowing the chemical activity of the crosslinker. pH buffers are also used to control the rheological properties of formulations when some form of alkaline thickening is used. A suitable pH buffer is DMAMP-80, an amino alcohol product from Dow Chemical, which is an 80% solution of 2-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanol in water. DMAMP-80 can effectively thicken alkaline swellable thickeners, such as UCAR Polyphobes 102 and 106 from Dow Chemical.

The optional transparent layer acts as a protective layer or varnish to give the label increased resistance to abrasion and scratch. It also serves to regulate the adhesion of the label to the supporting release layer. This coat should be applied evenly. A preferred thickness is from about 1 to about 20 microns.

Signs are a colored layer of a picture that functions to display the visual information of a label. This layer must be breathable and breathability may be a function of the solid pigment content of the paint. For the color layer, it is important to use colored pigments compared to dyes. Color carriers in paints typically provide enhanced resistance to environmental factors and do not exhibit a tendency to thermal sublimation. Preferred color carriers used in the characters are organic and inorganic pigments. The thickness of the signs may be a function of pigment concentration (lower limits or the minimum necessary values to achieve the required optical density are preferred) and breathability (the higher, the better). A preferred thickness is from about 10 to about 50 microns.

A white background layer provides a contrasting background for the color layer of the picture. This layer should be evenly printed and breathable. A preferred thickness is from about 20 to about 200 microns. It has all the properties of the color layer of the pattern and additionally requires a high level of white pigment (> 50% pigment in the mixture of hard film), as its masking ability should suppress the background color of the fabric with which the label is adhered. A white background layer may be optional if the color of the fabric substrate is white. For this layer, it is preferable, not paying attention to the color or nature of the fabric substrate, to demonstrate a constant background for the characters. The preferred pigment for this layer is treated with silica or alumina TiO ₂ , since they are also hydrophilic.

An optional transparent layer functions as a bonding layer if the white background layer does not provide satisfactory adhesion to the adhesive layer. This is especially required for some heavily TiO ₂ loaded white compounds.

The adhesive layer used in typical thermal transfer labels preferably satisfies the following requirements: a) melts and flows into the tissue structure between about 250-350 ° F when it is heated for 5 to about 50 seconds, b) has an appropriate module to withstand high temperature tests the wash required by some clothing manufacturers, and c) has adequate adhesion to synthetic fibers. The thickness of the adhesive may vary from about 20 to about 500 microns.

Since the adhesive layer will be in contact with the fabric after the heat transfer process and therefore hidden behind the sign layer and other layers when used, there are two ways to make this layer breathable: by using breathable hot-melt adhesive or by printing with distribution hot-melt adhesive that is not breathable, or a combination of both. When using distribution printing, the adhesive is applied to separate areas, leaving a space between the adhesives, so that moisture or condensed water can pass through. Breathable adhesives can be used to at least partially fill the space between non-breathing adhesives.

When using breathable thermal transfer labels as described herein, a typical thermal transfer label is characterized by an MTVR of at least 100 g / m ² / day as measured by ASTM 96E Procedure D. Preferably, MTVR labels range from 400 to 900 g / m ² / day when tested according to ASTM 96E Procedure D.

It should be understood that the thermal transfer labeling methods of the preferred embodiment are not limited to a specific label, supporting element and configuration, as described previously. Instead, the invention includes a wide variety of alternative methods and principles for performing thermal transfer labeling using the equipment of the preferred embodiment, namely a label processing device as described herein. Although the following description of the various labeling equipment is generally given from the point of view of applying polymer film labels and, in particular, pressure sensitive labels and / or heat-shrinkable labels, it should be understood that the equipment can also be used to apply one or more patterns, for example, in the form of a decorative laminate, from the assembly of a thermal transfer label.

Labeling using flexible elements

Specifically, the invention provides a flexible labeling device or element for a processing device and an associated assembly that, when used in accordance with the preferred technology, as described herein, applies labels to curved surfaces without the associated problems of defects such as seams and creases. The technology results in the application of labels on the curved surfaces of the container without defects due to the use of the unique operation of simultaneous heating and smoothing.

A flexible element, its various characteristics and various frames and associated assemblies for supporting and using the element are all described in more detail here. Additionally, preferred aspects of labels and films for coating containers are also described herein. Moreover, preferred aspects of label adhesives and other aspects and details of labels are described herein. In addition, preferred processes for applying labels through the use of flexible element (s) are all described in more detail here.

Flexible element

The present invention provides a flexible element or membrane that is adapted to contact the label, assemble the label, film (s) or other similar elements and apply pressure to the label to contact and adhere the label to the surface of the container. Typically, labels are applied to the outer surface of the container, which, as noted earlier, is curved or otherwise exhibits a curved contour or shape. In many cases, certain areas of the container may exhibit complex curves. By using the present invention, labels can be applied to these areas without defects.

The flexible element is sufficiently rigid so that the element retains its shape until it touches the label (s) or container (s). The element is not too rigid, and therefore is flexible, so that the element is easily deformed upon contact and when a load is applied, such as, for example, the force of contact with the label. This preferred characteristic is described in more detail here, but is generally indicated by reference to the flexible element as being deformable.

A flexible element can be provided in a wide variety of different shapes, sizes and configurations, provided that it exhibits a marked sign of deformability. Preferably, the flexible element defines a protruding outward or dome-shaped surface, such as a convex surface, for contact with the label and / or container. The flexible member also defines an internal hollow region, preferably accessible from the side of the portion opposite the portion of the protruding outward contact surface.

It is also preferred that the flexible member provides heat to the label and / or container. Therefore, it is preferable that the flexible element transfers heat at least on a portion of its outer surface and preferably on its protruding outside surface for subsequent transfer of such heat to the label and / or container, in particular when in contact with the label. Heat can be provided on the surface of the flexible element using a variety of different methods. However, it is usually preferred that a heat source is provided in the interior of the flexible member. Heat in the interior of the flexible member is then transmitted through the wall of the flexible member, for example due to conductivity, to the outer surface of the member. It should be understood that the invention includes flexible elements that do not include any heating means. In this embodiment of the invention, one or more preheaters are used to heat labels and / or films.

A preferred heat source for the flexible member is a flameless heater, such as an electric powered resistive heater. Alternatively, one or more channel coils through which the heated medium passes can also be located in the interior of the flexible member. Another other heat source delivers the heated medium directly to the hollow interior of the flexible means. Examples of such media include, but are not limited to, air, other gases, fluids, or fluids. For example, liquid hydrocarbons, such as oils, can be used to heat and / or fill the inner hollow region of a flexible member. However, air is often preferred because it is easily accessible and leakage is not a problem.

For embodiments in which a heating coil or heating assembly is provided in the interior of the flexible member, a specific configuration of the coil or assembly may be provided so as to optimize heat transfer to the desired areas of the flexible member, for example, the outer peripheral regions of the domed outer surface area. Typically, the preferred configuration or shape of the heater depends on the particular geometry of the bottle and its corresponding label, which the flexible element is in contact with. Preferably, an oval or round shape may be used, the heater being located relatively close to the inner surface of the wall of the flexible member along areas corresponding to the outer regions of the label applied to them. This is preferred since it is usually not necessary to heat the label portion (s) that are already glued (s) to the container, for example, the inner (s) middle (s) region (s). This is explained in more detail here.

In preferred embodiments of the flexible member, the outer domed region and sometimes the side walls attached to it bend, deform, and move when the member comes into contact with the container and label. Thus, it is usually preferred that any heating means, such as, for example, electrically resistive heating elements, are not directly connected to the flexible element. However, the present invention contemplates that such structures and arrangements may be used. For example, flexible printed heating elements may be applied to the inner surface or the outer surface of the flexible element. It is also contemplated that an electric-powered resistive heater may be formed inside or otherwise placed inside a flexible member.

The heating of the domed label adjacent to the outer surface of the flexible member can be accomplished in almost any way. For example, many heating sources, means and / or other technologies may be used. In certain applications, it may be preferable to use multiple heaters. For example, the first heater may be used to heat air entering the inner hollow region of the flexible member. The first heater, for example, may be an electric-powered resistive heater. A second heater may be provided in the interior of the flexible member and be relatively stationary. The second heater may be in the form of an electric-powered resistive heater or use one or more coils through which a heat transfer fluid flows. The heating of the flexible member is such that the external temperature of the flexible member is at least 38 ° C and most preferably from about 120 ° C to about 150 ° C during labeling operations. It should be understood that the temperature or temperature range to which the outer surface of the flexible element is heated depends on numerous parameters, including, for example, the characteristics of shrink labels and adhesive properties. It is also contemplated that another series of heaters may be used to heat labels and / or containers until they come into contact with the flexible element. These heaters may be located outside the flexible member. For example, one or more infrared heaters may be used. Infrared lamps are preferred as they tend to heat the target objects, i.e. labels, and do not heat the surrounding atmosphere. Preferably, for certain applications, the labels are heated to a temperature of at least 38 ° C until they are finally applied to the container. A wide variety of heating principles and technologies can be used to increase the temperature of the outer surface of a flexible element.

For certain preferred embodiments, it is desirable to use a single heat source. Those. for certain applications, it is preferable to use one or more inlet pipe heaters to heat the incoming air during or before it enters the flexible element and not to use one or more heaters inside the flexible element. The heaters provided in the interior of the flexible element are preferably radiation heaters. The elimination or elimination of such internal heaters can provide a significant reduction in cost. However, it should be understood that the invention includes systems in which heating is provided only inside the flexible element, systems in which heating is provided by both heaters of the inlet pipes and heaters inside the flexible element, and secondary systems using tertiary or other complementary heaters in combination with heaters inlets and / or heaters in the interior of the flexible member.

Another feature provided in certain preferred embodiments relates to the use of one or more air manifolds typically located in a flexible member. In a preferred system configuration, heated air is continuously circulated through one or more flexible elements during the labeling operation. Excess air is discharged when one or more flexible elements are in contact and pressed against respective containers carrying labels. New air is then introduced after the flexible element is positioned at a distance from and is no longer in contact with the container and label. It is preferable that the new air is heated, as this practice precludes the use of air with an ambient temperature that would otherwise cool the flexible element.

Many of the assemblies of the flexible member, frame, and / or housing of the preferred embodiment utilize a single inlet for incoming heated air at a rear wall that covers the interior of the flexible member. The direction of the heated air into the inner part of the flexible element and, in particular, through one inlet results in the formation of areas of elevated temperatures on the flexible element. Such areas of unevenness are undesirable.

Accordingly, for certain applications, it is preferable to use an assembly of an air manifold or distributor in the interior of the flexible member. Air manifolds can be in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Air collectors are used to distribute heated air in the interior of the flexible member, thereby heating the flexible member more evenly.

The manifold or airflow distributor may be in a variety of different shapes, sizes and / or configurations. For example, one or more distributor plates may be provided from which incoming heated air is directed. The flowing air stream is deflected by the distributor plate (s) and thereby directed to other areas in the interior of the flexible member. The distributor plate may be located directly in the flow of flowing air, for example, by attaching the plate across the port opening of the air inlet port. Other elements may be used in combination with a distributor plate, for example, one or more rods or other elements to divert flow. Typically, any element that causes or contributes to turbulence in the air flow in the interior of the flexible element can be used.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the air manifold is a tubular distributor. The tubular distributor preferably has the shape of a pipe or channel in fluid communication with the inlet for heated air, and sizes and shapes such as to fit within the interior of the flexible member. A pipe or channel defines a longitudinal duct extending in the longitudinal direction. A pipe or channel also defines a plurality of holes or other passages in the side walls and any end walls of the pipe. The air entering the flexible element through the inlet pipe is guided through the pipe and exits the pipe through many holes. The shape or arrangement of the passages is such that the heated air leaving the pipe uniformly heats, or essentially so, the inside of the flexible member and preferably the front wall of the flexible member that ultimately contacts the labels. For example, the characteristic shape of the passages may include two rows of passages running along the length of the pipe. Each hole or passage is approximately 1.5 mm in diameter and spaced about 25 mm apart. Two rows are located relative to each other at 60 ° and are directed to the inner sides and front surfaces in the inner part of the flexible element. This row orientation serves to direct heated air into the lateral lateral regions of the flexible member, where such heating is typically required.

The inner hollow region of the flexible element may be open or in interaction with the atmosphere and, thus, be at atmospheric pressure. Alternatively, the interaction between the inner region and the outer atmosphere may be partially or completely limited so that the inner region is under pressure that is greater than or less than atmospheric pressure. The flexible element can also be made or interlocked with other elements in such a way that during the deformation of the flexible element, the pressure in the inner hollow region of the element changes and differs from the pressure in this region before deformation. For example, a preferred configuration, as described in more detail here, provides a partially limited interaction between the internal hollow region of the flexible member and the external atmosphere. Before deformation, the limitation is not complete, so the inner hollow region is at atmospheric pressure. After deformation, the volume of the inner hollow region decreases. Due to the said partial limitation and reduction in volume, the pressure in the inner hollow region of the flexible member increases to a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The increase in pressure is preferably temporary, since air in the inner hollow region has the ability to exit the inner region of the flexible member. These aspects are described in more detail here.

Preferably, the flexible member is not pressurized prior to the labeling process. That is, preferably, the inner hollow region of the flexible member is at atmospheric pressure. By selectively controlling the restriction of the flow of air leaving the flexible member during the labeling operation, a controlled increase and maintenance of pressure in the flexible member is achieved. Preferably, the contents of the flexible member are discharged after each labeling operation, so that the pressure in the interior of the flexible member returns to atmospheric. Preferably, the maximum pressure, as measured in the inner hollow region of the flexible member, is less than 34,500 N / m ² , more preferably less than 27,600 N / m ² , and most preferably less than 20,700 N / m ² . However, it should be understood that the present invention includes other principles of ventilation and the use of maximum pressures less than or greater than those noted. Typically, a very steady and stable supply of air to the flexible element through the open outlet ports is provided throughout the course of the labeling operation. The flexible element will partially decrease when it is in contact with the label and the container, and in certain cases it may wrinkle when it is in full contact with the label and the container.

It should be understood that the present invention can use a large number of assemblies in addition to or in certain applications instead of the flexible elements described herein, for applying a label or film to a curved surface. For example, various mechanical assemblies may be used, in particular using springs or other biasing elements. It is also contemplated that a labeling device or elements for processing labels using compressible foam materials may be used.

A flexible element can be made of almost any material, provided that the element is sufficiently flexible, i.e. deformable, and demonstrates good properties of thermal conductivity, durability and wear resistance. A preferred class of materials for the flexible member is silicones.

More specifically referred to as polymerized siloxanes or polysiloxanes, silicones are mixed inorganic-organic polymers with the chemical formula [R ₂ SiO] _n , where R is an organic group, for example methyl, ethyl or phenyl. These materials typically include an inorganic silicon-oxygen backbone (...- Si-O-Si-O-Si-O -...) with organic side groups attached to silicon atoms, which are four-coordinate.

In some cases, organic side groups can be used to connect two or more of these —Si — O— backbones to each other. By changing the lengths of the-Si-O chains, side groups and crosslinking, silicones can be synthesized with a wide variety of properties and compositions. They can vary in consistency from liquid to gel, to rubber, to hard plastic. The most common siloxane is linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a silicone oil. The second largest group of silicone materials is based on silicone resins, which are formed by branched and cell-like oligosiloxanes.

