RU2542811C2 - Vehicle emergency braking system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building, namely to vehicle emergency braking systems. The emergency braking system includes safety belt tension device, accelerator automatic control device, brake disks with pads automatic control mechanism, tracking sensors, radar system for identification of critical situations and potential hazard and recognition of obstacles on vehicle motion path, and howler-klaxon. The emergency braking system contains braking anchor like cultivator tooth the lower part of which is provided with saw-edged rifling for better grip of braking anchor working part with road surface at initial moment of their contacting and vehicle emergency braking in case of incident. The emergency braking system is equipped with actuator for automatic switching on of braking anchor.

EFFECT: higher traffic safety.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to the automotive industry and tractor engineering, and can be used in a complex of road safety measures aimed at providing protection against collisions of vehicles during their movement on roads.

Known vehicle with lighting devices that increase traffic safety (see patent RU No. 56288 B60Q 1 / 24,2006,).

The well-known two-channel tracking system for controlling a marking machine (see the journal "Road Ukraine" No. 3, 2011, pp. 22-24).

Known system of an individual radio channel warning device (see patent RU 2406156 p. 1).

A new class of PRE vehicle safety system is known - SAFE (see the magazine “At the wheel”, No. 6, 2003, p. 96). In this system, the computer monitors obstacles in the way of movement and, if they appear, prepares the brakes for work, even before the driver transfers his foot from the gas pedal to the brake pedal, while the electronics manage to increase the pressure in the special receiver and reduce the gap between brake discs with pads. This system uses radar sensors to detect critical situations, so at a speed of 30 km / h to 200 km / h at a distance of about 200 meters in front of the car it is checked on radar reflecting obstacles. About two and a half seconds before the collision, the driver is warned of potential danger and, regardless of the driver’s action on the brakes, the system activates emergency braking one and a half seconds before the collision (Such a traffic safety system is available on Mercedes-Benz vehicles).

The well-known Swedish system of road safety Vision Zero (see WWWhttp: / / ru. Wikipedia. Org / wiki / Vision Zero).

As a prototype, it is proposed to adopt the well-known PRE-SAFE traffic safety system used on Mercedes-Benz cars (see the magazine “Driving”, No. 6, p. 96), which incorporates a device for tensioning seat belts and preparing brakes to work and their inclusion in the absence of preventive action by the driver, tracking sensors so that the vehicle does not intersect the continuous marking line, and a device that corrects the effect on the steering and accelerator, there is a radar system the topic of identifying critical situations of potential danger and recognizing obstacles to the movement, which includes a piezo emitter, signal receiver, signal amplifier, converter, restrictive filter, filter snout, snail contacts, actuator, battery, switch, tachometric mechanism, howler (horn ), camera, low voltage line, power line. The well-known PRE-SAFE traffic safety system used on Mercedes-Benz cars (as well as other currently existing systems: ADA from Fuji Heavylndustries, or Toyota Nissan car company) does not have a mobilizing effect on all participants on road safety Traffic and emergency stopping of vehicles in emergency situations, especially on wet and slippery road surfaces.

The objective of the present invention is the inadmissibility of fatal accidents, creating a mobilizing effect of the system on all road users in order to avoid situations fraught with collisions of vehicles, and ensuring their emergency stop in the event of an emergency, especially on wet and slippery road surfaces. Creation of conditions for compulsory keeping the size of the lateral clearance when overtaking, keeping vehicles within the radius of the road turning when bending, compulsory keeping the intervals between the vehicles during their traffic, as well as when overtaking in the oncoming lane and overtaking lane.

