RU2436412C1 - Method for production of milk stock for functional products manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to dairy industry, in particular, to purification and preparation of milk stock contaminated with lead at a concentration of (1.1Ç4.0)0.1 of MAC, down to concentration 0.5 MAC and lower; the method includes sequential contact with a polypefan sorbent and an enterosorbent introduced into the milk at a ratio of 0.3:1000 and 1+0.01Ç0.05:1000 accordingly, contacting is performed under stirring conditions at a temperature of 6C during 5 minutes, the enterosorbent is represented by tetacinum-calcium powder. ^ EFFECT: method allows to deliver the total volume of milk stock supplied to a milk-processing enterprise for production of functional milk products with enhanced adsorption properties. ^ 2 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the dairy industry, in particular to the preparation of raw milk contaminated with lead at concentrations of 0.5 MPC and lower, which will allow directing the entire volume of raw milk supplied to milk processing enterprises to produce environmentally friendly functional dairy products with enhanced adsorption properties.

Lead, entering the human body from numerous sources, has a mutagenic, carcinogenic, toxic effect [1, 2, 3]. Lead is a potent toxic element that cumulatively accumulates in the body throughout life. It was found that 50% of the lead in the air passes into milk powder. A significant proportion of lead enters the body with milk. Lead is the main anthropogenic element from the group of heavy metals due to high industrial pollution and emissions of road transport [4]. Lead is one of the most famous poisons and plays a very prominent role among modern toxicants [2, 5].

Lead is found in micro quantities almost everywhere. Soils typically contain 2 to 200 mg / kg of lead. Large deposits of lead ores are found in many parts of the world. The main states with lead ore reserves are the USA, Russia, Australia, China, Bulgaria, Canada, and some others. The world production of lead at present is more than 7 million tons. The widespread use of lead by man is explained by the ease of its separation from ores.

Lead is used in the form of metal and in the form of its chemical compounds. Currently, the list of applications for lead is very wide: chemical engineering, nuclear industry, production of electric cables, enamels, putties, varnishes, pyrotechnic products, matches, plastics, etc. The largest share of mined lead is used for the manufacture of lead batteries for automobiles, electric vehicles and other purposes. It is traditionally used for the manufacture of bullets and shells, for soldering cans, in the manufacture of engines, in printing. Lead oxide is used for the manufacture of white oxide, lead red lead, and glazing of ceramic products. Lead salts are widely used in the manufacture of glass products, for the manufacture of high-quality crystal, television tubes and fluorescent lamps.

As a result of human production activities, 500-600 thousand tons of lead annually fall into natural waters, and about 450 thousand tons are emitted into the atmosphere in a processed and finely dispersed state, the vast majority of which settles on the Earth's surface. The main source of atmospheric pollution with lead is the exhaust gases of vehicles (260 thousand tons) and the burning of coal (about 30 thousand tons). It is known that many plants accumulate lead, which is transmitted through food chains and is found in meat and milk of farm animals, especially the active accumulation of lead occurs near industrial centers and major highways.

Daily intake of lead in the human body with food - 0.1-0.5 mg, with water - 0.02 mg. The lead content (in mg / kg) in various products is as follows: fruits 0.6-3.8; vegetables 0.6-4.5; cereals 0.03-22.0; bakery products 0.03-8.2; meat and fish 0.1-36; milk 0.01-4.5. In the human body, an average of 10% of the incoming lead is absorbed, in children - 30-40%. From the blood, lead enters the soft tissues and bones, where it is deposited in the form of triphosphate [2, 5, 6].

When processing products, the main source of lead input is a can, which is used for packaging from 10 to 15% of food products. Lead enters the product from lead solder in the seams of the can. It has been established that about 20% of lead in the daily diet of people (except for children under 1 year old) comes from canned products, including 13 to 14% from solder, and the remaining 6 ... 7% from the product itself.

After entering the circulatory system, lead is carried throughout the body, including in blood cells and plasma. In blood, lead is mainly included in red blood cells, where its concentration is almost 16 times higher than in plasma. A certain amount of lead enters the brain, but does not accumulate much there. It has been established that the half-life of biological decay for lead is 5 years in the body, and 10 years in human bones [2, 5, 6].

The main targets when exposed to lead are the hematopoietic, nervous and digestive systems, as well as the kidneys. Acute lead poisoning manifests itself in the form of gastrointestinal upsets. Following a loss of appetite, dyspepsia, constipation, colic can follow. Lead intoxication can lead to serious health problems, manifested in frequent headaches, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, poor sleep, muscle hypotension, and in the most severe cases, paralysis, paresis, and mental retardation. Malnutrition, a deficiency in the diet of calcium, phosphorus, iron, pectins, proteins increase the absorption of lead, and therefore its toxicity. The allowable daily dose (DSD) of lead is 0.007 mg / kg; the MPC value in drinking water is 0.05 mg / l; the MPC value in milk is 0.1 mg / l [2, 5, 6].