Especially preferred silicone for use in the performance of the flexible member is a commercially available silicone elastomer, designated as Rhodorsil ^® V-240. Rhodorsil ^® V-240 is available from Bluestar Silicones, Rock Hill, NY. South Carolina. This silicone elastomer is a two-component silicone rubber compound of addition vulcanization, vulcanization at room temperature or accelerated by heating. It is formed as rubber with a hardness of 60 durometer (Shore A) with high strength properties, long estimated service life, low shrinkage, excellent reproduction of parts, good separation characteristics and increased inhibition resistance. The composition of Rhodorsil ^® V-240 is usually as shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1
Composition Rhodorsil ^® Component Reg. CAS No. Percentage Methyl vinyl polysiloxane -------- Quartz (S _i O ₂ ) 14808-60-7 15-40 Filler -------- Calcium carbonate 471-34-1 1-5 Platinum complex -------- <0.1

As explained here, in certain applications, it is desirable to heat the label before or during application of the label to the target surface. And, as noted earlier, heating means can be incorporated into the inner hollow region of the flexible member. Accordingly, it is desirable that the material of the flexible element exhibits a relatively high thermal conductivity to facilitate heat transfer to the outer surface of the flexible element. Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the flexible member is at least 0.1 W / (m ° C), more preferably at least 0.15 W / (m ° C), more preferably at least 0.20 W / (m ° C), more preferably at least 0.25 W / (m ° C), and most preferably at least 0.275 W / (m ° C).

For embodiments in which the flexible member is made of silicone elastomer, the wall thickness of the flexible member is preferably from about 2.3 mm to about 3.0 mm. It should be understood that the specific wall thickness depends on the choice of material, the required deformability characteristics and other parameters. Accordingly, the present invention is in no way limited to these wall thicknesses.

Most preferably, the flexible member is a dome-shaped protruding outwardly deformable member. An element may include one or more arched side walls or a plurality of straight walls arranged so as to form an internal hollow region. In a preferred embodiment, the flexible element includes four side walls that extend between the base and the domed label-contacting surface. Four walls are located transversely with adjacent walls so as to form a square or rectangular shape. The base is preferably made in the form of a flange that extends along the common edge of the four side walls. The domed surface extends from the edge of the side walls opposite the flange. The entire flexible element, i.e. its base, side walls and a domed surface can be easily formed by molding a silicone elastomer, such as previously noted Rhodorsil ^® V-240. The exact shape, size and configuration of the flexible element mainly depends on the shape, size and configuration of the bottle on which the label is to be applied. For many applications, the flexible member may be oval with a domed front face. However, it should be understood that the present invention includes flexible elements of almost any shape.

The particular shape and / or configuration of the flexible member mainly depends on the shape of the label and the shape or contour of the container. Although for many applications a flexible element having a substantially rectangular and symmetrical front profile with arched or rounded edges may be suitable, for certain applications it may be preferable to use flexible elements having asymmetrical front and / or side profiles. Examples of flexible elements having asymmetric profiles are given and described here.

Flex element frame and assembly

The present invention also provides a frame for supporting a flexible member and preferably engaging with the member to facilitate positioning and contact of the member with a label and / or container. The frame is preferably rigid and may be made of one or more: metals, polymeric materials or composite materials showing the necessary properties, as more fully described here.

Preferably, in one form, a frame is provided having a relatively planar shape defining two oppositely directed sides and defining a relatively large central opening. The hole is sized and shaped to fit and accommodate the flexible member. Accordingly, after positioning the flexible member in the opening of the frame, the frame passes around the flexible member and provides support for the member and facilitates the movement or location of the flexible member. In a preferred embodiment, the flexible member includes a plurality of side walls. Thus, preferably, the frame defines an opening having the same shape as the plurality of side walls of the flexible member. For groups of linear side walls of the flexible member, the shape of the hole defined in the frame preferably corresponds to the shape of the group of side walls. In this case, it is preferable that the number of linear side walls corresponds to the number of internal linear edges of the frame opening.

In certain applications, it may be preferable to provide one or more guide elements extending from the frame and essentially along the flexible element when connected to the frame. One or more guiding element (s) are (are) located and oriented (s) relative to the flexible element in such a way that they serve to limit the degree and / or direction of deformation of the flexible element. The guide elements may be attached or otherwise formed with the frame by means of techniques known in the art. The guide elements are preferably located around the previously marked opening of the frame. The guide elements preferably extend or otherwise protrude from the edge of the frame and, in certain embodiments, may extend laterally from it.

Each guide element may also contain one or more additional elements, or may itself extend in the desired direction with respect to the flexible element. For example, a controllably mounted auxiliary guide element may be provided in the region of the distal end of the guide element. The auxiliary guide element may extend laterally to or at some angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the guide element. The position and specifically the angular orientation of the auxiliary guide element are preferably selected so that the user can change the orientation and position of the auxiliary guide element with respect to the flexible element when required.

Another preferred feature in many embodiments is the provision of guide elements having specific shapes or profiles on their inner faces, i.e. faces of the guide elements that are directed towards the flexible element. The use of guiding elements having a shape or contour of the inner sides contributes to improved contact between the flexible elements and containers / labels. For certain containers having a curved or inclined side wall and / or curved front or rear faces, the use of guide elements having contours defined by the contour facilitates the contact between the flexible element and the label on the tack. In addition, the provision of guide elements having inner sides that coincide or substantially correspond to the contour of the sides of the container, contributes to further displacement of the flexible element around the contour of the container. In addition, it was found that the use of guide elements having inner sides that correspond to the shape of the container, contributes to the application of the angular and external end regions of the label on the container.

The frame is preferably made of steel or aluminum, although a wide variety of other materials are contemplated. The guide elements and / or auxiliary guide elements are preferably also made of steel or aluminum. Guide elements can be made in one piece with the frame. Alternatively, the guide elements can be attached to the frame after the formation of the frame, for example, by welding or by using one or more fasteners. As noted, it is preferred that the auxiliary guide (s) element (s) is (are) set (s) relative to the guide (s) element (s) and / or frame. Therefore, it is preferable that the selectively mounted assembly is used to detachably attach each auxiliary guide member to a corresponding guide member.

The present invention also provides a housing or other mounting assembly. Preferably, the frame and / or flexible element is attached to the housing. The housing preferably has dimensions, shape and configuration to be attached to or otherwise fixed to the frame. The housing can also serve to accommodate heating means for the flexible element. These aspects are all described in more detail here.

Additionally, for certain embodiments, it may be preferable to provide adjustable assemblies so that the position of the guide elements can be selectively adjusted relative to the frame. Such adjustable assemblies can be provided in many forms, however, the preferred assembly includes a pair of vertically oriented rails on which the guiding elements can be selectively arranged and engaged. The use of such an adjustable assembly makes it possible to easily and conveniently set the vertical position of one or more guide elements when required. A vertical installation of the guide element may be desirable to enable labeling of different sizes and / or locations on the target containers.

The assembly of the frame and the housing, and ultimately including a flexible element, may further include one or more additional elements. As noted previously, heating means are preferably provided in the inner hollow region of the flexible member. Preferably, such heating is provided by one or more electric power (s) of the resistive heating (s) element (s). An element can have many different shapes and configurations. Also, as noted earlier, the channel carrying the fluid coolant can be located in the inner hollow region of the flexible element. It is generally preferred that suitable insulating elements be provided in conjunction with the heating element to prevent direct contact with the flexible element. However, if the flexible element is made of a material that is sufficiently resistant to high temperatures, such insulating elements may not be necessary.

The assembly of the frame, the flexible member and the housing preferably further includes a ventilation plate that extends across the open rear region of the flexible member. The ventilation plate provides access to the inner hollow region of the flexible member. After being integrated into the assembly, the ventilation plate contacts and preferably contacts in a sealed manner with the backward facing face of the flexible member and / or frame. The ventilation plate preferably defines one or more openings passing through the ventilation plate, which allow air to pass. Air may be introduced through these openings to increase pressure in the interior of the flexible member and / or to heat the flexible member. When a flexible element is deformed, for example, after contact with a label and a container, air is directed from the hollow interior of the flexible element through one or more openings defined in the ventilation plate. The total cross-sectional area of the flow of the openings of the ventilation plate may be selected or changed in such a way that the flow rate of the air leaving or entering the / into the flexible element is limited or otherwise controlled. This principle can be used to reduce the strain rate of a flexible member. These aspects are described in more detail here.

In certain applications, in particular including mass production, it is preferable to use many assemblies of the frame (s), flexible (s) of the element (s) and / or housing (s), for example, in a parallel configuration in which the elements are located next to each other friend.

Another optional feature of the invention is the provision of a “quick change” head assembly. In these embodiments, a removable head assembly is provided that has a flexible member, additional heater (s) in the flexible member, a frame, and electrical components. The removable head assembly can be easily engaged with and removed from a larger frame or supporting assembly, or with a movable beam device, as is known in the art. Providing a removable head assembly makes it possible to quickly and efficiently replace one flexible member and associated assembly with another flexible member and its associated assembly. This may be desirable when the use of a flexible member having a specific configuration is preferred over another flexible member having a different configuration. The removable head assemblies are preferably designed so that they are easily coupled to or attached to another frame or movable beam device. Power connections and signal connections are preferably made via plug-in connections, although the invention includes the use of other connection systems. These and other aspects are described in more detail here together with a description of a characteristic preferred embodiment.

Labels / Film

As noted earlier, it is preferable that various systems, equipment and elements are used for applying thermal transfer labels and / or signs to objects; it should be understood that systems, equipment and elements can also be used to apply pressure-sensitive labels and / or shrink labels on objects.

The polymer films applicable to the label designs to which the present invention is applied preferably have balanced shrink properties. Balanced shrink properties allow the film to shrink in a variety of directions so as to copy the contour of a complex curved surface when a label is applied to curved surfaces. Films having an unbalanced shrinkage, i.e. films having a high degree of shrinkage in one direction and low for acceptable shrinkage in the other direction. Applicable films having balanced shrinkage provide the ability to apply a larger variety of label shapes to a larger variety of container shapes. Generally, films having balanced shrink properties are preferred.

In one embodiment, the polymer film has an ultimate shrinkage (S) as measured by the ASTM D1204 procedure in at least one direction of at least 10% at 90 ° C, and in the other direction, the shrinkage is within the range of S +/- 20 % In another embodiment, the film has an ultimate shrink (S) in at least one direction from about 10% to about 50% at 70 ° C, and in another direction, the shrink is within the range of S +/- 20%. In one embodiment, the ultimate shrinkage (S) is at least 10% at 90 ° C, and in the other direction, the shrinkage is within the range of S +/- 20%. The temperature of the start of shrinkage of the film in one embodiment is in the range from about 60 ° C to about 80 ° C.

The shrink film must be heat-shrinkable and still have sufficient rigidity to be fed using traditional labeling equipment and processes, including printing, cutting and label transfer. The required stiffness of the film depends on the size of the label, the speed of application and the labeling equipment used. In one embodiment, the shrink film has a longitudinal stiffness (MD) of at least 5 mN as measured by the L&W bending test. In one embodiment, the shrink film has a stiffness of at least 10 mN or at least 20 mN. The rigidity of the shrink film is important for proper labeling on the tear-off plate with high line capacities.

In one embodiment, shaped-shaped labels are applied to an item or container in an automatic in-line labeling process with a line capacity of at least 30 pieces per minute and preferably from at least 250 pieces per minute to at least 500 pieces per minute. It is contemplated that the present invention can be applied in conjunction with processes operating at a rate such as 700-800 units per minute or more.

In one embodiment, the shrink film has a 2% secant modulus, as measured by ASTM D882, in the longitudinal direction (MD) from about 138000000 N / m ² to about 2760000000 N / m ² and in the transverse (or perpendicular) direction (TD) from about 138000000 N / m ² to about 27.6 billion N / m ² . In another embodiment, the 2% secant modulus of the film is from about 206000000 N / m ² to about 2060000000 N / m ² in the longitudinal direction and from about 206000000 N / m ² to about 2060000000 N / m ² in the transverse direction. The film may have a smaller module in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction, so that the label is easy to feed (MD), while maintaining a sufficiently low module in TD for adaptability and / or compressibility.

The polymer film can be made using conventional processes. For example, a film may be fabricated using a double blown process, a stretching process, or may contain a film obtained by blown extrusion.

The shrink film applicable in the label may be a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. The layer or layers of the shrink film can be made of a polymer selected from polyester, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polylactic acid, copolymers and mixtures thereof.

Polyolefins contain homopolymers or copolymers of olefins, which are aliphatic hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Olefins include alkenes that contain 1-alkenes, also known as alpha olefins, such as 1-butene and internal alkenes having a carbon-carbon double bond at non-terminal carbon atoms of the carbon chain, such as 2-butene, cyclic olefins having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, such as cyclohexene and norbornadiene, and cyclic polyenes, which are non-cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons having two or more carbon-carbon double bonds, such as 1,4-butadiene and isoprene. Polyolefins contain alkene homopolymers from one alkene monomer, such as a polypropylene homopolymer, alkene copolymers from at least one alkene monomer and one or more additional olefin monomers, where the first listed alkene is the main component of the copolymer, such as a propylene-ethylene propylene copolymer and a copolymer -ethylene-butadiene, cyclic olefin homopolymers from one cyclic olefin monomer and cyclic olefin copolymers from at least one o cyclic olefin monomer and one or more additional olefin monomers, the first listed cyclic olefin is the main component of the copolymer and a mixture of any of the above olefin polymers.

In one embodiment, the shrink film is a multilayer film comprising an inner layer and at least one outer layer. The outer layer may be a printable outer layer. In one embodiment, the multilayer shrink film comprises an inner and two outer layers, wherein at least one outer layer is printable. The multilayer shrink film may be a coextruded film.

The film may vary in thickness from 12 to 500, or from 12 to 300, or from 12 to 200, or from 25 to 75 microns. The difference in film layers may include a difference in thermoplastic polymer components, in additional components, in orientation, in thickness, or a combination thereof. The thickness of the inner layer may be from 50 to 95%, or from 60 to 95%, or from 70 to 90% of the film thickness. The thickness of the outer layer or a combination of two outer layers can be from 5 to 50%, or from 5 to 40%, or from 10 to 30% of the film thickness.

The film may be further processed on one surface or on both upper and lower surfaces to improve performance in terms of suitability for printing or adhesion to adhesive. The treatment may include applying a surface coating, such as, for example, varnish, applying a high energy discharge to provide a corona discharge on the surface, applying surface fire treatment, or a combination of any of the above treatments. In an embodiment of the invention, the film is treated on both surfaces, and in another embodiment, the film is corona treated on one surface and flame treated on another surface.

The layers of the shrink film may contain pigments, fillers, stabilizers, light-shielding agents, or other suitable modifying agents, if desired. The film may also contain a release agent, glidants, and static reducing agents. Useful release agents include inorganic particles such as clays, talc, calcium carbonate and glass. Slip improvers useful in the present invention include polysiloxanes, waxes, fatty amides, fatty acids, metallic soaps and solid particles such as silica, synthetic amorphous silica and polytetrafluoroethylene powder. Static charge reducing agents useful in the present invention include alkali metal sulfonates, polyester-modified polydiorganosiloxanes, polyalkylphenylsiloxanes and tertiary amines.

In one embodiment, the shrink film is micro-perforated to allow trapped air to escape from the area of interaction between the label and the item to which it is adhered. In another embodiment, the shrink film is permeable to allow removal of fluid from the adhesive or from the surface of the item to be removed. In one embodiment, shrink vents or slots are provided in the shrink film.

The present invention can be applied for applying, processing, and otherwise in conjunction with a wide variety of labels, films and other elements. For example, the invention can be used in conjunction with shrink labels, pressure-sensitive labels, pressure-sensitive shrink labels, heat-sensitive labels and almost any type of label or film known in the art of packaging and labeling.

Adhesive and Additional Label Aspects

A description of applicable pressure sensitive adhesives can be found in the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, vol. 13, Wiley-lnterscience Publishers (New York, 1988). Further descriptions of applicable PSAs can be found in the Polymer Science and Technology Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, Interscience Publishers (New York, 1964). Conventional PSAs are applicable, including acrylic-based PSAs, rubber-based PSAs, and silicone-based PSAs. PSA may be solvent based or may be a water based adhesive. Hot melt adhesives may also be used. In one embodiment, the PSA comprises an acrylic emulsion adhesive.

The adhesive and the side of the film on which the adhesive is applied have sufficient compatibility to ensure good adhesive adhesion. In one embodiment, the adhesive is selected so that the labels can be cleanly removed from the PET containers up to 24 hours after application. The adhesive is also selected so that the components of the adhesive do not migrate into the film.