The technical result of the tasks is achieved by the fact that the vehicles are equipped with an emergency braking system in emergency situations, due to which, collisions of vehicles due to the brake anchor, controlled by the emergency braking system, which commands it to be ejected when emergency collision of vehicles is difficult to prevent, are eliminated . The brake anchor ejected by the emergency braking system bites into the road surface, while the resistance to vehicle movement increases sharply and it manages to stop before the moment of collision. The same vehicle stop will occur in case of improper overtaking, non-observance of intervals, when crossing continuous marking lines, at bends, in case of high vehicle speed and in other dangerous situations. In order to create a mobilizing effect of the system on all road users, the executive mechanism for ejection of the brake anchor must be sealed and each failure of the seal must be equated with an accident, then the feeling of inevitability of punishment for breaking the actuator of ejection of the brake anchor will have a mobilizing effect on road users. With an unsealed actuating mechanism for ejecting the brake anchor, a howler (horn) or light alarm should be automatically connected so that this violation is easily detected externally. And in order to be able to accurately determine the true culprit of the actuation of the actuator for ejecting the brake anchor, a camera is built into the emergency braking system, which will turn on when the actuator is actuated when the brake anchor is ejected. But if the overtaking vehicle sharply turns in front of the overtaken one, then the brake anchor of the overtaken vehicle will be ejected, which will be recorded by its camera, and the culprit who made the setup will not be able to evade responsibility for the provoked traffic accident.

Since according to the WHO, in traffic accidents in the world, 1.2 million people die annually and about 50 million are crippled (see Windows Internet Explorer), as a rule, these are young healthy people, and at the same time, many expensive construction equipment is destroyed, harm to the environment; then, therefore, our original development of the proposed invention is very important and relevant for all international engineering.

A comparable analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed emergency vehicle braking system in emergency situations is characterized in that it is equipped with a brake anchor capable of instantly stopping the vehicle, in that a camera is mounted in the emergency braking system to record the factors that created the emergency situation the movement of vehicles.

Thus, the claimed vehicle braking system in emergency situations meets the criteria of the invention of NOVELTY.

Comparison of the proposed solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this technical field did not allow us to identify in them the features that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype, which gives the right to conclude that the criterion is "SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES".

Figure 1 shows a General diagram of emergency braking of vehicles in emergency situations.

Figure 2 shows the layout diagram of the brake armature with the actuator

- front view.

Figure 3 shows the layout diagram of the brake armature with the actuator

- side view.

The emergency vehicle braking system in emergency situations will look like this: piezo emitters of three levels (1, 2, 3), signal receivers of three levels (4, 5, 6) are placed on the front of the car long, medium and short-range action to an obstacle 26. In this regard, the emergency braking system of vehicles in emergency situations has three main functional circuits containing a signal amplifier 7, a converter 8, a restriction filter 9, and a filter relay of restriction 10, which are interconnected by a low-voltage 24 and closed to ground by terminals 11. A contact relay 12 is designed to connect the functional circuit. The functional circuits are powered by an accumulator (or generator) 15, through electric power electrical wiring 25, which is connected or disconnected by the switch 13, automatically by tachometric (or other) mechanism 14, at a low speed of vehicles. To soundly alert the driver about the appearance of an obstacle 26 on the vehicle’s path, a howler (horn) 16 is included in the functional chain of the first long-range level, and to fix the factor that created the emergency situation through which the brake armature 20 was ejected, into the functional circuit of the third level ( short-range action) - camera 17. The brake armature 20 is placed on the shaft 21 in the bearings 22. The brake armature 20 is pushed into position by the lever 19 of the actuator 18. In the working position, the brake armature 20 It stops at 23 so that the force of resistance to movement does not curl it. The arrangement of the brake armature 20 with the actuator 18 is as follows (see figure 2 and figure 3). Brake anchor 20 (2 pieces or more), similar to a cultivating paw, on the lower part of which, on the back, there is a sawtooth thread 28 for better adhesion of the brake armature to the coating, when it is ejected by the actuator 18, in case of an emergency.

The brake anchor 20 has an eye, with which it is pressed onto the shaft 21 mounted in the supports 22. The supports 22 are permanently attached to the skeleton of the vehicle. With the same requirements, the actuator 18 and the stop 23 are rigidly fixed. The shaft 21 can freely rotate in bearings around its axis, but structurally fixed along it from displacement. On the shaft 21 there are cut teeth 27, with which the lever 19, of the actuator 18 engages. The lever 19 is made in the form of a gear rack: the actuator 18, by the lever 19, turning the shaft 21, brings the brake anchor 20 to working condition.