Lead poisoning is usually a chronic form in practically healthy people with periodically manifested symptoms (irritability, sleep disturbances, headaches), while there is a high risk of long-term consequences associated with brain damage. Removal of toxic metals from the human body is a serious problem, since the action of binding agents should be quite specific, not affecting the course of other natural processes in the body. The introduction of plant fiber into products leads to poor absorption of biologically important calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and other elements from these products [7, 8].

It is known that in medicine for poisoning, acute and chronic diseases with heavy metals, complexing drugs are used in doses of 0.15–4.00 g per day [9].

Closest to the proposed solution is a method of purification of raw milk from lead [10] through the use of polyphepan powder as a sorbent. Polyphepan powder is introduced into milk in a ratio of 0.3: 1000, the contact is carried out at a temperature of 6 ° C for 5 minutes with stirring, then the sorbent is cleaned by centrifugal method on a milk separator.

The main disadvantages of this method of purification of raw milk are the low efficiency of the sorbent, incomplete purification from lead, reaching a concentration of 0.5 MAC; concentration of residual elements in skim milk, whey, buttermilk, which in many cases is an obstacle to the processing of secondary raw materials; and the problem of removing from the body the lead that has already accumulated in it is not solved.

A simpler and more effective way to obtain raw milk for the production of environmentally friendly functional dairy products with enhanced adsorption properties is to use the medicine tetacin-calcium as an enterosorbent.

Our proposed solution will allow us to direct the entire volume of raw milk received at dairy enterprises, regardless of the initial lead content in it, to the production of functional dairy products with enhanced adsorption properties, and also to use this method to reduce the incidence in large industrial regions, regions, injured in connection with accidents at nuclear power plants, in areas with poor environmental conditions.

Functional nutritional foods have nutritional value, the ability to improve human health and increase the body's resistance to disease. The composition of such products includes dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamins, trace elements and other substances [2, 5].

Functional nutrition products are not medicines and are intended for daily use in order to optimize the functions of the human body [2, 5, 6].

The aim of the invention is to develop a method for producing raw milk contaminated with lead at a concentration of 0.5 MPC and lower for the production of functional products and giving them adsorption properties, while the use of functional products derived from the obtained raw milk will allow lead to be adsorbed from the human body , preventing intoxication and removing lead from other sources from the body.

The essence of the invention lies in the use of an “in vivo” sorbent as an enterosorbent, i.e. inside the body, - tetacin-calcium, which forms complex compounds with lead ions with the formation of low-toxic water-soluble compounds that are rapidly excreted from the body. Moreover, in milk, tetacin-calcium or calcium-disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid forms a synergistic associate of “unidirectional” action with other bioactive substances of milk [4], which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of enterosorbent hundreds of times.

The technical result is expressed in the receipt of raw milk, reassigned for the production of functional foods, correcting the violation of the physiological functions of a healthy person with chronic lead intoxication.

The technical result is achieved in that a decrease in the concentration of lead in raw milk to 0.5 MPC and lower with a degree of purification (70 ... 90) ± 1%, assimilation of a lead element from produced functional dairy products 0%, elimination of lead from the body (195 ... 197) ± 1%.

The introduced amount of enterosorbent is determined on the basis of the chemical composition of the raw material based on its chemical analysis based on: 1 g + C per 1 ton of raw milk,

where C is the content of residual lead, g / t.

The lead content in milk and in milk purified by a sorbent is determined by inversion voltammetry on a TA-2 device according to GOST R 51301-99.

The proposed method is carried out as follows: enterosorbent — tetacin-calcium powder — in the ratio of 1 + 0.01 ... 0.05: 1000 of the raw milk is added to the raw milk contaminated with lead at a concentration of 0.5 MPC and lower. Contact is carried out at a temperature of 6 ° C for 5 min with stirring.

If raw milk is contaminated with lead in a concentration of (1.1 ... 4.0) ± 0.1 MAC, then the cleaning of raw milk from lead is carried out according to the method [10] by using polyphepan powder as a sorbent. Polyphepan powder is introduced into milk in a ratio of 0.3: 1000, the contact is carried out at a temperature of 6 ° C for 5 minutes with stirring, then the sorbent is purified, which is carried out by a centrifugal method on a milk separator.

Example 1. In raw milk containing lead at a concentration of 1.19 ± 0.1 MAC, add sorbent - polyphepan powder - in the ratio of 0.3: 1000, the contact is carried out at a temperature of 6 ° C for 5 min with stirring, cleaning from the sorbent is carried out by a centrifugal method on a milk separator.