In one embodiment, the adhesive may be made of an acrylic-based polymer. It is contemplated that any acrylic-based polymer capable of forming an adhesive layer with sufficient tack to adhere to the substrate can be used in the present invention. In certain embodiments, acrylic polymers for pressure sensitive adhesive layers include polymerization of at least one alkyl acrylate monomer containing from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, and in an amount of from about 35 to 95 wt.% based on the weight of the polymer or copolymer, as disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,264,532. Optionally, a pressure sensitive acrylic-based adhesive may be formed from a single polymer product.

The glass transition temperature of the PSA layer containing acrylic polymers can be varied by controlling the amount of polar or "hard monomers" in the copolymer, as proposed in US Pat. No. 5,264,532. The higher the percentage by weight of the hard monomers included in the acrylic copolymer, the higher the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Hard monomers contemplated to be applicable to the present invention include vinyl esters, carboxylic acids and methacrylates, in concentrations based on the weight, varying from about 0 to about 35% by weight based on the weight of the polymer.

PSA may be on an acrylic basis, for example, as proposed in US Pat. No. 5,164,444 (acrylic emulsion), US Pat. No. 5,623,011 (acrylic emulsion of increased stickiness) and US Pat. rubber hot melt adhesive). The adhesive may also include a radiation-curable mixture of monomers with initiators and other components, such as those proposed in US Pat. No. 5,232,958 (UV cured polymer) and US 5,232,958 (electron beam cured). The disclosures of these patents, as they relate to acrylic adhesives, are hereby incorporated by reference.

Available for purchase PSA are applicable in the invention. Examples of these adhesives include hot melt PSAs available from H.B. Fuller Company, St. Paul Minnesota as HM-1597, HL-2207-X, HL-2115-X, HL-2193-X. Other applicable commercially available PSAs include those available from Century Adhesives Corporation, Columbus. Ohio. Another applicable acrylic PSA contains a mixture of emulsion polymer particles with particles of a tackifying agent of the disperse system, as described generally in Example 2 of US Pat. No. 6,306,982. The polymer is prepared by emulsion polymerization of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, dioctyl maleate, and acrylic and methacrylic comonomers as described in US patent 5164444, resulting in a particle size of latex of about 0.2 microns in weight average diameters and a gel content of about 60%.

A commercial example of a hot-melt adhesive is H2187-01 sold by Ato Findley, Inc., Wauwatusa, pc. Wisconsin. In addition, the rubber-based PSA block copolymers described in US Pat.

In another embodiment, the pressure-sensitive adhesive comprises rubber-based elastomeric materials, the available applicable rubber-based elastomeric materials include linear, branched, grafted or radial block copolymers represented by a two-block structure A - B, three-block A - B-- A pair or radial structures (A - B) _n, and combinations thereof, where A represents a hard thermoplastic phase or block which is nekauchukovym or glassy or crystalline at room evap D, but flowable at elevated temperatures, and B represents a flexible block which is a rubber or elastomeric or at operating room temperature. These thermoplastic elastomers can contain from about 75 wt.% To about 95 wt.% Based on the weight of the rubber segments and from about 5 wt.% To about 25 wt.% Based on the weight of non-rubber segments.

Non-rubber segments or rigid blocks contain polymers of mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and more particularly vinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, which may be monocyclic or bicyclic in nature. Rubber materials such as polyisoprene, polybutadiene and styrene-butadiene rubbers can be used to form a rubber block or segment. Particularly suitable rubber segments include polydienes and saturated olefin rubbers based on ethylene / butylene or ethylene / propylene copolymers. The latter rubbers can be obtained from the corresponding unsaturated polyalkylene units, such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene, by hydrogenation thereof.

The block copolymers of vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons and conjugated dienes that can be used include any of those that exhibit elastomeric properties. Block copolymers can be two-block, three-block, multiblock, star-shaped, multiblock or grafted copolymers. Throughout this description of the invention, the terms “two-block”, “three-block”, “multiblock”, “multiblock” and “grafted” or “grafted block with respect to the structural features of block copolymers” should have their normal meaning, as described in the literature, for example, in the encyclopedia Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol. 2, (1985) John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 325-326 and JEMc Grath Block Copolymers, Science Technology, Dale J. Meier, Ed., Harwood Academic Publishers, 1979, pp. 1-5.

Such block copolymers may contain various ratios of conjugated dienes and vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons, including hydrocarbons containing up to about 40 wt.% Based on the weight of vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons. Accordingly, multiblock copolymers that are linear or radial, symmetric or asymmetric and which are characterized by structures represented by the formulas A - B, A - B - A, A - B - A - B, B-- can be used. A - B, (AB) _{0,1,2. . .} VA and the like, where A is a polymer block of a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon or a conjugated diene / vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon in the form of a wedge-shaped copolymer block, and B is a rubber polymer block of a conjugated diene.

Block copolymers can be obtained by any well-known block polymerization or copolymerization methods, including sequential addition of monomer, adding monomer in portions, or by crosslinking methods, as shown, for example, in patents US 3251905, 3390207, 3598887 and 4219627. As is well known, wedge-shaped copolymer blocks can be incorporated into multiblock copolymers by copolymerizing a mixture of monomers of conjugated dienes and vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons using the difference in their copolymerization constants. Various patents describe the preparation of multiblock copolymers containing wedge-shaped copolymer blocks, including US patents 3251905, 3639521 and 4208356.

Conjugated dienes that can be used to produce polymers and copolymers are those that contain from 4 to about 10 carbon atoms and more generally from 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples include 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene), 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, chloroprene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene and the like. . Mixtures of these conjugated dienes may also be used.

Examples of vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons that can be used to prepare copolymers include styrene and various substituted styrenes such as ortho-methyl styrene, para-methyl styrene, para-tert-butyl styrene, 1,3-dimethyl styrene, alpha-methyl styrene, beta-methyl styrene, para- isopropyl styrene, 2,3-dimethyl styrene, ortho-chlorostyrene, para-chlorostyrene, ortho-bromostyrene, 2-chloro-4-methylstyrene and the like.

Many of the copolymers of conjugated dienes and vinyl aromatic compounds described above are commercially available. The number average molecular weight of the block copolymers, before hydrogenation, is from about 20,000 to about 500,000, or from about 40,000 to about 300,000.

The average molecular weights of the individual blocks in the copolymers can vary at certain intervals. In most cases, the vinyl aromatic block will have a number average molecular weight of about 2000 to about 125000, or about 4000 to 60,000. Conjugated diene blocks, either before or after hydrogenation, will have a number average molecular weight of about 10,000 to about 450,000, or about 35,000. up to 150,000.

Also, prior to hydrogenation, the vinyl content of the conjugated diene portion is usually from about 10% to about 80%, or from about 25% to about 65%, in particular 35% -55%, when it is desired that the modified block copolymer exhibit rubber elasticity . The vinyl content of the block copolymer can be determined by nuclear magnetic resonance.

Specific examples of two-block copolymers include styrene-butadiene (SB), styrene-isoprene (SI) and their hydrogenated derivatives. Examples of triblock copolymers include styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), alpha-methylstyrene-butadiene-alpha-methylstyrene and alpha-methylstyrene-isoprene-alpha-methylstyrene. Examples of commercially available block copolymers useful as adhesives in the present invention include those available from Kraton Polymers LLC under the brand name KRATON.

After hydrogenation of SBS copolymers containing a rubber segment of a mixture of 1,4- and 1,2-isomers, a styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) block copolymer is obtained. Similarly, hydrogenation of the SIS polymer yields a styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEPS) block copolymer.

Selective hydrogenation of block copolymers can be accomplished using a variety of well-known processes, including hydrogenation in the presence of catalysts such as Raney nickel, noble metals such as platinum, palladium and the like, and soluble transition metal catalysts. Suitable hydrogenation processes may be used in which the diene-containing polymer or copolymer is dissolved in an inert hydrocarbon solvent such as cyclohexane and hydrogenated by reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a soluble hydrogenation catalyst. Such techniques are described in US Pat. Nos. 3,113,986 and 4,226,952. As a result of such hydrogenation of block copolymers, which is carried out in an appropriate manner and to a certain extent in order to obtain selectively hydrogenated copolymers, hydrogenated copolymers are obtained having a residual unsaturated moiety in the polydiene block of about 0.5% up to about 20% of their initial content of unsaturated fragments before hydrogenation.

In one embodiment, the proportion of saturated moieties in the conjugated diene block copolymer is at least 90% and in most cases at least 95%, while vinyl aromatic polymers are slightly hydrogenated. Particularly useful block copolymers are hydrogenated products of styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers such as styrene- (ethylene / propylene) -styrene block copolymer. When hydrogenating a polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene block copolymer, it is desirable that the ratio of 1,2-polybutadiene to 1,4-polybutadiene in the polymer is from about 30:70 to about 70:30. When hydrogenating such a block copolymer, the resulting product resembles a regular block copolymer of ethylene and 1-butene (EB). As noted above, when using isoprene as a conjugated diene, the resulting hydrogenated product resembles a regular copolymer of ethylene and propylene (EB).

A number of selectively hydrogenated block copolymers are commercially available from Kraton Polymers under the general trade name "Kraton G". One example is Kraton G1652, which is a hydrogenated three-block SBS containing about 30 wt.% Based on the weight of styrene end blocks and the average block copolymer of ethylene and 1-butene (EB). A low molecular weight version of G1652 is available under the name Kraton G1650. Kraton G1651 is another SEBS block copolymer that contains about 33 wt.% Based on the weight of styrene. Kraton G1657 is a two-block copolymer of SEBS, which contains about 13 wt.% Based on the weight of styrene. This styrene content is lower than the styrene content in Kraton G1650 and Kraton G1652.

In another embodiment, a selectively hydrogenated block copolymer is characterized by the formula B _n (AB) _o A _p , where n = 0 or 1, o is from 1 to 100, p is 0 or 1, with each block B being predominantly polymerized prior to hydrogenation a conjugated diene hydrocarbon block having a number average molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 450,000, and each block A is a predominantly polymerized vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon block having a number average molecular weight of from about 2000 to about 115,000, wherein blocks A comprise from about 5 to about 95 wt.% based on the weight of the copolymer, and the degree of unsaturation of blocks B is less than about 10% of the initial level of unsaturation. In other embodiments, the unsaturation of block B decreases after hydrogenation to less than 5% of its initial value, and the total degree of unsaturation of the hydrogenated block copolymer decreases to less than 20% of its initial value.

Block copolymers may also include polymers with functional groups, such as polymers that can be prepared by reacting an alpha, beta-olefin-unsaturated monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid reagent with selectively hydrogenated block copolymers of vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons and conjugated dienes, as described above . The reaction of the carboxylic acid reagent in a grafted block copolymer can be carried out in solutions or by melting in the presence of a free radical initiator.

The preparation of various selectively hydrogenated conjugated diene and vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon block copolymers grafted with a carboxylic acid reagent is described in a variety of patents, including US Pat. vinyl aromatic compounds and the preparation of such compounds. US 4,795,782 describes and gives examples of the preparation of grafted block copolymers using a dissolution process and a melting process. US 4,578,429 contains an example of grafting onto a Kraton G1652 polymer (SEBS) with maleic anhydride and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane by a melting reaction in a twin screw extruder.

Examples of commercially available maleated, selectively hydrogenated styrene butadiene copolymers include Kraton FG1901X, FG1921X, and FG1924X, which in most cases are called maleated selectively hydrogenated copolymers of SEBS. FG1901X contains about 1.7 wt.% Based on the weight of bound functional groups, such as succinic anhydride, and about 28 wt.% Based on the weight of styrene. FG1921X contains about 1 wt.% Based on the weight of bound functional groups, such as succinic anhydride, and 29 wt.% Based on the weight of styrene. FG1924X contains about 13% styrene and about 1% related functional groups such as succinic anhydride.

Suitable block copolymers are also available from Nippon Zeon Co, 2-1, Marunochi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan. For example, Quintac 3530 is available from Nippon Zeon and is intended to be a linear styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer.

Unsaturated elastomeric polymers and other polymers and copolymers that are not inherently sticky can be made sticky when combined with an external tackifying agent. The tackifying agents are typically hydrocarbon resins, wood resins, rosins, rosin derivatives and the like, which when present in concentrations ranging from about 40 to about 90 wt.% Based on the weight of the total adhesive composition, or from about 45 to about 85 wt.% Based on the mass, transmit the characteristics of pressure-sensitive adhesive to the composition of the elastomeric polymer adhesive. Compositions containing less than about 40 wt.% Based on the weight of the tackifying agent additive usually do not show sufficient “fast adhesion” or initial adhesion to work as a pressure sensitive adhesive, and therefore are not inherently sticky. Compositions with too high a concentration of tackifying additive, on the other hand, usually show too little adhesion to work properly in most intended applications using structures made in accordance with the present invention.

It is contemplated that any tackifying agent known to those skilled in the art to be mixed with elastomeric polymer compositions can be used with the present embodiment. One such tackifier found to be applicable is Wingtak 10, a synthetic polyterpin resin that is liquid at room temperature and sold by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio. Wingtak 95 is a synthetic tackifier resin also available from Goodyear, which contains primarily a polymer derived from piperylene and isoprene. Other suitable tackifiers may include Escorez 1310, a hydrocarbon aliphatic resin, and Escorez 2596, a C ₅ -C ₉ (aromatically modified aliphatic) resin, both manufactured by Exxon, Irving, Texas. Of course, as can be understood by those skilled in the art, many different tackifiers can be used to carry out the present invention.

In addition to tackifying agents, other additives may be included in the PSA to convey the desired properties. For example, plasticizers may be included, and they are known to reduce the glass transition temperature of an adhesive composition containing elastomeric polymers. An example of a suitable plasticizer is Shellflex 371, a naphthenic process oil available from Shell Lubricants, Texas. Antioxidants may also be included in adhesive compositions. Suitable antioxidants include Irgafos 168 and Irganox 565, available from Ciba-Geigy, Hawthorne, NY. Abrasive agents such as waxes and surfactants can also be included in adhesives.

The pressure sensitive adhesive may be applied from a solvent, emulsion or suspension, or as a hot-melt adhesive. The adhesive can be applied to the inner surface of the shrink film using any known method. For example, the adhesive may be applied by a coating matrix using watering, spraying, dipping, rolling, engraving, or flexographic techniques. The adhesive may be applied to the shrink film in a continuous layer, interrupted layer or with distribution. The adhesive layer applied with the distribution essentially covers the entire inner surface of the film. As used herein, “substantially coat” is intended to mean continuous distribution over the surface of the film and is not intended to include adhesive applied only by a strip along the front or rear edges of the film or as a “spot weld” on the film.

In one embodiment, an adhesive absorber is applied to areas of the adhesive layer to allow easier label adherence to complex shaped objects. In one embodiment, a non-adhesive material, such as dots or ink beads, is applied to at least a portion of the adhesive surface to allow the adhesive layer to slip on the surface of the item when the label is applied, and / or to allow air trapped in the interface between label and subject.

A single adhesive layer may be used, or a plurality of adhesive layers may be used. Depending on the shrink film used and the item or container on which the label is to be applied, it may be desirable to use a first adhesive layer adjacent to the shrink film and a second adhesive layer having a different composition on the surface to be applied to the item or container, for sufficient tack, peel strength and shear strength.

In one embodiment, the pressure-sensitive adhesive has sufficient shear or adhesion strength to prevent excessive re-shrinkage of the label, where it is adhered to the subject under the influence of heat after placing the label on the subject, sufficient peel strength to prevent the film from lifting the label from the subject, and sufficient stickiness or curability to enable appropriate label attachment to the subject during labeling operations. In one embodiment, the adhesive moves with the label when the shrink film shrinks when heat is applied. In another embodiment, the adhesive holds the label in place so that when the shrink film shrinks, the label does not move.