The emergency braking of vehicles in emergency situations will occur as follows. When an obstacle 26 appears on the path of the vehicle, the signal sent by the piezo emitter 1 (long-range, approximately 200 meters) is reflected by the obstacle 26 and returns to the signal receiver 4, from which it goes to the amplifier 7, then the amplified signal goes to the restrictive filter 9 and to the converter 8. If the driver does not respond to sound or light warning (does not slow down or turn the vehicle away from obstacle 26), the traffic safety system itself starts to tighten the seat belts without It reduces fuel acceleration and prepares brake discs with brake linings for braking the vehicle, this is not shown in the diagram, since this technical solution is widely known. The operation of the tracking system so that the vehicle does not cross the continuous marking line is not considered here, since this scheme is also very well known.

If the driver continues to take no measures, and the obstacle 26 enters the sensitivity zone of the medium-range system (approximately 100 meters to the obstacle), the signal of the piezo emitter 2 is reflected by the obstacle 26 and is perceived by the signal receiver 5, then everything happens according to the above example, only the signal reinforced, filtered and converted is fed to the actuator braking disks with the plates of the vehicle (not shown in the diagram), so it should stop, but if the vehicle e means further stops, and the obstacle 26 gets in signal power pezoizluchatelya zone 3 and the receiver sensitivity signal 6, i.e. level of short-range action (this is the distance of the braking path, is determined for each type of vehicle, depending on its mass), then the signal from the receiver 6 is fed to a signal amplifier 7, then the amplified signal is fed to the restrictive filter 9 and to the converter 8, and then amplified , the filtered and converted signal is supplied to the relay 10, due to the action of which the contacts of the relay 12 are activated, and the actuator 18 is connected, which, by its action lever 19 (likened to the gear rack), it engages with gear notch 27 on the shaft 21 of the brake armature 20, rotates it 45 ° and engages the brake armature 20 with its lower end with the road surface, thanks to the sawtooth thread 28, the brake armature 20 cuts its lower end into the road surface, which renders great resistance to the movement, the brake armature 20 embedded in it, due to which the vehicle stops abruptly, thereby preventing the seemingly inevitable accident. Therefore, the claimed technical solution will protect not only people from deaths and injuries, but also vehicles from destruction in emergency situations.

In the case of turns or in “traffic jams”, at a low vehicle speed (for example, as adopted from experience by Toyota Nissans), equal to 15 km / h, the vehicle’s emergency braking system is automatically disconnected from battery 15 by switch 13, controlled by a tachometric (or other) mechanism 14, which is able to change the power of the piezo emitters 1; 2; 3 and sensitivity of signal receivers 4; 5; 6, depending on the speed developed by the vehicle, with which the permitted safe travel distance from the vehicle to the obstacle 26 will vary.

In order to minimize the nodes in the functional circuits of the emergency braking system of vehicles in emergency situations, the system is equipped with a comparator (not shown in the diagram), then such nodes as signal amplifier 7, converter 8, restrictive filter, 9 and others will be used in all three functional chains without duplication at each level separately.

Claims (1)

The emergency vehicle braking system in emergency situations includes a seat belt tensioner, an automatic accelerator control device, an automatic brake disc control with overlays, tracking sensors to prevent the vehicle from crossing a continuous marking line, a radar system for identifying critical situations, potential hazards and recognizing obstacles in the path of a vehicle that incorporates piezo-emitters ee, signal receiver, signal amplifier, converter, restrictive filter, relays, relay contacts, battery, switch and howler-horn, characterized in that it contains a brake armature, similar to a cultivating foot, the lower part of which is equipped with a sawtooth thread for the best the clutch of the working part of the brake anchor with the road surface at the initial moment of their contact and emergency braking of the vehicle in emergency situations, while the system is equipped with an actuator m to automatically turn on the brake anchor.

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