RU2423809C1 - Strip disc subsurface chisel cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: tool comprises a hitch tongue and a frame with several fixed transverse bars. There are movable fixed vertical stands with axes at the ends and spherical discs installed on axes with the possibility of rotation, all mounted on bars. Discs have a controlled angle of attack and are arranged on transverse bars frontally along grip width. Disks on the first and second transverse bars are arranged with concave or convex sides accordingly in opposite directions and form the first paired row of discs. Each subsequent disc is displaced in transverse direction relative to the previous disc towards non-cultivated strip of soil by value equal to the quotient from division of a disc-to-disc distance by a number of transverse bars. Discs are inclined towards a vertical plane. The tool has adjustable front and rear wheels, besides, the front ones are only used in working mode. Front wheels, vertical stands with axes at the ends and spherical discs installed on axes with the possibility of rotation are arranged as detachable. Disc-to-disc distances at each transverse bar are equal to 400-640 mm. There are fixed pairs of brackets with holes between sliding bearings of vertical stands in spherical discs on each second transverse bar of paired rows. Paraplough stands are installed in holes of brackets, and at their lower ends there are fixed channel shapers or cultivating elements. Length of paraplough stands is such that it ensures formation of slots and channels or cultivated strips in non-cultivated soil for the depth from 250 to 500 mm. Variation of working elements operation depth may be controlled by an angle of attack, front and rear wheels, and also by several pairs of holes in paraplough stands with an interval of 50 mm.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to improve air-water exchange of topsoil and subsurface by provision of simultaneous cultivation of topsoil and damage of soil shoe.

3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, mainly to tillage implements with passive working bodies, and can be used in agriculture for steam and post-harvest cultivation of the arable layer of the soil with the simultaneous destruction of the plow sole.

A tillage implement is known, including a frame with an earring, left and right bars, pivotally mounted with inner ends on the frame, and supported on wheel carriages with outer ends. The outer ends of the bars are also connected to the frame by rods. Disc bars are movably fixed to the bars by leashes, consisting of a shaft on which concave-convex discs are installed, separated by spacer sleeves (Hydraulic-powered disk cultivator LDG-10. Assembly and operation manual).

The disadvantages of the indicated technical solution of the tillage implement are that when the soil is cultivated with a sufficiently large amount of crop residues, as well as growing vegetation, they are wound onto a single axis of the disk battery and then clogged with soil, which makes the unit inoperative. It is necessary to stop the tillage implement and to clean its working bodies of the clogged plant matter and soil clogged between the disks. Also known is a cultivator-ploskorez cultivating implement, including a frame supported by adjustable support wheels, racks with flat-cutting legs mounted on the frame by means of bolted joints, on which the right and left plowshares with a chisel are mounted. On the upper rear part of all the uprights, an arm with an adjusting screw is fixedly fixed, which sets the working angle of the flat-cut legs (technical description and instruction manual for the KPSh-9 flat-cutter cultivator).

The depth of the cultivated soil with this implement varies from 7 to 18 cm. Thus, only the arable layer of the soil is processed. Therefore, the disadvantage of this tillage tool is also the impossibility of destroying the plow sole.

Closest to the invention is a tillage implement, which we adopted as a prototype, including a frame, with transverse bars fixed to it in several rows, on which movable vertical racks with axes at the ends are mounted and spherical disks mounted on the axles are rotatable, while the disks have adjustable angle of attack and are located frontally along the width of the grip, in addition, the disks on the first and second bars are installed with concave or convex sides, respectively, in opposite directions and the image the first pair of discs, in the next adjacent pair of discs, respectively, the discs are mounted opposite to the discs of the first pair of discs, and each subsequent disc is shifted in the transverse direction relative to the previous disc in the direction of the unprimed first row of discs of the inter-disc strip of land by an amount equal to the quotient of the division of the inter-disc t by the number of rows of the transverse bars n, while they have an inclination to a vertical plane (patent RU No. 2185044, A01B 21/08). The depth to which the soil is processed with this implement is 5-18 cm, that is, only the arable soil layer is processed.