The heat-shrinkable film may include other layers besides a single-layer or multilayer heat-shrinkable polymer film. In one embodiment, a metallized coating of a thin metal film is applied to the surface of the polymer film. The heat shrinkable film may also include a printed layer on a polymer film. The print layer may be located between the heat-shrink layer and the adhesive layer, or the print layer may be located on the outer surface of the shrink layer. In one embodiment, the film is printed on the reverse side with a pattern, image or text so that the print side of the outer layer is in direct contact with the container on which the film is applied. In this embodiment, the film is transparent.

The labels of the present invention may also contain a layer of ink-sensitive composition, which improves the printability of the polymer shrink layer or metal layer, if any, and the quality of the printing layer thus obtained. Many such compositions are known in the art, and these compositions typically include a binder and a pigment, for example silica or talc, dispersed in the binder. The presence of pigment reduces the drying time of some paints. Such ink-sensitive compositions are described in US Pat. No. 6,153,288.

The printing layer may be a colorful or graphic layer, and the printing layer may be a single or multi-color printing layer, depending on the message being printed and / or the intended graphic pattern. This includes various printed data, such as serial numbers, barcodes, trademarks, etc. The thickness of the print layer typically ranges from about 0.5 to about 10 microns, and in one embodiment, from about 1 to about 5 microns, and in another embodiment, about 3 microns. Inks used in the printing layer include commercially available solvent-based water-based inks or curable by radiation. Examples of these inks include Sun Sheen (a Sun Chemical product designated as an alcohol-dilutable polyamide ink), Suntex MP (a Sun Chemical product designated as a solvent based ink formulated for embossing acrylic polymer coated substrates, PVDC coated substrates and polyolefin films), X-Cel (Water Ink Technologies product designated as water-based film ink for printing film substrates), Uvilith AR-109 Rubine Red (Daw Ink product designated as UV ink) and CLA91598F (Sun Chemical product identified as black ink based on races Creator with many connections).

In one embodiment, the printing layer comprises polyester / vinyl ink, polyamide ink, acrylic ink and / or polyester ink. The printing layer can be made in the traditional manner, for example, by deep, flexographic, or UV flexographic printing or the like, from a paint composition containing a resin of the type described above, a suitable pigment or dye, and one or more suitable volatile solvents on one or more desired sections of the film. After applying the ink composition, the component (s) of the volatile solvent of the ink composition evaporates (s), leaving only non-volatile ink components to form a print layer.

The adhesion of the paint to the surface of the polymer shrink film or metal layer, if any, can be improved, if necessary, by technologies well known to those skilled in the art. For example, as mentioned above, a primer for a paint or other activator of adhesion of the paint can be applied to a metal layer or a layer of a polymer film before applying the paint. Alternatively, the surface of the polymer film can be corona treated or flame treated to improve the adhesion of the ink to the polymer film layer.

Applicable primers for paint can be transparent or opaque, and primers can be solvent based or water based. In one embodiment, primers are curable upon exposure to radiation (e.g., UV). The paint primer may contain varnish and thinner. The varnish can be composed of one or more polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, polyester copolymers, polyurethanes, polysulfones, polyvinylidine chlorides, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, ionomers based on sodium or zinc salts, ethylene-methylene methylene polymers, polymers copolymers, polycarbonates, polyacrylonitriles, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and mixtures thereof of two or more. Examples of diluents that can be used include alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol and butanol; esters such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate and butyl acetate; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as heptane, and mixtures thereof. The ratio of varnish to diluent depends on the viscosity required to apply the primer for the paint, and the choice of such viscosity is within the competence of a person skilled in the art. The primer layer for the paint may have a thickness of from about 1 to about 4 microns, or from about 1.5 to about 3 microns.

A transparent polymer protective topcoat or overcoat may be present on labels affixed to the invention. A protective topsheet or overcoat provides the desired properties for the label before and after attaching the label to a substrate, such as a container. The presence of a transparent topcoat layer on the printed layer may in some embodiments provide additional properties such as antistatic properties, stiffness and / or weather resistance, and the top cover can protect the printed layer from, for example, weather, sun, abrasion, moisture water etc. The transparency layer of the top cover can improve the properties of the underlying print layer to provide a smoother and brighter pattern. The protective transparent protective layer can also be made in such a way as to be resistant to abrasion, resistant to radiation (e.g., UV), chemically resistant, heat resistant, thereby protecting the label and, in particular, the printed layer from degradation in such cases. The protective topsheet may also contain antistatic agents or anti-blocking agents to provide easier handling when labels are applied to containers at high speeds. The protective layer can be applied to the printed layer using technologies known to specialists in this field of technology. A polymer film can be obtained by precipitation from a solution, deposited in the form of a pre-formed film (laminated to a printing layer), etc.

When a transparent topcoat or covering layer is present, it may have a single layer or multi-layer structure. The thickness of the protective layer is usually in the range from about 12.5 to about 125 microns, and in one embodiment, from about 25 to about 75 microns. Examples of topcoat layers are described in US Pat. No. 6,106,982.

The protective layer may contain polyolefins, thermoplastic polymers of ethylene and propylene, polyesters, polyurethanes, polyacryls, polymethacryls, epoxy resins, vinyl acetate homopolymers, co- or terpolymers, ionomers and mixtures thereof.

The transparent protective layer may contain UV absorbers and / or other light stabilizers. Among the UV absorbents that are applicable, there are inhibited amine absorbents available from Ciba Specialty Chemical under the trade names "Tinuvin". Light stabilizers that may be used include inhibited amine light stabilizers available from Ciba Specialty Chemical under the trade names Tinuvin 111, Tinuvin 123, (bis- (1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacinate; Tinuvin 622, (succinic acid dimethyl ester polymer with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine ethanol); Tinuvin 770 (bis- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) -sebacinate) and Tinuvin 783. Additional light stabilizers include inhibited amine light stabilizers available from Ciba Specialty Chemical under the trade name "Chemassorb" especially Chemassorb 119 and Chemassorb 944. The concentration of UV absorbent and / or light stabilizer is in the range of up to about 2.5% by weight, and in one embodiment, from about 0.05% to about 1% .% based on the mass.

The transparent protective layer may contain an antioxidant. Any antioxidant useful in the formation of thermoplastic films may be used. They include inhibited phenols and organophosphites. Examples include those available from Ciba Specialty Chemical under the trade names Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076 or Irgafos 168. The concentration of antioxidant in the composition of the thermoplastic film may be in the range of up to about 2.5 wt.% Based on the weight, and in another embodiment implementation - from about 0.05 to about 1 wt.% based on the weight.

The release liner may be glued to the adhesive layer to protect the adhesive layer during movement, storage and handling before applying the label to the substrate. The gasket provides the ability to effectively handle many individual labels after the labels are cut out and the matrix is separated from the face layer and up to the point where the individual labels are fed in sequence to the labeling line. The release liner may have a surface with a printed image and / or have non-adhesive material, such as microspheres or dots of printed ink, deposited on the surface of the gasket.

Flexible labeling process

The present invention provides a unique process in which a label is selectively and simultaneously heated, shrunk, and applied to a target surface and, preferably, to a complex curved surface of a container. The flexible member of the preferred embodiment is in contact with the label located between the flexible member and the surface for receiving the label. The domed surface of the flexible member ensures that contact between the label and the flexible member first occurs in the central region of the label, provided that the label and the flexible member are properly aligned. A flexible member is pressed against a label that is in contact with the target surface. As explained in more detail here, in the preferred method, until the contact between the label and the flexible element, the label is partially in contact with and glued to the target surface at least on the Central part or region of the label. When the flexible element is pressed against the label, further contact occurs between the flexible element and the label, which, in turn, causes an increase in the area of contact between the label and the target surface. The contact areas between (i) the flexible element and the label, and (ii) the label and the target surface increase as the label is applied and typically increase outward from the center of the label and / or the portion of the label on which the domed surface of the flexible element first contacts. Large area sizes of the flexible member come into contact with the label when the flexible member is further pressed onto the label. As will be understood and described in more detail here, the flexible element is deformed and takes the form of the surface of the container on which the label is applied. As a result, the label is properly applied to the container. This feature in conjunction with the way in which increasing contact occurs, i.e. gradually outward from the central portion, is assumed to be an essential parameter in the resulting defect-free labeling.

In addition, in accordance with another aspect of the present invention, this principle is carried out using a heated flexible element. This makes it possible to simultaneously apply heat during gradual outward labeling. For applications in which the label includes a heat-shrinkable material, such as a pressure-sensitive heat-shrinkable label, the method is preferably performed in such a way that the label is heated and shrinks to the extent immediately before contact and adhesion to a curved surface, so that the area of the label corresponds to the surface area at the time of placement and contact with this area of the label. Any air trapped on the interaction area of the label and the target surface is forced to move outward toward the edge of the label due to the gradual external contact of the flexible element. This process continues until the outer edges of the label touch and adhere to the target surface.

During labeling of the container, the flexible member is in contact with the label and container. The amount of force exerted on the label by the flexible member is referred to herein as the force of contact with the label. Typically, this amount of force depends on the characteristics of the label, capacity, and adhesive. However, it is typically preferred that the label contact pressure is at least about 690 N / m ² to about 6900 N / m ² . However, it should be understood that the present invention includes the use of labeling efforts greater than or less than these values.

In accordance with the present invention, labels are applied using the principle of "from the center - out." Thus, the contact between the flexible element and the label also occurs in the process from the center - out. The expression "from the center - out" refers to the order or sequence by which areas or sections of the label are applied or in contact. First, one or more central regions of the label are in contact. Then, when this contact is maintained, one or more additional regions of the label located outward from the center or central region of the label are then touched. This process continues in such a way that after touching and gluing the areas of the label located outside the central areas, this contact is supported and one or more additional areas of the label located further outside from the previously marked areas are then touched. This process continues until the edge regions of the label come into contact and adhere to the container. Using this technology provides, or at least substantially reduces, the occurrence of air bubbles becoming trapped under the label or between the label and the container.

The present invention includes the use of a wide range of cycle times. For example, in mass production operation mode, the total time intervals for one cycle of displacement of the flexible element and the label / container to each other, touching, gluing of the label to the container and then the displacement of the flexible element and the label / container from each other are from about 0.5 to about 2.0 seconds, with about 0.9 seconds being preferred. The present invention includes cycle times greater than or less than these values.

A particularly preferred aspect of the process that can be used is referred to herein as a “double exposure” operation. For certain labeling operations, it is desirable to apply labels that extend laterally around the container, or at least partially in this way. For example, for a pair of labels that each extends or approaches 180 ° wrapping around the periphery of the container, it is often difficult to achieve contact between the flexible member and the outer peripheral regions of each label. Using the principle of double exposure, greater contact can occur between the first flexible element and its label on one side of the container and the second flexible element and its corresponding label on the other side of the container. The double exposure operation uses a combination of a specific travel delay and / or stroke length of one flexible member relative to the combination of its opposite flexible member.

Typically, in this particular principle for applying labels to oppositely directed faces of the container, a first label processing device having a flexible member as described herein is in contact with the label on the first face of the container by offsetting or moving the element a distance of the first stroke to the container. A second device for processing labels having a flexible element and essentially located on the opposite side of the container, also preferably at the same time, is in contact with the label on the second side of the container. The second face is essentially the opposite of the first face. The flexible element of the second device for processing labels is gradually in contact with the second label by displacing or moving this element at a distance of the second stroke to the container. It is preferred that the lengths of the first and second strokes differ from each other. For the present description, the length of the first stroke is greater than the length of the second stroke. After a gradual contact from the first and second flexible elements, the elements are removed from contact with the container. The process is then repeated except that the stroke length of the second label processing device is greater than the length of the first label processing device. Preferably, the stroke length of the second label processing device in this second part of the double exposure operation is equal to the stroke length of the first label processing device in the first part of the operation.

More specifically, in a preferred double acting operation, the first flexible member on one side of the container moves toward the container, typically in the transverse direction relative to the direction of the conveyor on which the container is located. Simultaneously with the movement of the first flexible element, the second flexible element on the opposite side of the container also moves towards the container and also in the transverse direction. However, the stroke or distance of movement of the first flexible element is greater than the stroke or distance of the opposite second flexible element. This makes it possible to more fully wrap the first flexible element in motion during a longer stroke around the container and the first label, since the second element does not block or otherwise impede the wrapping of the first flexible element along the outer regions of the container. After completion or full stroke of the first flexible member, both flexible members are then retracted. After retraction, the first and second flexible elements are then again positioned towards the container. However, the second flexible element is fully extended and pressed against the container and the second label, while the first flexible element undergoes a shorter stroke. After completion of the contact between the second label and the second flexible element, the first and second flexible elements are retracted.

Figure 1 shows a characteristic tank 10 having one or more regions that include curved outer surfaces and, in particular, one or more complex curved surfaces. The container 10 defines an outer surface 12 that includes at least one complex curved region 16. The complex curved region 16 typically extends within or along areas where adjacent faces of the container 10 intersect or are connected to each other. Typically, one or more planar or substantially planar regions 14 are also included in the outer surface 12 of the container 10. It should be understood that the container may include a small number of planar regions or may not include planar regions, for example, in the case of a spherical container.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show the characteristic container 10 shown in FIG. 1 with a label 20 applied to the outer surface 12 and to at least a portion of the complex curved region 16 of the container 10. Label 20 essentially defines the central region 22 and the outer edge 26 extending around the outer periphery of the label 20. Label 20 also defines one or more outer (their) peripheral (s) region (s) 24 extending (them) between the center region 22 of the label and edge 26. Figure 2 shows a preferred application labels 20, in which the label has no seams or other defects. Figure 3 shows an undesirable result and what typically takes place after applying a label to a complex curved region of the container. The label in the undesired applied state shown in FIG. 3 is designated as 20 '. Label 20 'is typically characterized by one or more seams, wrinkles, or other defects, collectively designated 21. Seams 21 typically occur in regions of the label that cover complex curved regions 16 of container 10. Typically, seams 21 and / or other defects occur in the outer ( their) area (s) 24 labels 20. It should be understood that it is desirable capacity 10 and label 20, as applied and shown in figure 2. In this case, the condition of the label 20 ', containing numerous seams 21 or other defects shown in figure 3, is undesirable.

4-6 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of the flexible member 30 in accordance with the present invention. The flexible member 30 preferably comprises a base 32, a domed region 36 and one or more side walls 34 extending between the base 32 and the domed region 36. The element 30 defines an outer surface 46 and an inner surface 48. The inner surface 48 forms an inner hollow region in the flexible element 30 The inner hollow region is accessible from the rear side of the flexible member and is described in more detail here. The flexible member 30 may also be described in terms of various areas. The domed region 36 preferably has a protruding outward or convex contour and defines the outermost portion 40, i.e. a portion on the outer surface 46 of the flexible member 30, which is farthest from the base 32 or the plane in which the base 32 is located. The farthest portion 40 is located in the central region 38 defined on the domed region 36, and preferably in the middle or center of the domed region 36 Between the central region 38 on the domed region 36 and the side walls 34, one or more external (s) region (s) 42 of the domed region 36 extend (iat). It should be understood that the invention includes a large number of gy bky elements having various forms and designs. In a preferred aspect, many of the flexible members use rounded or arched edges and corners.

Figures 7-10 show a preferred assembly of the previously described flexible member 30 held, supported and mounted by the frame 50 and the housing 90. Figure 7 shows an assembly only partially assembled so as to open the ventilation plate 80, typically located at the back of the flexible member 30. As generally shown in FIG. 7, the frame 50 defines a rearwardly directed first face 52, a second oppositely directed, i.e. the second face 54 directed forward, the outer edge 56 extending along the outer periphery of the frame 50 and between the faces 52 and 54, and the inner edge 58. The inner edge 58 defines an opening 60, which preferably has a size and shape to accommodate the flexible element 30. In the shown embodiment the implementation of the hole 60 is rectangular with rounded or arched corners. This shape corresponds to the shape of the side walls 34 of the flexible member 30. It should be understood that the present invention includes almost any shape for the hole 60. Preferably, the frame 50 is flat or relatively planar. The flexible member 30 is inserted through an opening 60 formed in the frame 50. Preferably, the base 32 (not shown in FIG. 7) of the flexible member 30 is in contact with and placed directly adjacent to the first face 52 of the frame 50. The side walls 34 and the domed area 36 of the flexible element 30 pass through the hole 60 and out beyond the second face 54 of the frame 50.