In purified milk, the lead content is determined by inversion voltammetry on a TA-2 device according to GOST R 51301-99.

Table 1 Lead content in raw milk and milk purified by sorbent - polyphepan powder The content of cadmium in raw milk Polyphepan amount Contact Duration, min The content of cadmium in raw milk The degree of purification,% MPC mg / dm ³ MPC mg / dm ³ 1.19 ± 0.1 0.119 ± 0.029 0.3 ± 0.01 5 0.28 ± 0.01 0.28 ± 0.01 76 ± 1

From table 1 it follows that the lead content in purified milk is 0.28 ± 0.01 MPC, the degree of purification of 76 ± 1%.

Enterosorbent - thetetacin-calcium powder - in the ratio of 1.028: 1000 is introduced into the obtained raw milk containing lead at a concentration of 0.28 ± 0.01 MAC; the contact is carried out at a temperature of 6 ° C for 5 min with stirring. The resulting raw milk is sent to the production of functional food products.

Example 2. In raw milk containing lead at a concentration of 3.88 ± 0.1 MAC, add sorbent - polyphepan powder - in the ratio of 0.3: 1000, the contact is carried out at a temperature of 6 ° C for 5 min with stirring, cleaning from the sorbent is carried out by a centrifugal method on a milk separator.

In purified milk, the lead content is determined by inversion voltammetry on a TA-2 device according to GOST R 51301-99.

table 2 Lead content in raw milk and milk purified by sorbent - polyphepan powder The content of cadmium in raw milk Polyphepan amount Contact Duration, min The content of cadmium in raw milk The degree of purification,% MPC mg / dm ³ MPC mg / dm ³ 3.88 ± 0.1 0.388 ± 0.089 0.3 ± 0.01 5 0.4 ± 0.1 0.04 ± 0.009 90 ± 1

From table 2 it follows that the lead content in purified milk is 0.4 ± 0.01 MPC, the degree of purification of 90 ± 1%.

Enterosorbent - thetetacin-calcium powder - in the ratio of 1.04: 1000 is added to the obtained raw milk containing lead at a concentration of 0.4 ± 0.01 MAC; the contact is carried out at a temperature of 6 ° C for 5 min with stirring.

Example 3. Enterosorbent — tetacin-calcium powder — in the ratio of 1.03: 1000 is added to raw milk containing lead at a concentration of 0.3 ± 0.1 MAC; the contact is carried out at a temperature of 6 ° C for 5 min with stirring .

The resulting raw milk is sent to the production of functional food products.

Information sources

1. The modern medical encyclopedia, ed. R. Burke. - St. Petersburg: NORINT, 2003 .-- 1236 p.

2. Food Chemistry / Ed. Nechaeva A.P. - St. Petersburg: GIORD, 2003 .-- 640 p.

3.http: //window.edu.ru/window_caratog/pdf2txt?p_id=1399&p_page=6.

4. Skalny A.V., Rudakov I.A., Notova S.V., Skalny V.V. et al. Bioelementology: basic concepts and terms. - Orenburg: GOU OGU, 2005 .-- 50 p.

5. Donchenko L.V., Nadykta V.D. The safety of food raw materials and food. - M.: Food Industry, 1999. - 352 p.

6. Donchenko L.V., Nadykta V.D. Food Safety. - M .: Pishchepromizdat, 2001 .-- 528 p.

7. Kapustin A.A. Development of rational schemes for the processing of dairy raw materials with different contents of heavy metals: Abstract. diss. Cand. tech. sciences / Sev KavSTU. - Stavropol, 2002 .-- 24 p.

8. Kapustin A.A., Frampolskaya T.V. Purification of dairy raw materials by sorbents of plant origin // Valeology. - 2001. - No. 1. - S. 62-63.

9. Mashkovsky D.M. Medicines, v.2. - M .: New wave, 2003 .-- 608 p.

10. Patent RU №2326549 C2, class. A23L 1/015, 2006. Method for the purification of raw milk from lead.

Claims (1)

A method of producing raw milk for the production of functional products with enhanced adsorption properties, including adding a sorbent to the raw milk, using polyphepan powder in a ratio of 0.3: 1000 as a sorbent, the contact is carried out at a temperature of 6 ° C for 5 min with stirring, the raw milk contaminated with lead at a concentration of (1.1-4.0) ± 0.1 MPC is subjected to cleaning, the purification is carried out to a concentration of 0.5 MPC and lower, the sorbent is purified by centrifugal treatment on a cold-milk separator-cleaner and, characterized in that enterosorbent is introduced into milk raw materials contaminated with lead at a concentration of 0.5 MPC and lower, tetetacin-calcium powder in a ratio of 1 + 0.01 ... 0.05: 1000 is used as enterosorbent, contact is carried out at at a temperature of 6 ° C for 5 min with stirring.