The disadvantage of the above tools is the inability to destroy the plow sole, which is universally formed as a result of multiple passes through the fields of tractors, combines and other mobile equipment. In dense and solid subsoil soil, the vital activity of soil microflora is significantly reduced, the water-air exchange of the arable layer of the soil with a deeper soil is disrupted, which leads to a decrease in crop productivity by 20-40%. The disadvantage of this tillage implement is that during operation, despite the installation of special seals, dust, particles of soil, fine sand, etc., get into the gap between the inner diameters of the sliding bearings and the upper part of the vertical posts with axes at the ends. This leads to jamming of the bearing assembly, making it stationary. Often this cannot be fixed. It is necessary to completely cut off this bearing assembly together with the upright and replace them with new ones.

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages, as well as providing simultaneously with the processing of the arable soil layer, the destruction of the plow sole and the improvement of the water-air exchange of the arable and subsurface layers of the earth; increase the functionality of the gun; simplification of the conversion process (according to the needs of the user); increasing the reliability of tillage tools and reducing the cost of work performed.

The purpose of the invention is achieved by the fact that the known tillage implement includes a frame with transverse bars fixed to it, on which vertical racks are movably mounted with axes at the ends and spherical disks mounted on the axles for rotation. Moreover, the disks have an adjustable angle of attack α and are located on the transverse bars frontally along the working width. In addition, the disks on the first and second bars are arranged with concave or convex sides, respectively, in opposite directions and form a pair of disks. In subsequent paired rows, the disks are mounted respectively opposite to the first paired row, and each subsequent disk is displaced in the transverse direction relative to the previous disk towards the uncultivated land by an amount equal to the quotient of dividing the inter-disk distance a by the number of transverse bars n. Moreover, the disks have an inclination to a vertical plane at an angle β. According to the invention, adjustable front and rear wheels are fixed on the frame, the front wheels being used only in the operating mode. Front wheels, uprights with axles at the ends and spherical disks mounted on the axles with the possibility of rotation are removable. The inter-disc distance a on each transverse beam is 400 or 640 mm. The bearings of the vertical struts with axes at the ends are made in the form of two bearing washers fixed motionlessly and coaxially on the upper and lower walls of the transverse bars. Moreover, the diameter of the lower bearing washers is larger than the diameter of the upper bearing washers. The upper part of the vertical struts with axes at the ends is made stepped under the upper and lower bearing washers, respectively. The vertical struts in the bearing washers are fixed by means of washers and bolts, and the diameter of the washers is larger than the diameter of the holes of the upper bearing washers. The length of the stepped part of the uprights is such that after they are installed in the bearing washers of the transverse bars and secured by means of washers and bolts, we obtain a fastener assembly, the rigidity of which corresponds to the rigidity when using bearing bushings. Between the sliding bearings of the vertical struts of the disks on each second transverse bar of the paired rows of disks, pairs of brackets with holes are fixedly fixed. In the brackets, you can install racks of slotting machines, at the lower ends of which are fixedly mounted channel formers or ripping elements. Moreover, the length of the racks of the slotting machines is such that it provides the formation of cracks and channels or loosened strips in untreated soil to a depth of 250 mm to 500 mm. Changing the depth of work of the working bodies can be controlled by the angle of attack α, the front and rear wheels, as well as several pairs of holes in the racks of slotting machines with an interval of 50 mm. Starting from the leftmost sliding bearing of one of the two first transverse bars of the first or second pairs of series of disks at a distance of ^{_one quarter} of a him first bracket fixedly provided with holes, then to the right of this bracket through two plain bearing. Just at a distance _^1/4 from the latter a sliding bearing of the two second bracket fixedly secured to holes and so - to the end of the cross beam. Next, on the remaining first cross beam of the first or second pairs of series of disks, also starting from the leftmost sliding bearing at a distance _^3/4 a, fixedly mounted first on this cross beam bracket with holes, then to the right through the two plain bearing at a distance _^3/4 a from the last of the two plain bearings, the second bracket with holes is also fixedly fixed, and so on to the end of this transverse beam. On the brackets with holes by means of bolted joints, racks with flat-cutting legs are installed. Right and left shares and chisels are mounted on the racks, and each bracket in the upper rear part is fixedly mounted bracket with an adjusting screw for setting the working angle of the plane-cutting legs.