7 also shows one or more guide elements 62, which are preferably provided in conjunction with the frame 50. One or more guide elements 62 are preferably attached or otherwise formed with the frame 50 and preferably protrude from the second face 54 of the frame 50. The guide elements 62 in substantially define a distal edge 64, an inner wall 66 (see FIG. 8), and an oppositely directed outer wall 68. In certain applications, the guide elements 62 are preferably located adjacent to an opening 60 formed in e 50. In the embodiment depicted, for example, in FIGS. 7-8, two guide elements 62 are used located on opposite sides of the hole 60 formed in the frame 50. However, it should be understood that in many other applications, the guide elements may be located anywhere else. For example, the guiding elements may be positioned so as to distort the flexible element into a shape other than its natural or default shape. While the guide elements 62 are preferably oriented parallel to each other and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hole 60 with a semi-rectangular shape. 7 also shows that the guiding elements 62 protrude at an equal distance from the second face 54 of the frame 50 and can protrude from about 10% to about 100% of the distance that the flexible element 30 protrudes from the second face 54. For many applications, it is preferable that the guide members 62 extend over a distance as measured from the second face 54 of the frame, which is from about 25% to about 75% of the distance measured between the second face 54 and the outermost portion 40 of the flexible member 30.

Referring next to FIGS. 7-10, the assembly also includes a housing 90. Preferably, the housing 90 is a frame or other structure for mounting and holding various elements. In general, the housing 90 includes one or more walls 92 and a rear wall 94. The walls 92 may include an upper wall, a lower wall, and opposite side walls. One or more channels 96 and mounting means 98 may be provided, preferably on the rear of the housing. These aspects are described in more detail in conjunction with FIGS. 9 and 10.

As previously noted, FIG. 7 also shows a ventilation plate 80 used in a preferred assembly. The ventilation plate 80 defines one or more ventilation apertures 82, as shown in FIG. 8, passing through the plate 80 to allow fluid, such as air, to enter and exit the interior hollow region of the flexible member 30. As shown in FIG. 7 , the ventilation plate 80 is preferably located between the frame 50 and the housing 90.

FIG. 8 shows the assembly of FIG. 7, fully assembled, with the flexible member 30 being shown in dashed lines, thereby revealing the inside of the flexible member 30. As noted, it is preferable to provide a heat source in the flexible member 30. Accordingly, the assembly 100 includes a heater 100, preferably located in the inner hollow region of the flexible member 30. As noted earlier, the heater may have many different shapes. For the present embodiment, the heater 100 is an electric powered resistive heater, for example a 480-volt 600-watt heater. Preferably, a reflector 102 or other protective shield is provided. The reflector 102 preferably extends between the heater 100 and the side walls 34 (not shown) of the flexible member 30. The reflector 102 may include a reflective surface to reflect infrared energy from the heater 100 away from the adjacent side wall 34 of the flexible member 30. One or more temperature sensors 104 can be placed inside the flexible member 30 to obtain information regarding heating conditions and temperature. FIG. 8 also shows a portion of the ventilation plate 80 and the ventilation passage opening 82 formed in the plate 80.

FIG. 8 also shows one or more optional passages 91, which may be provided in the housing 90, in the guiding elements 62, or both in the other or other elements. Passages 91 may be provided to allow air to circulate from the inside of the housing 90 to one or more areas, outside and on the outer surface of the flexible member 30. Optional passages 91 may serve to facilitate heating of the outer surface of the flexible member as a result of relatively hot air leaving the chassis 90 and directed towards or at least along the flexible member 30.

Figures 9 and 10 show additional elements and conditions for the preferred assembly of the flexible member 30, frame 50, and body 90. One or more channels 96 preferably extend from rear wall 94 of body 90 and serve to direct air or other fluid to the interior of the flexible member 30. Air, typically under pressure, is directed to an inlet 95 defined in the channel 96. Air flowing through the channel 96 enters the inner hollow region of the flexible member 30 through the ventilation passage 82.

The pre-heater 110 may be provided, for example, sequentially or otherwise in fluid communication with the channel 96. The heater 110 is used to heat air or other fluid entering the channel 96, so as to reduce the burden of heating, otherwise assigned to the heater 100 placed in the flexible member 30. It should be understood that the pre-heater 110 may include an integrated section or section of the channel. Although a large number of heating devices and principles can be used for pre-heater 110, the preferred heater is an electric-powered resistive heater, for example a 170-volt 1600-watt heater, available from Sylvania, Exeter, pc. New Hampshire.

With further reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, it is also preferable to provide one or more mounting means 98 on the housing, for example, on the rear wall 94 of the housing 90. The mounting means 98 provide a convenient and secure attachment of the housing 90 including the flexible member 30 to one or more supporting elements.

FIG. 10 is a section through a flexible member 30, a frame 50, a housing 90, and a channel 96, taken along line AA in FIG. 9. 10 shows a preferred design for heaters 100 and 110 and a channel 96 for conducting air into and out of the hollow interior of the flexible member 30 through one or more ventilation passage openings 82. It will be understood that one ventilation passage opening 82 may be used for providing communication between the inside of the flexible member 30 and the channel 96. Thus, the air entering the flexible member 30 is moved through the channel 96 and through the ventilation passage 82. The present invention also includes there is an airflow configuration in which air enters the flexible element 30 through the channel 96 and the ventilation passage 82 and leaves the flexible element through one or more other ventilation passage openings (not specifically indicated in FIG. 10) provided in the ventilation plate 80 and / or housing 90.

11 and 12 show another frame 150 of a preferred embodiment. Figure 11 shows the frame 150 in the assembled state with the flexible element 30, and figure 12 shows the frame 150 itself. The frame 150 defines the first face 152, the second opposite face 154, the outer edge 156 and the inner edge 158. The inner edge 158 defines an opening 160 having dimensions and a shape for engaging and accommodating the flexible member 30. The frame 150 includes two guide members 162 protruding from the second edge 154 of the frame 150. Each guide member 162 defines a remote edge 164, an inner wall 166, and an oppositely directed outer wall 168. Aux the preferred guide member 170 or the wing-shaped member is preferably located on a remote area of each guide member 162. The auxiliary guide member 170 preferably projects at an angle relative to its respective guide member 162. Each auxiliary guide member 170 defines an inner end 172 and an opposite outer end 174. Each auxiliary the guide member 170 is preferably detachably attached to the corresponding guide member 162 in this manner Because the position of the auxiliary guide member 170 can be selectively changed. Each auxiliary guide member 170 is preferably selectively set relative to its respective guide member 162 by using an adjustable fastener assembly 176. The fastener assembly 176 provides a secure attachment of the auxiliary guide member 170 to a remote portion of the corresponding guide member 162 and most preferably allows the relative position of the auxiliary guide member 170 to be changed. Can be used threaded fastener nt extending through a slot in an auxiliary guide member as shown. The auxiliary guide elements 170 serve to provide additional physical restrictions for the deformation of the flexible element 30. FIG. 11 shows the flexible element 30 in a deformed state and the side walls 34 of the element 30 in contact with the inner ends 172 of the auxiliary guide elements 170 to limit further outward deformation at the side the walls 34 of the flexible element 30.

13-18 schematically shows the application of a label to a container and, in particular, a container having one or more complex curvilinear region (s) 16 using the flexible member 30 in accordance with the present invention. Referring to FIGS. 13 and 14, a tank 10 is provided, previously described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-3. A label 120 is provided defining a central region 122, an outer edge 126, and an outer peripheral region 124 extending between the central region 122 and the edge 126. It will be understood that the thickness of the label 120 has been exaggerated to facilitate label display. Label 120 also defines the outer face 128 and the inner face 130. An effective amount of pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably located on the inner face 130 of the label 120. The label 120 includes heat-shrinkable material and, preferably, a material having balanced shrink properties, as described herein.

Preferably, the label 120 first contacts and is held in the region of the container 10. Preferably, the inner face 130 of the label within the central region 122 of the label is in contact with the flat region 14 of the container 10. Other regions of the label 120, such as the outer peripheral regions 124 that overlap the complex curved regions 16 tanks 10, do not touch it. The inner face 130 of the label 120 preferably contains a pressure sensitive adhesive, so that after said contact, the label 120 is maintained in contact with the container 10. It will be understood that the present invention includes a wide variety of technologies for applying labels, labels, containers and label materials. As noted earlier, the present invention can be applied to apply films and labels to surfaces other than those that include complex curves. For example, the present invention could be applied to apply a label to the surface of a container, which would be planar, would include only a simple curve or a combination of these geometric shapes.

On Fig-19 shows the gradual contact of the label 120 with the capacity 10. After the initial contact between the label 120 and the capacity of 10, the flexible element 30 and, in particular, the domed region 36 of the flexible element are brought into contact with the outer edge 128 of the label 120. This is shown in Fig.15. It should be understood that this contact can be accomplished by (i) moving the flexible member 30 towards the stationary container 10 and the label 120, (ii) by moving the container 10 and the label 120 towards the stationary flexible element 30 or (iii) by moving containers 10 and labels 120 and flexible member 30 in contact. The contact between the flexible member 30 and the label 120 preferably first occurs within the central region 38 and most preferably occurs within or including the farthest portion 40 defined on the domed region 36 of the flexible member 30. Regarding the label 120, contact with the flexible member 30 preferably first occurs within the central region 122 of the label 120.

The flexible member 30 is pressed against the container 10 and the label 120, as shown in FIGS. 16-19. Due to the flexible property of the element 30, the element 30 begins to deform and continues to deform, whereby it takes on the contour and / or shape of the container 120. The flexible element 30 is pressed against the container 10 and the label 120 (or the container and the label pressed against the flexible element) by applying a load or other efforts. As noted previously, the magnitude of the load is such that the pressure applied to the label is preferably from about 690 N / m ² to about 6900 N / m ² . The gradual contact between the flexible member 30 and the container 10 and the label 120 can be seen in the sequence of FIGS. 15-19. After touching to the extent shown in FIG. 19, the flexible member 30 and / or container 10 to which the label 120 is fully adhered is detached from each other. The result is that the label is properly applied to the container.

Throughout the entire process depicted by the sequence of FIGS. 14-19, the flexible member 30 is preferably heated. As explained previously, the heating preferably occurs in such a way that the outer regions 42 (see FIG. 4) of the dome-shaped region 36 of the flexible member are preferably heated compared to the central region 38 of the dome-shaped region 36. This practice only contributes to heating the outer peripheral regions 124 of the label 120. Typically, label regions that come into contact with complex curved surfaces of the container are outer peripheral regions of the label 124. In accordance with the present invention, parameters, such as the amount of heat, the heating rate, the rate of increase in contact between the flexible member and the container / label, and the force to apply the label, are adjusted so that the outer peripheral regions of the label are heated and shrink to an appropriate degree so that after The label does not have seams, folds or other defects in contact with the complex curved surface of the container. In this case, after contact between the label and the container, the adhesive bond prevents further movement of the label portion in contact with the container.

20 is a perspective view illustrating contact between the flexible member 30 and the container 10, showing a typical degree of deformation of the flexible member 30. In this illustration, the container 10 is transparent, thereby opening the label 120 adhered to it. The purpose of the guide member 162 and the auxiliary guide member 170 is clearly shown. The outward lateral deformation of the flexible member 30, for example in the direction of arrow B, is prevented by the presence of the guide member 162 and the auxiliary guide member 170. Contact occurs between the side wall region 34 of the flexible member 30 and the guide members 162 and 170.

21 shows an assembly 200 of a plurality of flexible elements, each supported and housed in an appropriate frame and housing, as previously described and collectively referred to as labeling device 210. Specifically, assembly 200 includes a first row 220 of labeling devices 210 and a second row 230 of labeling devices 210. The two rows 220 and 230 are preferably aligned opposite to each other and separated by a conveyor 240 or other system for conveying the product. Assembly 200 is shown as being made for applying labels to opposite sides of a container (not shown) and, in particular, to six (6) containers at the same time. In accordance with this aspect of the present invention, a plurality of containers (not shown) equally spaced from each other are located on the moving conveyor 240. The conveyor 240 moves the containers in the direction of arrow C. Each row 220, 230 of labeling devices 210 is selectively installed in the X directions and Y, as shown in FIG. Moving i.e. the direction and speed of each row 220, 230 is coordinated to correspond to a row of six adjacent containers moving on conveyor 240. A typical cycle is described below. Each of the rows 220, 230 is retracted by moving in the directions X ₁ and Y ₁ . When a row of target containers (six in number, each preferably carrying a partially contacting label, as shown in FIG. 13) moves along rows 220, 230, the rows then move in the X ₂ direction. The speed of each row 220, 230 in the X ₂ direction corresponds to the speed of the target containers moving on the conveyor 240. Simultaneously with the movement in the X ₂ direction, each row 220, 230 moves in the Y ₂ direction to the target tanks on the conveyor 240. The movement of each row 220, 230 continues until contact occurs between each flexible member 30 and the corresponding label. Each label is applied to its respective container, as previously described in conjunction with FIGS. 14-19. When labels are applied, a group of rows 220, 230, and six target containers moves in the direction of arrows C and X ₂ . After applying the label, each row 220, 230 is retracted by moving it in the direction of the arrow Y ₁ . When the rows 220, 230 are retracted in the Y ₁ direction, the beam is still moving in the X ₂ direction. The beam begins to move in the direction of X _{1 in} order to prepare for the next row of target tanks not earlier than after the heads are completely retracted in the direction of Y ₁ .

Moving rows 220, 230 can be performed using many different technologies and nodes. In one approach, each of the rows is located on a movable carriage, which may be selectively located on a linear guide by means of one or more electric-powered servomotors. It is also contemplated that one or more cam assemblies may be used to transmit the desired motion to each of the rows 220, 230.

Although the above description is intended for labeling six (6) containers at the same time, it should be understood that the present invention can be adapted to apply labels to almost any number of containers at the same time, referred to herein as “n”. Preferably, n typically ranges from about 1 to about 20, and more preferably from about 4 to about 10. It should be understood that the present invention is in no way limited to these configurations. Instead, the invention can be applied for synchronous application, or almost so, of labels on rows of containers in an amount greater than 20. Moreover, although the assembly depicted in FIG. 21 is intended for labeling two opposite sides of the container, the invention includes configurations in which only one label is applied to the container or three or more labels are simultaneously applied to the container.

FIG. 22 is a planar plan view of a preheating station 300 that can be used in combination with assembly 200 shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 22, a conveyor 240 is shown moving multiple containers 310. Each container 310 carries a label on each of its two main faces. Each label is partially in contact and glued to the corresponding face of the container in such a way as shown in Fig. 14. A group of containers 310 moves along a group of heaters, for example, a first heater 320 for heating labels on a first side of containers 310 and a second heater 330 for heating labels on a second side of containers 310. As noted previously, a wide variety of types of heaters, heating capacities, and configurations can be used. However, it is preferred that the heaters 320 and 330 are in the form of infrared heaters. Labels exiting this preheating station typically have temperatures of about 38 ° C. However, it should be understood that the specific temperature to which the labels are heated depends on numerous parameters, including, for example, the temperature at which the labels shrink.

Referring to FIG. 23, containers 310 and labels exiting the preheating station 300 of FIG. 22 are included in assembly 200 as previously described in conjunction with FIG. Vessels having fully affixed labels are designated as 310 'containers. It should be understood that while moving through assembly 200, containers and their respective labels undergo the operations depicted in FIGS. 15-19.

