RU2543533C2 - Device to make charcoal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wood and wood wastes processing by pyrolysis. Proposed device comprises combustion chamber (1) and pyrolysis chamber (2) with take-out retorts (3). Retort (3) bottom houses gas bleeders (4) composed of gas collector cones with sand gates provided with bleeders (5) extending into combustion chamber (1) at different-height levels.

EFFECT: uniform air feed to gas flares, higher heat capacity of combustion chamber and gas combustion completeness.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of pyrolysis of wood and its waste, and can also be used for pyrolysis of other types of raw materials containing organic substances.

A device for producing charcoal, including a furnace and a pyrolysis chamber with removable cylindrical retorts; the pyrolysis chamber is isolated from the surrounding space by drying chambers, the drying chambers have common walls with the pyrolysis chamber and are interconnected by a serial duct, RU 2150483.

The disadvantage of this device is the complex path of gas flows, which leads to an increase in resistance to gas flows and reduces the specific productivity of the device.

A more effective device for producing charcoal, including a combustion chamber and a pyrolysis chamber with removable retorts, as well as gas exhaust devices located in the lower part of the retorts and communicating with the combustion chamber through gas exhaust pipes, RU 28687 U1.

This technical solution is taken as a prototype of the present invention.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the fact that the outlets of the exhaust pipes into the combustion chamber are located in the same plane parallel to the bottom and, accordingly, are displayed in the combustion chamber at the same level along its height. This arrangement of pipes leads to the fact that the torches from the outer pipes receive more air from the surrounding space than the torches of pipes located inside the row. This leads to incomplete combustion of gases, as a result of which the heat productivity of the combustion chamber and the overall performance of the device are reduced.

The present invention is based on the solution of the problem of increasing the heating capacity of the combustion chamber by increasing the uniformity of the air supply to the flares of all exhaust pipes and, thereby, increasing the completeness of combustion of the gases leaving all the exhaust pipes into the combustion chamber.

According to the invention, in a device for producing charcoal, including a combustion chamber and a pyrolysis chamber with removable retorts, as well as gas exhaust devices located in the lower part of the retorts, equipped with gas exhaust pipes discharged into the combustion chamber, the gas exhaust pipes are discharged into the combustion chamber at different levels height.

The applicant has not identified any technical solutions identical to the claimed, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "Novelty."

The implementation of the distinguishing features of the invention provides an important new property of the object - the uniformity of air supply to the torches of all gas pipes, which ensures the completeness of combustion of gases leaving the combustion chamber from all gas pipes. As a result, the heating capacity of the combustion chamber is significantly increased without additional fuel consumption and, accordingly, the efficiency of the device is increased.

The applicant has not identified sources of information that would contain information about the influence of the distinguishing features of the invention on the achieved technical result.

These circumstances allow us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "Inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a device;

figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 is a section bB in figure 2 on an enlarged scale.

The device includes a combustion chamber 1 and a pyrolysis chamber 2 with removable retorts 3. In the lower part of the retorts 3 there are gas outlets 4 in the form of gas collection cones with sand gates. Flue devices 4 are equipped with flue pipes 5, which are displayed in the combustion chamber 1 at different levels along its height.

The device operates as follows. In retorts 3, thermal decomposition of wood or other raw materials containing organic substances occurs with the production of carbon residue and steam gases, which enter the gas exhaust devices 4 and from them pass through the gas exhaust pipes 5 to the combustion chamber 1, where they are burned. Due to the fact that the exhaust pipes 5 are discharged into the combustion chamber 1 at different levels along its height, air is uniformly supplied to the torches formed during the combustion of combined-cycle gases at the outlet of all the exhaust pipes 5. This ensures an increase in the completeness of combustion of the combined gases leaving all the exhaust pipes 5 into the combustion chamber 1. Upon combustion of steam and gas gases, flue gases with a temperature of 900-1000 ° C are formed. The flue gases are diluted with air to a working temperature of 600-800 ° C and enter the pyrolysis chamber 2, where they heat the retorts 3 with the raw materials loaded into them. The cycle repeats.

The operating mode of the device is continuous in general and periodic in the course of the process in each retort.

For the manufacture of the device used conventional structural materials and factory equipment. This circumstance, according to the applicant, allows us to conclude that this invention meets the criterion of "Industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

A device for producing charcoal, including a combustion chamber and a pyrolysis chamber with removable retorts, as well as gas exhaust devices located at the bottom of the retorts, equipped with gas exhaust pipes discharged into the combustion chamber, characterized in that the gas exhaust pipes are discharged into the combustion chamber at different levels her height.

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