24 is a schematic front view of a preferred embodiment of a flexible member 430 comprising a base 432, a domed region 436, and one or more side walls 434. As shown, the flexible member 430 has a substantially rectangular shape with rounded corners or edges when viewed along it front face. The base 432 essentially extends along the outer periphery of the element 430. The element 430 is substantially symmetrical about its longitudinal (and vertical) axis, designated as the Y axis. The element 430 is also essentially symmetrical about its transverse (and horizontal) axis, designated as X .

25 is a schematic front view of another preferred embodiment of a flexible member 530 comprising a base 532, a domed region 536, and one or more side walls 534 extending therebetween. The domed region 536 includes outwardly projecting lower corner regions 536a and 536b. In this embodiment, the flexible member 530 has a symmetrical shape with respect to only one axis, its longitudinal axis Y. The shape of the flexible member 530 is different and asymmetrical with respect to the X axis. As noted earlier, the shape and / or contour of the flexible member depends at least on the shape of the label and / or the shape or contour of the container. The flexible member 530 shown in FIG. 25 is more fully in contact with the lower edge and lower corner regions of the label than the flexible member 430 shown in FIG. 24 due to outwardly projecting lower corner regions 536a and 536b. In addition, it should be understood that the present invention includes a wide variety of shapes and configurations for a flexible element. The specific shape and configuration of the flexible element is mainly determined by the characteristics of the labels and containers. Thus, it should be understood that the invention is in no way limited to the specific flexible elements described herein, for example, elements 430 and 530.

On Fig shows a pair of guide elements 662, adjustable and selectively coupled or mounted with a frame or other supporting element by using threaded elements 685 passing through the passages 687 formed in each guide element 662. Each guide element includes an upper region 664 , a lower region 666 and an inner side 665 extending between them. As shown in FIG. 26, a container 10 is located between a pair of spaced guide elements 662. The container 10 has curved sides or side regions, as shown in FIG. Each guide element 662 preferably has a shape or contour such as to correspond, copy, or substantially be similar to the lateral side regions of the container 10. Thus, the inner side 665 of each guide element 662 preferably extends along the container 10 and is located relatively close to it.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 26, the container 10 defines an outwardly protruding or convex lateral region 10a, and the inner side 665 of the guide element defines a corresponding inwardly concave concave region 665a of the inner side of the guide element. In addition, the container 10 further defines an inwardly concave concave lateral region 10b, and the inner side 665 of the guide element defines a corresponding protruding outward or convex region 665b of the inner side of the guide element. For many applications, it is particularly preferred that the configuration of the inside is directly similar and essentially copies the contour of the target tank. Thus, the gap between the inner side of the guide element and the container, with the respective relative position relative to each other, is relatively the same and constant from the upper region of the guide element to the lower region of the guide element. This is the opposite of the particular construction shown in FIG. 26, in which a relatively large gap is provided between the container and the inner sides of the guide element, adjacent to the lower regions of the guide element, and a relatively narrow gap near the upper regions of the guide element.

FIG. 27 further shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the “quick change” system 700. The quick change system includes a flexible member 730, guide members 762, and a frame assembly 750. The guiding elements 762 are adjustable and selectively mounted relative to the frame 750 and are preferably mounted vertically by using one or more rail elements 752. The system 700 includes a large number of means for releasably engaging the system 700 with a larger frame or support, or, as previously noted, with a movable beam device (not shown). An example of such releasable clutch means includes clamping members, such as those shown at 710. Other fasteners, such as threaded fasteners, may be used.

FIGS. 28 and 29 show a plurality of quick change systems 700, collectively referred to as labeling group 800. FIG. 28 is a perspective view and FIG. 29 is a front view of labeling group 800. Each system 700 is previously described with respect to FIG. 27. Each system 700 is selectively coupled to a frame portion 780. Each part 780 of the frame includes means for directing heated air to the flexible element 730, such as an air inlet 740 having a series-connected electric heater 743 and an air outlet 744. Referring now to FIGS. 28 and 29, an opening 741 is formed in the frame 750 for air inlet and a hole 742 for air discharge. As previously described in conjunction with the heater 110 shown in FIG. 10, the heater 743 may include an internal flow area or a channel section. Thus, the heated air flowing past the heater 743 through the inlet 740 enters the interior of the flexible member 730 through the opening 741. The heated air circulates inside the flexible member 730, preferably further distributed by an air manifold or distributor (not shown), and exits through the opening 742 and through the outlet air pipe 744. A heater 790 is located inside each flexible element 730. Clamping elements 710 or other attachment nodes can be used for selective and detachable the first uncoupling of the flexible element 730, its guide elements 762 and its frame 750 from another frame 780.

FIG. 30 shows five different quick change systems, designated 700a, 700b, 700c, 700d, and 700e, each using a flexible member of a different size, shown as 730a, 730b, 730c, 730d, and 730e. Each system may include one or more guide elements, such as 762c and 762e, or lack such guide elements. In addition, each system may include different sizes, shapes, and configurations of heaters 790a, 790b, 790c, 790d, and 790e housed within flexible elements. Clamping means or other releasable clutch means 710 are provided for each system 700a-700e. 30 also depicts a preferred arrangement of air holes 741 and 742 with respect to flexible members 730a-730e. Regardless of the size of the flexible elements 730a-730e, after the frame 750 engages with the frame 780 (see FIG. 28), the air holes 741 and 742 are aligned with the air inlet 740 and the air outlet 744. This configuration further facilitates quick and easy removal and installation one system 700 instead of another, for example, replacing a system 700e with a system 700a, or vice versa. As will be understood, this provides a convenient replacement of one flexible element to another. Thus, a flexible element having a specific configuration for one type of label and / or container can be easily replaced when other container and / or label are used. 30 also shows a typical air manifold 737 having a hollow interior and defining a plurality of passages 738 made in the side wall of the manifold. It should be understood that the air manifold 737 can use almost any arrangement or arrangement of passages 738 and is in no way limited to the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. 30.

The invention also provides various label processing systems for contacting a label with a container. These systems comprise a label processing device for simultaneously heating and contacting the label with the container. Label processing devices are preferably as described herein. Label processing systems also include one or more labels for heating and contacting the container with a processing device.

Labeling Using Smoothing Elements

In general, the present invention provides various technologies and assemblies for selectively applying one or more areas of a label or assembling a label onto a container. Specifically, technologies and assemblies are used to control label areas that are in contact with the container. By selectively controlling the geometry and size or proportions of the “flags” of the label during the labeling operation, greater overall control of the labeling process can be achieved. The technologies and assemblies described here are of particular importance for labeling operations using heat-shrinkable labels and pressure sensitive adhesives.

In certain labeling operations, such as for labeling complex curved surfaces, a multi-step principle is used. In particular, this multi-step principle is applicable for applying heat-shrinkable labels using pressure sensitive adhesives. The label or label assembly is first applied to the container or other receiving surface by contacting only the portion of the label with the desired region of the container. An open adhesive, for example a pressure sensitive adhesive, on the back of the label is in contact with the container and holds the label relative to the container, which typically moves on the conveyor. The resulting label areas that are not in contact with the container are sometimes referred to in the industry as “flags” or “wings”.

The label is then completely in contact with and adhered to the container through a variety of different technologies, largely depending on the geometry of the container and the characteristics of the label and adhesive. For heat-shrinkable labels using pressure-sensitive adhesives, the remaining non-contacting areas or “flags” of the label are preferably in contact with the container using a deformable heated element. The movement and temperature of the heated element is carefully controlled to heat the label or its portion (s) to the required temperatures in order to achieve the desired degree of shrinkage in the portion (s) of the label. The heating is carefully controlled with respect to the occurrence of contact between the label and the container in order to reduce or ideally prevent the occurrence of wrinkles, seams, raising edges or other defects in the applied label.

The present invention provides systems and methods for partially or completely applying a label to a moving container without defects. The label is first in contact with and carried by a moving container. In one embodiment of the invention, the label is further applied to the container, however, is not fully applied, so that one or more label flags remain. The label can be completely applied to the container, and the flags of the label can be applied to the corresponding areas of the container through one or more subsequent operations, such as using a heated flexible smoothing element. In another embodiment of the invention, the label is completely applied to the container. In this embodiment, the flags obtained after the initial contact between the label and the container are in full contact with the container.

FIG. 31 shows a typical container 810 having an outer surface 812 of a container on which a label 820 is applied in accordance with the present invention. Specifically, the label first only partially comes into contact with the container or the receiving surface, so that one or more of the desired areas of the label remain in contact with the container. On Fig shows a state in which the label 820 is partially in contact with and partially glued to the container 810.

The initial contact area between the label 820 and the container 810 is shown in FIGS. 31 and 32 as a region 830. The remaining areas of the label that are not in contact with the container are flags 832a and 832b. As noted previously, the term “flag” as used herein refers to a non-touching portion of a label, typically including one or more edge regions. Although FIGS. 31 and 32 show two separate flag portions 832a and 832b, it should be understood that three or more flags, or one flag, may be associated with the label and its initial application to the container. The front face of the label 820 is generally designated as the front face 824. In this case, the rear face of the label 820 is designated as the rear face 822. An effective amount of adhesive 828, such as pressure sensitive adhesive, is typically located on the rear face 822 of label 820.

Specifically, the present invention is directed to a multi-step labeling operation in which a pressure-sensitive label is first partially in contact with a desired portion on the outer edge of the container. The label is simultaneously and gradually subjected to smoothing operations, whereby additional areas of the label are in contact with and applied to the container. Preferably, the smoothing operation ends before the entire label touches the container. Most preferably, smoothing is only performed while at least one or more flags are present. Under these circumstances, the smoothing operation is completed, and the container, now bearing the partially applied label, is sent to another technological operation, for example, contact with a flexible heated element. However, as noted previously, the present invention includes a labeling operation in which the label and preferably the pressure sensitive label is fully in contact with and applied to the container so that the applied label does not have flags.

Not wanting to be limited by any particular theory, it was found that this multi-step labeling operation is particularly well suited for applying heat-shrinkable pressure sensitive labels to curved container surfaces and especially container surfaces, which are complex curved surfaces. Typically, such containers have to some extent a planar or slightly arched and convex anterior or posterior region, which is substantially bent inward along its lateral regions to form complex curved ledges or sides that correspond to a suitable surface on the other side of the container. Attempting to apply a label and, in particular, a heat-shrinkable pressure-sensitive label without defects on sharply curved and typically complex curved areas is very difficult. Surprisingly, thanks to the application of the present invention, the label can be easily applied by first contacting the selected area of the label with a portion of the container, and then touching and applying additional quantities of the label to the container using selective label smoothing. Preferably, smoothing is performed to such an extent that at least one or more regions of the label remain that are not in contact with the container. Label areas that are not in contact with the container are label flags. Preferably, the flags that are formed correspond and thus overlap areas of the container that have complex curvature. Flags are then applied to the complexly curved surfaces of the container by one or more subsequent operations, such as, for example, by means of said flexible heated element. In certain applications, it may be possible to completely affix the label so that no label flags remain. For these applications, it would probably not be necessary to expose the labeled container to a flexible heated element.

33 is a perspective view of a smoothing assembly 840 of a preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention. The various smoothing assemblies described herein are used for selectively labeling and controlled smoothing, i.e. gradually contacting one or more areas of the label, including (i) the entire or a portion of the contacting region of the label, such as region 830 in FIGS. 31 and 32, and (ii) the entire or portion of the flag region, such as one or both of regions 832a and 832b on Fig and 32. The preferred version of the smoothing assembly 840 is used for initial application of the label from the device for supplying labels (not shown in Fig. 33) and moreover then it is used for the gradual application and "smoothing" of the label to the container. The host assembly 840 includes a frame 850, a smoothing brush member 860, a cam 880, and a cam follower 870. Each of these elements is described in more detail here.

Frame 850 typically includes one or more elements for supporting and positioning the smoothing brush element 860. Preferably, the frame 850 includes an upper frame member 852, a lower frame member 854 and one or more support elements extending therebetween, such as a vertical support member 856. The materials used for the frame can be almost any material exhibiting suitable strength and rigidity. Non-limiting examples for frame materials include metals such as steel and aluminum, and relatively rigid plastics. One or more brackets 858 or other fasteners may be used to attach or otherwise connect the smoothing brush element 860 to the frame 850. The frame 850 is mounted to rotate on a support or other device (not shown) so that the frame 850 can rotate around pivot axis 842, as shown in FIG. Preferably, the frame 850 and the smoothing brush member 860 attached thereto can rotate about an axis 842 in the direction of arrow B. The method by which the frame is rotated is explained in more detail here.

The smoothing brush element 860 is shown separately in FIG. 34. Although the present invention includes many shapes and configurations for the smoothing brush element 860, the smoothing element 860 preferably has a relatively planar shape defining a front face 861 and an oppositely directed rear face 863. The smoothing brush element 860 also includes one or more webs 862 that preferably protrude from the marginal or lateral region laterally outward. The web 862 is preferably flexible and deformable, and thus the materials selected for the web are selected accordingly. Representative examples of materials for web 862 include, but are not limited to, silicones, rubbers, flexible plastics, and various composite materials. The smoothing brush element 860 also includes a smoothing element 864, preferably located on a remote edge or area of the web 862. When using the smoothing assembly 840, the smoothing element 864 is in contact with a label on one or more contact areas 866 of the smoothing element 864. Material (s), which one to select for use as the smoothing element 864 depends on the characteristics of the label and the smoothness of the smoothing element 864 and the tendency for the element to move around the label. Non-limiting examples of materials that may be suitable as a smoothing member 864 include, but are not limited to, woven and non-woven cotton fibers, polymeric materials, molded elastomeric materials, and the like. Depending on the label materials and the characteristics of any printing or coating layers, it may also be desirable to use one or more lubricating or friction reducing agents on the smoothing element. In addition, it should be understood that the invention includes a wide variety of shapes, configurations, and materials for the smoothing brush element 860. For the particular preferred smoothing assembly 840 described herein, it is preferable that the smoothing element 864 continuously extends over the entire length, or substantially so, of the web 862. In this case, it is preferable that the web 862 continuously runs over the entire length, or substantially so element 860 smoothing brushes.

A preferred embodiment of the smoothing assembly 840 also includes a cam follower 870. The cam follower 870 is engaged and preferably attached to the frame 850 so that the movement of the element 870 is transmitted to the frame 850. As shown in FIG. 33, the cam follower 870 can be attached to the upper element 852 of the frame 850 through one or more bolts or other fasteners. Other attachment means may be used, such as welding, adhesives, or making the cam follower 870 integrally with one or more frame members 850. The preferred configuration depicted in FIG. 33 is described in more detail here. The cam follower 870 may have a wide variety of shapes and configurations. Preferably, the element 870 defines a proximal end 876 on which the element 870 is attached to the frame 850 and the opposite distal end 874. The remote end 874 preferably forms a cam follower surface 872 that faces the cam element 880. In a preferred configuration of the element 870, the cam follow surface 872 provided on a laterally directed lateral or marginal region of element 870 and, in particular, at a distal end 874 or a portion thereof. The cam follower 870 can be made of almost any material, such as metals, including steel and aluminum, for example, or plastics, such as Lexan, polyethylene or other materials with low surface energy.

The host assembly 840 in certain embodiments may also include a cam member 880. The cam member 880 is positioned to be operatively engaged with the cam follower 870 such that moving the member 880 causes a predetermined cyclic and preferably reciprocating movement of the follower 870. In the characteristic configuration shown in FIG. 33, the cam member 880 moves linearly in the direction of arrow A, which, due to functional engagement with the cam follower 870, causes a swinging rotation of the frame 850 and the smoothing brush element 860 in the direction of arrow B and specifically around the pivot axis 842. Preferably, the cam element 880 defines a cam surface 882 directed to the cam follower 870 and, in particular, to the cam follower 872. As will be appreciated, during and during engagement between the cam element 880 and the cam follower 870, a portion of the cam follower 872 is in contact with a portion of cam surface 882. Although the invention includes a wide variety of configurations and structures, preferably cam element 880 and cam follow element 870 Nena so that linear displacement of the cam member 880 causes reciprocating rotation of the rocking cam follower 870.

Fig. 35 shows a typical arrangement and orientation of a container 810 bearing a partially contacting label 820. The label first contacts the container closer in the direction and preferably directly closer in direction to the smoothing assembly 840. In a particularly preferred process, described in more detail here, the label 820 first in contact with the container 810 through the smoothing assembly 840. As soon as in contact with it, the container continues to carry a partially applied label to the smoothing assembly 840, on which the label and then comes in contact with and applied to the container. Typically, a container 810 is located on a conveyor 890 that moves past the smoothing assembly 840. A large number of conveyors can be used in conjunction with various smoothing assemblies of the present invention. Typically, the conveyor moves containers, which are preferably located on the conveyor so that the containers are evenly spaced from each other and equally aligned with each other. The containers are preferably arranged in line with each other on the conveyor, although it should be understood that the invention includes other container arrangements. Regarding the configuration of the conveyor, it is usually preferable to use a linear conveyor and, in particular, a conveyor having a conveyor section that is linear and which moves the containers in a straight line past the smoothing assembly and, in particular, the smoothing element. It is also preferred that the conveyor moves the containers in a continuous manner so that the containers are continuously in motion and, most preferably, so that the containers are in continuous motion as they move past the smoothing member. The movement of the conveyor 890 is preferably synchronized with the movement of the cam element 880 (not shown) so that when the container 810 moves to the smoothing assembly 840, the cam follower 870 moves first from the container 810 and then moves to the container 810. Specifically, it is preferable that when the conveyor 890 and the container 810 placed on it, are moved to the first differential value C _1, the cam follower 870, the frame member 850 and 860 smooth the brush is rotated around the axis 842 (shown in Figure 33) in the direction of arrow D from the container 810. After sufficient displacement of the linear conveyor, such as the completion of the first differential value C _1, the conveyor 890 continues and is further linear movement, such as a second differential value C _2. When the conveyor 890 and the container 810 placed thereon are moved by the second differential value C ₂ , the cam follower 870, the frame 850 and the smoothing brush element 860 are rotated about an axis 842 (shown in FIG. 33) in the direction of the arrow E to the container 810. Depending on the relative positions of the cam element 880 and the cam follower 870 and the profile or shape of the cam surface 882 and cam follow surface 872, a large number of movements of the smoothing brush element 860 can be achieved. about the container 810 and its label 820. When the container 810 and the label 820 move past the smoothing brush element 860, the portion of the label 820 that is not in contact with the container 810 and which is located closer to the element 860 at that moment, then extends past the element 860 and specifically past the smoothing element 864. Depending on the shape and configuration of the smoothing element 864, all or only selected areas of the label may be pressed into and in contact with the container 810. Thus, depending on the previously noted aspects, the size, shape and orientation of one or more flags can be selectively adjusted. This is especially desirable prior to exposing the container and partially attached label to a heated flexible member for heat shrinkage and final gluing of the label to the container.

In another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the smoothing assembly 840 does not include, and does not have, a cam member 880. Instead, the cam follower 870 is positioned so as to periodically come into contact with containers moving past the smoothing assembly. Most preferably, the cam follower 870 is positioned so as to periodically come into contact with the upper region of each container, such as the outer part of the neck or the upwardly extending threaded region of the container, which accommodates the lid or other closure of the container. The implementation and location of the cam follower element 870 in such a way that the element is driven by the containers themselves, contribute to the simplicity, consistency and accuracy of the associated process. This preferred embodiment is possible since in most, if not all high-speed industrial labeling operations of the container, the containers are held in place on a moving conveyor by means of an upper conveyor element. The contact surface of the upper conveyor element is typically frictionally improved to facilitate adhesion between this element and the container. A plurality of containers located between the upper and lower conveyors are sufficiently held in place so that they can support, i.e. not moving, cam follower 870 in contact with each container when a group of containers moves along and past the smoothing assembly.

It should be understood that the present invention provides assemblies that enable selective adjustment of the shape, size and orientation of almost any flag or other non-contiguous region of the label. Thus, the invention can provide almost any configuration of a partially applied label on a container and can be used to form or modify one or more flags associated with the label prior to final application of the label and / or shrink of the label. Or, the invention can be applied to completely apply a partially applied label to a container in such a way that no flags remain.

For example, FIG. 36 shows a container 810 having a label 820 partially in contact with it. The area of the label 820 in contact with the container 810 is shown as area 830, and the areas of the label not in contact with the container 810 are shown as areas or flags 832a and 832b. The container 810 moves past the smoothing element 864 in the direction of the arrow F. Thus, the flag 832a is located further downstream of the smoothing element 864, and the flag 832b is located further downstream of this element. In this example, the smoothing element 864 of the smoothing brush element 860 (not shown) is brought into contact with the moving container 810 in the central portion of the region 830. Since the container 810 and the label 820 move past the smoothing element 864, the element gradually touches or “smoothes” the label 820 from its initial central portion to the next portion adjacent to the outer edge region of the label 820, as shown in FIG. As will be noted in FIG. 37, after smoothing the label 820, the original flag 832b has been completely eliminated by contacting this area of the label with a capacity of 810. As a result, the proportion or surface area of the area 830 has increased. Since smoothing or touching did not take place with respect to the downstream flag 832a, this flag remains unchanged. It should be understood that primers are used in conjunction with areas 830 and 832a to designate these areas after the smoothing operation with the smoothing element 864.

FIGS. 38 and 39 show an initial container 810 and a label 820 partially in contact with it such that the contact area 830 is relatively small compared to the flag areas 832a and 832b. In this example, it is desirable to simply reduce the size or proportion of the upstream flag 832b rather than completely eliminate this flag, as in the example of FIGS. 36 and 37. A heated flexible element (not shown) can then be used to apply the flag 832b labels on the container.

FIGS. 40 and 41 show another example in which the label 820 first contacts the container 810 at the leading edge of the label 820. A relatively large, upstream flag 832b remains. A preferred assembly option can be used to increase the area of contact between the container 810 and the label 820, i.e. area 830, and thereby reduce or completely eliminate the upstream flag 832b, as shown in FIG.

In a particularly preferred process in accordance with the invention, a smoothing assembly is used in conjunction with a label feeder. 42-44 and 46-49 show various stages during the labeling process according to a preferred embodiment in accordance with the invention. On Fig shows a potential problem that may occur during the operation of labeling. These figures provide a series of detailed diagrams depicting a preferred labeling and smoothing technique using the preferred assemblies described. In a general sense, the various elements of the smoothing assembly, containers, and labels are previously described and are denoted by the same 900 reference numerals. Thus, for example, in FIGS. 42-49, frame 950 is indicated. Frame 950 corresponds to frame 850 previously described herein. Each of FIGS. 42-49 shows a container 910 during a labeling operation in which a label 920 is applied to the outer surface of the container with a smoothing brush element 960 supported on the frame 950. In these figures, a label supply device having a dispensing element is schematically shown at 935 936 label dispensers, from which label 920 is supplied. Almost any type of label dispenser can be used in the assemblies, systems, and methods described herein. Typically, the device for supplying labels made or otherwise adapted to selectively position the label at the desired outer edge of the container.

Referring to FIG. 42, the smoothing brush element 960 and the frame 950 are rotated to the side so that a label can be applied or fed between the smoothing brush and the container. This is done by means of a cam follower, such as the follower 870 shown in FIG. 35, in contact with and pushing away from the neck of the container. Specifically, when the container 910 moves toward the smoothing member 960 and the frame 950 in the direction of the arrow G, the smoothing brush and frame move from the container 910 in the direction of the arrow H. Preferably, the movement of the smoothing brush 960 and the frame 950 is the result of contact between the cam follower (not shown ) and the outer surface of the neck 915 of the container 910. At this particular stage of the labeling operation, the offset of the smoothing brush 960 and the frame 950 in the direction of arrow H essentially occurs before the container 910 arrives, as shown by the center 902 of the container 910, located closer along the frame relative to the frame 950 in Fig.42. The center 902 is the geometric center of the tank 910 and is defined by the intersection of the bisector planes 902x and 902y of the tank. 42 also depicts a preferred configuration for the remote end or dispensing element 936 of the label supply device 935. In this preferred orientation of the dispensing element 936, the label 920 exits the dispenser 935 in a direction that is parallel, or at least substantially the same, with respect to a line tangent to the edge of the container 910 directed toward the smoothing brush and frame and in contact with the container 910 at its intersection with the plane 902y. This tangent line is shown in FIG. 42 as a dashed line z.

As shown in FIG. 43, when the container 910 continues to approach the smoothing brush and the frame, the cam follower begins to allow the smoothing brush 960 to move toward the container 910. The invitation brush then starts directing the label to the container. Specifically, the container 910 continues to move toward the assembly of the smoothing brush element 960 and the frame 950 in the direction of the arrow G. As a result of the shape of the cam surface of the cam follower (not shown), the frame 950 then moves toward the moving container 910 in the direction of the arrow I shown in FIG. 43 . The movement in the direction of arrow I continues in such a way that the contact area 966 of the smoothing brush element 960 is in contact with the label 920 and moves the label 920 to the container 910. At this stage of the process, the center of the container 9 approaches the dispensing element 936 of the label supplying device 935.

As shown in FIG. 44, a smoothing brush 960 places the label on the container at a location that is determined by the shape of the cam follower (not shown). This effect creates a label flag and adjusts the length of the flag. It is essential that the label is applied to the container with a smoothing brush to eliminate or prevent the formation of bubbles in the label. If the label is applied to the container before it is applied with a smoothing brush, an undesirable state of pre-adhesion can occur, which will often include bubbles. Specifically in FIG. 44, the assembly of the smoothing brush element 960 and the frame 950 is further shifted to the moving container 910 in the direction of arrow J. This leads to the contact of the label 920 by the contact area 966 of the smoothing brush element 960 with the capacity 910. It should be noted that such contact is made in such so that the leading edge of the label remains in contact with the container 910, thereby creating the flag 932a of the label. At this stage of the labeling process, the container center 902 is located approximately adjacent to the dispensing element 936 of the label supplying device 935.

On Fig shows an example of an undesirable state of pre-adhesion. In this state, there is a contact between the label 920 and the container 920 closer along the contact area 966 of the contact element 960 smoothing brushes. As explained, this typically leads to the formation of air bubbles under the label 920 in the region of the label designated T.

In Fig. 46, the smoothing brush moves along the container, thereby smoothing the label onto the container. Specifically, at this stage of the labeling operation, the center 902 of the container 910 is now located further downstream of the dispensing element 936 of the label supplying device 935. The container continues to move in the direction of arrow G. Another preferred practice according to the invention is to control the speed at which the label 920 is fed from the label feeder 935, so that the label 920 is slightly stretched or pulled out of the label feeder as a result of the label touching with a moving capacity of 910 at this point in the process. It has been found that this practice promotes labeling of containers without bubble formation.

As shown in FIG. 47, the label is detached from and completely exits the dispensing element 936. An invitation brush continues to smooth the label 920 onto the container. Specifically, as the container continues to move in the direction of arrow G, the label 920 is in contact with the container 910 and smoothed by the smoothing brush element 960. At this stage of the labeling operation, the container center 902 is located further downstream of the smoothing brush 960 and frame 950.

As shown in FIG. 48, the smoothing brush finishes smoothing the label onto the container, but the smoothing brush does not completely smooth the back edge of the label. This leaves the back flag. The stroke of the smoothing brush limits the further contact of the smoothing brush with the container, thus creating a flag. It is contemplated that, by changing the cam configuration, the smoothing brush can be separated from the container so that the length of the rear flag can be adjusted. More specifically, in the labeling step of FIG. 48, the movement of the container 910 continues in the direction of the arrow G. The label 920 is now partially applied to the container 910 such that the front flag 932a and the rear flag 932b take place. At this stage of the process, the contact area 966 of the smoothing brush element 960 is located downstream of the center of the container 902 and between the center 902 and the rear face 910b of the container 910.

In Fig. 49, the smoothing brush begins to move away from the trajectory of the moving container 910, thus starting the process for the next container. Those. the smoothing brush element 960 and the frame 950 are displaced from the container 910 in the direction of the arrow K. This process is repeated for another container (not shown) located closer along and following the container 910.

It should be understood that the present invention is in no way limited to any of the labeling practices described and shown here. Not wanting to be limited to any particular practice, usually the preferred practice is outlined below. The label first comes into contact with the container at a closer edge or front edge or region of the label. The edge or region does not necessarily include the frontmost portion of the label, but is essentially defined adjacent to the frontmost portion of the label. The frontmost portion of the label is not in contact with the container and thus constitutes a flag. A container region corresponding to and located below the frontmost flag is typically complexly curved. The flag can be fully brought into contact and applied to the complexly curved region of the container at a later operation, for example, by means of a heated flexible element.

A container carrying a partially applied label moves past the smoothing assembly as described herein. The smoothing assembly then further brings into contact the label with the container through the selective smoothing operation described here. Preferably, the smoothing ends so that the flag of the trailing edge remains, which is not in contact with the lower region of the container, which, as noted, is typically complexly curved. The flag of the trailing edge can be fully brought into contact and applied to the complexly curved region of the container at a later operation by means of a heated flexible element, for example.

It is also contemplated that other elements, such as pneumatic or hydraulic actuators or electric servomotors, can be used to selectively position one or more elements to provide additional label and capacity configurations. For example, instead of using a pivoting structure for frame 850, a guiding system and one or more servomotors can be used to selectively position the smoothing brush element 860 in the smoothing position of the label and from the position to allow the container and / or label flags to pass without collision with the smoothing brush element 860 .

The present invention also provides various methods for selectively touching a label, for example for selectively smoothing a label or portions thereof that is carried on a moving container. Methods typically include providing a movable cam member and a movable frame assembly. The cam is designed so that its movement corresponds to the movement of the container and the label carried on the container. The frame is preferably pivotable about a vertical pivot axis. The smoothing brush element is attached or otherwise engaged with the movable frame. The frame is located relative to the trajectory of the moving container in such a way that when the frame rotates, the element of the smoothing brush moves between two positions. In one of the positions, the element of the smoothing brush is in the proximity of contact relative to the path of the container. And in another position, the smoothing brush is located at a distance from the trajectory of the tank. The term “proximity”, as used here with respect to the smoothing brush element, refers to that element which is in such a position that the distal edge or end region of the smoothing brush element is in contact with a label carried on the container when the container moves past the smoothing brush element.

In a preferred method, a cam follower is provided in association with the movable frame. The frame is positioned and oriented in such a way that the cam follower is in functional engagement with the cam. Most preferably, the cam, cam follower, and movement of the container are connected to each other so that the frame rotates around the pivot axis so that when the moving container is near the frame, the smoothing brush is in close proximity to the tank so that the smoothing brush is in contact with a label on the container. When the container moves behind the frame, the frame is rotated around the axis of rotation so that the element of the smoothing brush moves or moves from the trajectory of the moving container.

Moreover, methods for selectively touching the label are proposed, as noted here, in which the containers themselves serve as a cam element. The methods include providing a cam follower that is controlled by a group of containers moving along the cam follower. Periodic contact between the cam follower and the containers, such as the neck of the containers, can be used to control the movement of the smoothing brush element.

It should be understood that the present invention includes variations of this method and offers many technologies for selectively touching a label or portions of a label that is carried on a moving container.

A wide variety of labels, films, and / or assemblies thereof can be selectively applied to a container using various equipment, systems, and methods described herein. For example, examples of typical uses of label materials or label substrates include, but are not limited to, paper, polyester (lavsan), polyethylene, and the like. As noted, the label or film may be in the form of a heat shrink film. The shrink film applicable in the label may be a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. The layer or layers of the shrink film can be made of a polymer selected from polyester, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polylactic acid, copolymers and mixtures thereof. In a general sense, any of the labels or film, adhesives and their additional aspects, previously noted here in conjunction with the use of flexible elements, can be used in conjunction with systems and principles for applying labels using smoothing elements. The present invention can be applied to apply a wide variety of labels, films and other elements. For example, the invention can be used in conjunction with shrink labels, pressure-sensitive labels, pressure-sensitive shrink labels, heat-sensitive labels and almost any type of label or film known in the art of packaging and labeling. Labels applied using the equipment, systems and / or methods described herein preferably exhibit several characteristics or aspects as set forth below. The label usually has such dimensions that after the label is completely in contact or glued to the container, the label does not pass along the entire periphery of the container. Most preferably, after full contact with the container, the edges or other areas of the label do not overlap other edges or areas of the same label.

The invention also provides various labeling systems for manufacturing a labeled container. These systems comprise a label feeder for selectively positioning a label on a moving container, a label or a plurality of labels, and an assembly for selectively touching one or more regions of a label located on the container with a label feeder. The assembly comprises a movable frame, wherein the frame includes at least one frame member pivotable about a pivot axis. The assembly further comprises a smoothing brush element coupled to the frame element and movable with it. The smoothing brush element includes a smoothing element for contacting the label. The assembly also includes a cam follower attached to the frame and movable with it. The movement of the cam follower corresponds to the movement of the container, whereby the smoothing element selectively enters the label of the moving container into contact.

Subsequent heat treatment

As explained in more detail here, various methods and systems are provided for post-processing a label or film previously adherently applied to a container or other substrate. Methods typically include heating the applied label or label assembly to a specific temperature relatively quickly and usually immediately after applying the label. Preferably, during this heating operation, the adhesive placed between the label and the surface of the container or substrate also heats in the same way as the label. The term “adhesive applied”, as used herein with respect to labels, refers to labels that are applied and held on the open surfaces of containers or substrates by one or more layers of adhesive (s). The applied labels processed in accordance with the specific methods described herein exhibit lower levels of defectiveness, improved label retention and adhesion, and greater aesthetics compared to corresponding applied labels that have not undergone the methods.

In particular, the present invention provides further improvements to the principles and methods for applying labels and films to curved surfaces, such as external curved surfaces of various containers. Although the present invention has been described in terms of processing principles for labels or films that have previously been applied to containers, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to containers. Instead, the invention can be applied to the subsequent processing of many labels or films previously deposited on the surface of almost any type of object. The invention, in particular, is directed to the processing of shrinking labels that have previously been applied to the curved surfaces of the container. Moreover, the invention, in particular, is also directed to the processing of labels, such as shrink labels, which were applied to complex curved surfaces of various containers.

It should be understood that the present invention can be applied to the processing of labels and films that have been applied to a wide variety of surfaces, including planar surfaces and simple curved surfaces. However, as explained in more detail here, the invention is particularly well suited for post-processing labels and films and their associated adhesive (s) that have been applied to complex curved surfaces.

Typically, in accordance with preferred methods, heat is applied to one or more previously applied labels on containers at a particular point in the labeling operation and within a certain period of time for thermal annealing of the film material of the label after applying the label to the container. Preferably, the adhesive disposed between the label and the receiving surface is also heated to the same degree or substantially the same as the label. It has been found that the specific temperatures to which the applied labels are heated reduce to a minimum the defects of the labels, which otherwise typically occur after aging, such as seams, creases, bubbles, rises, etc. Such defects that occur after labeling are commonly referred to collectively as “post-defects”.

Moreover, depending on the specific labeling process, the methods of subsequent heat treatment can also make it possible to exclude one or more preheating operations. For labels that include heat-shrinkable materials, preferred heating after application is performed after the label shrinks. Heat can be applied to labeled containers in a variety of ways, for example, using infrared lamps, radiation heaters, forced-air heaters, shrink tunnels ... etc. The amount of heat, in a general sense, is determined by the characteristics of the label material, the speed of the labeling process and the amount of heat already transferred to the label before the production site of subsequent heating. For labels that include heat-shrinkable materials, the amount of heat is also determined by the shrink temperature of the material. Almost any type of container having a label affixed to it can accept the processing techniques described herein. All of these aspects are described in more detail here.

Preferred Processing Methods

Preferred processing methods include heating the previously applied label and adhesive to a specific temperature and at a specific point within or after the labeling operation. Preferably, the applied label and adhesive are at or near ambient temperature and are heated to a temperature of from about 30 ° C to about 150 ° C and more preferably heated to a temperature of from about 50 ° C to about 100 ° C. Typically, the applied label is heated quickly, for example, typically in less than 5 seconds, preferably in less than 3 seconds, and most preferably in less than 1 second. The use of such transient heating durations makes it possible to use the processing methods described herein in high-speed labeling operations.

In practice, the achievement of these specific temperatures in the applied label can be accomplished by subjecting the applied label assembly to an environment having a temperature of at least 100 ° C or higher. Heating may be performed using any suitable method. Typically, heating can be performed using one or more heat transfer mechanisms, such as conductive heating, convective heating, radiation heating, or a combination thereof. A large variety of heating equipment or devices can be used to heat applied labels and bonded adhesives. Non-limiting examples include, but are not limited to, infrared lamps, radiation heaters, forced air furnaces, heated chambers, heated tunnels, heated contact surfaces, and the like. Preferably, heating is performed using radiation heaters in the chamber or heat blowers in the chamber, and both with infrared radiation (IR) sensors to measure the temperature of the output label. Heating devices are well known in the art and readily available.

Preferably, the processing process includes heating the label and the adhesive layer immediately after application to the container or substrate. The term “directly” as used herein generally refers to initiating heating of a label after application without delay so that heating occurs after application of the label. From a practical point of view, heating occurs preferably less than 5 seconds after labeling, and most preferably less than 1 second after labeling. However, it should be understood that the invention includes heating performed after applying the label, for example, after a period of time of one minute or more and in certain applications even after a period of several hours after applying the label. In addition, it is contemplated that the heating techniques described herein can be fully implemented after labeling, for example up to 24 hours after labeling. Specific temperatures and time periods will largely depend on the materials used in the label or film, the characteristics of the label and adhesive.

The applied labels and adhesives processed in accordance with the specific methods described herein exhibit lower levels of defectiveness, improved label retention and adhesion, and greater aesthetics compared to corresponding applied labels that have not undergone the methods. Specifically, labels subjected to the processing techniques described herein tend to remain in their state immediately after application and do not become folded, form seams or exhibit elevation or separation at their edges or interface between the label and the accommodating surface. Consequently, labels and adhesives subjected to the processing technologies of the invention exhibit improved retention, for example, characterized by longer retention times and generally stronger adhesion to the lower surface compared to the corresponding labels not subjected to the processing technologies noted here. The absence of defects, such as folds, seams, bubbles and / or rises, leads to an improved appearance and a more aesthetically pleasing label. These characteristics are desirable from a commercial point of view, and especially when the label is placed on a container at a retail exposition.

Although not wanting to be limited to any particular theory, it is believed that various internal stresses in the polymer label or film material are created or increased during the manufacture of the label and especially during label application. Internal stresses in the film materials are particularly pronounced during shrinkage and / or the application of heat-shrink labels. Although the relatively constant bonds provided by the label adhesive serve to hold the label in its original state immediately after application, internal stresses in the film material can lead to subsequent label distortion and displacement from its position immediately after application. These effects typically manifest as label defects in the form of folds, seams, and the like. Thus, in accordance with the invention, methods and systems for preventing label post-defects are provided. Typically, the methods include providing a support, such as a container, having a polymer label adherently applied thereon. The methods also comprise, after applying the label, and preferably immediately after the adhesive application of the label, heating the applied label to a temperature that is sufficient to relieve at least a portion of the internal stresses in the label material and thereby prevent or at least reduce the label defect that otherwise occurred would.

In accordance with the methods of the preferred embodiment described herein, it was found that heating the applied label to a specific temperature and at a specific point in the labeling operation can sufficiently relieve stresses in the material (s) of the label so that marked defects of the label do not otherwise occur . As noted, labels applied to curved surfaces of a container and especially complex curved surfaces of a container tend to exhibit such defects. It is surprising and unexpected that these defects can be eliminated using the heating technologies described here. In addition, specific heating operations are performed in such a way that there are no dimensional changes in the label. This is essential when using heat-shrinkable materials. Moreover, the post-heating operations described herein may, if carried out in certain labeling operations, eliminate the need for one or more pre-heating stations typically used in known labeling processes.

Label reduction systems

The present invention also provides various systems and related equipment assemblies for implementing the noted methods and technologies described herein. Preferably, the systems serve to reduce and ideally eliminate label post-defects. Systems, in a general sense, comprise an assembly for adhering a label to a container. Examples of assemblies for applying labels are given in one or more of the following patents, published patent applications US 4192703, 4561928, 4724029, 5785798, 7318877, 2005/0153427 and 2007/0113965. It should be understood that the system of the present invention is in no way limited to the use of one or more of these representative labeling assemblies. Instead, the system of the present invention can use almost any type of labeling equipment to reduce label post-defects. The systems in accordance with the invention also comprise one or more heaters for heating the applied label immediately after adhesive application of the label to the container. One or more heaters are preferably capable of heating the printed labels from ambient temperature to a temperature of from about 30 ° C to about 150 ° C within a time interval of less than about 5 seconds. It should be understood that the systems of the present invention can use heaters that perform marked heating of the printed labels for periods of time greater than 5 seconds. Examples of suitable heaters are previously noted here. Preferably, systems and more particularly heaters are capable of heating the marked labels to a temperature of from about 50 ° C to about 100 ° C. Preferably, the systems and more particularly the heaters are capable of heating the marked labels to the indicated temperatures within a time interval of less than 3 seconds, and most preferably within a period of time less than 1 second. Preferably, the heaters are radiation heaters. However, as noted here, a wide variety of heating devices can be used. Systems may also include one or more temperature sensors, such as infrared (IR) sensors, for conveniently and accurately measuring label temperature during and after a heating operation.

Examples

The containers were labeled with polypropylene labels at a temperature below which the labeled containers would typically remain free from defects. All labels were applied without defects during application. Labeled containers were then immediately placed in an oven at 100 ° C for various holding periods. The final temperature of the labels was measured at the end of the aging. The containers were then inspected after aging for 1 week at room temperature.

A control sample that was not subjected to subsequent heat treatment did not pass the test after 1 week due to the formation of defects. All samples that were subjected for at least 30 seconds to subsequent heating at 100 ° C (standards) were tested after aging for 1 week. Based on these results, it is believed that an exit temperature of at least 50 ° C is sufficient in the post-heating step to prevent defects in this particular label material.

Although the various processing processes described herein have been described in conjunction with the exclusion of one or more heating steps before or during labeling, it should be understood that the present invention also includes the use of processing processes used in conjunction with labeling operations that use heating. Thus, the processing processes described herein are intended for a host of labeling operations.

Although the present invention and its various preferred embodiments have been described from the point of view of applying labels and, in particular, pressure sensitive shrink labels on curved surfaces of containers, it should be understood that the present invention is applicable for applying labels, films or other thin flexible elements on surfaces other than those associated with containers. Moreover, it is also contemplated that the invention can be applied to deposit such elements on relatively flat planar surfaces.

Further details regarding the application of pressure-sensitive labels and, in particular, pressure-sensitive shrink labels are given in international publication WO 2008/124581, publication of patent application US 2009/0038736 and publication of patent application US 2009/0038737.

Further details related to thermal transfer labeling technology are given in US Pat. No. 4,610,744, US Pat. No. 6,698,958, publication of US Patent Application 2008/0185093, US Patent Publication 2007/0275319, US Patent Application Publication US 2007/0009732, US Patent Application Publication 2005/0100689, international publication WO 2004/050262, international publication WO 2005/069256, patent US 7758938, patent US 6756095, international publication WO 2002/055295, patent US 6228486, patent US 6461722, international publication WO 2000/20199, international publication WO 2000/23330 US Pat. No. 6,796,352, International Publication WO 2002/12071, patent publication US 2007/0281137 and international publication WO 2007/142970.

Many other benefits will undoubtedly become apparent from the future application and development of this technology.

All patents, published applications, and articles noted herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

As described above, the present invention solves many problems associated with devices and methods of the prior type. However, it should be understood that various changes in the details, materials and arrangements of parts or operations that have been described and shown here to explain the essence of the invention can be made by specialists in this field, without departing from the idea and scope of the invention, as expressed in the attached claims .

Claims (16)

1. A method of applying a thermal transfer pattern from a support member or web to a container, where the thermal transfer pattern includes a region of paint or other pigmented composition located on the support member, the method comprising:
providing a device for processing labels containing (i) a rigid frame defining a first face and an oppositely directed second face, the frame defining an opening extending between the first and second faces; and (ii) a flexible member located adjacent to at least one of the first face and the second face of the frame and extending through the opening of the frame and protruding outward from the second face of the frame, wherein the flexible member defines an outer surface for contact with the supporting member, the flexible member defines the inner hollow region accessible from the side of the first face of the frame, and the flexible element is deformable by applying a force of contact with the label to the portion of the element that protrudes outward from the second face of the frame;
heating the flexible element
the location of the thermal transfer pattern and the supporting element between the outer surface of the flexible element and the container,
contacting the outer surface of the flexible member with the supporting member and contacting the thermal transfer pattern with the container, and
applying a contact force with the label to the flexible element, whereby the flexible element is deformed, and the thermal transfer pattern is at least partially transferred to the container. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which the thermal transfer pattern includes a layer of separating material between the paint or other pigmented composition and the supporting element. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the flexible element is heated to a temperature sufficient to separate the thermal transfer pattern from the supporting element. 4. The method according to claim 1, in which the device for processing labels further comprises a heat source located in the inner hollow region of the flexible element, for heating the outer surface of the flexible element. 5. The method according to claim 4, in which the heat source includes an electrically powered resistive heater located in the inner hollow region of the flexible element. 6. The method according to claim 1, in which the flexible element includes a silicone material. 7. The method according to claim 1, in which the flexible element defines a longitudinal axis and is shaped so as to be symmetrical around the longitudinal axis. 8. The method according to claim 1, in which the frame includes at least one guide element extending from the second edge of the frame, with at least one guide element extending at least partially along the lateral region of the flexible element. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the frame includes a first guide element and a second guide element extending from the second face of the frame, wherein the first and second guide elements are separated by at least a portion of the opening. 10. The method according to claim 1, in which the flexible element is placed between the first and second guide elements, while the first and second guide elements serve to limit the degree of laterally outwardly directed deformation of the flexible element when a contact force is applied to the label on the flexible element. 11. The method according to claim 1, in which the flexible element further includes:
a base in contact with at least one of the first face and the second face of the frame;
many side walls protruding from the base; and
a domed surface, the domed surface including an outer surface for heating and contact with the label;
however, many side walls pass between the base and the domed surface and are made in one piece with the base and the domed surface. 12. The method according to claim 1, in which the hole of the frame defines four edges, and the flexible element includes four side walls, with each side wall located along the corresponding edge. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thermal transfer pattern is characterized by an MTVR (water vapor permeability rate) of at least 100 g / m ² / day, as measured in accordance with Procedure D of ASTM 96E. 14. A system for processing labels containing:
a thermal transfer label including a support member or web and an area of paint or other pigmented composition placed on the support member;
a device for processing labels for simultaneously heating and contacting the label with the container, the device for processing labels includes (i) a rigid frame defining a first face and an oppositely directed second face, where the frame defines an opening extending between the first and second faces; and (ii) a flexible element located adjacent to at least one of the first face and the second face of the frame and passing through the hole of the frame and protruding outward from the second face of the frame, the flexible element defines the outer surface for contact with the label, the flexible element defines the inner the hollow region accessible from the side of the first face, and the flexible element is deformable by applying a force of contact with the label to the portion of the element that protrudes outward from the second face of the frame. 15. The label processing system of claim 14, wherein the thermal transfer label further includes a release layer placed between the ink region and the support member. 16. The label processing system of claim 14 or 15, wherein the thermal transfer label is characterized by an MVRT of at least 100 g / m ² / day, as measured in accordance with ASTM 96E Procedure D.

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