These differences are significant, since the use of removable vertical posts with axles at the ends and mounted on the axles with the possibility of rotation of spherical disks in the tillage implement, installation of these stands on brackets with openings of racks with plane-cutting legs, on which right and left shares and chisels are mounted , allows you to expand the functionality of the tillage implement, thereby increasing its annual load, which will significantly reduce the depreciation component when changes in the cost of production. The introduction into the tillage tool of slotting machines with channel formers or loosening elements with a variable depth of tillage allows the formation of slots with channels at the bottom of the slit in the plow sole or loosening of the strip in the soil at different depths. That will ensure the supply at different depths of rain or other water into a dense and hard plow sole, which impregnates it in the summer-autumn period, making it moist, moist, and in the autumn-winter period such soil freezes, swells and expands, thereby loosening the plow sole , which after thawing maintains a loosened state, while having a monolithic structure, which in the first half of summer, when the air is especially dry, provides a sharp decrease in moisture removal from the soil as a result of air exchange between soil and air. This allows plants to more successfully survive the drought of this period before the onset of rains, while the continuous deep loosening of the plow sole forms its blocky structure, which has increased air exchange, which leads to much greater moisture removal from the soil. Using the design of sliding bearings in the form of two bearing washers, in which the hole diameter of the upper bearing washers is smaller and the diameter of the lower is larger, fixed motionless and coaxially on the lower and upper walls of the transverse bars, as well as the manufacture of the mounting part of the vertical struts is stepped, where the upper installation the diameter of the stepped part of the vertical strut corresponds to the diameter of the upper bearing washer, and accordingly, the lower mounting diameter of the mounting part of the vertical st the bearing is equal to the hole diameter of the lower bearing washer, after assembly of these parts it is possible to obtain a unit whose rigidity corresponds to the stiffness when using a solid bearing sleeve, and also because the bearing washers are much shorter in length than the bearing bushings, eliminate jamming as a result of getting into the gap between the bearing washers and the stepped part of the vertical racks of dust, particles of soil, fine sand, etc. This design of the bearing assembly also provides quick disassembly and assembly, if necessary, repair and change of working bodies.

The proposed tillage tool allows you to create conditions for the destruction of the plow sole by natural cold in the winter season, while in general it is spent 6-8 times less energy than with the traditional method of destroying the plow sole - deep loosening.

Using this low-energy approach to destroy the plow sole allows you to develop designs of high-performance tillage tools to destroy the plow sole and use them everywhere.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the layout in the tillage tool discs and racks of slotting machines.

Figure 2 shows the arrangement in the tillage tool racks with flat-cut legs and racks of slotting machines.

Figure 3 shows a tillage implement, side view with discs and racks of slotting.

Figure 4 shows a tillage implement, a side view with ploskorezhayuschimi paws and uprights slotters.

Figure 5 shows a disk working body.

Figure 6 shows the rack of the slot machine with a channel former.

Figure 7 shows the rack of the slot machine with ripping elements.

On Fig shows a rack with a flat-cutting paw, with mounted plowshares and a chisel.

The tillage implement comprises a frame 1, a trailer 2, front removable wheels 3, rear transport wheels 4, transverse bars 5, with sliding bearings 6 fixed to them; made in the form of upper bearing washers 7 and lower bearing washers 8, in which vertical racks 10 with axles 11 are installed and secured by washers 12 and bolts 13. On vertical racks 10 with axles 11, spherical disks 14 are mounted for rotation. At the upper ends of each racks 10 of spherical disks 14 are secured by leashes 15, which, in turn, are pivotally connected to a rod 16, which is installed with the possibility of movement and fixation along the transverse bars 5. Spherical disks 14 are mounted with a variable angle of attack α and angle m inclination β. Simultaneously with the sliding bearings 6, on each second transverse beam 5 of the pair of rows of disks 14, it is fixed, between adjacent sliding bearings 6, paired brackets with holes 17 are fixed, in which racks are provided with grooves 18 or 19, at the lower ends of which canalders 20 or rippers are fixedly mounted elements 21, and the length of the racks of the slotting machines is such that it provides the formation of a gap and a channel or a loosened strip in the soil untreated with disks to a depth of 250 to 500 mm. The depth is controlled by changing the angle of attack of the disks α, the front and rear wheels, and several pairs of holes in the struts of the slotting machines 18 and 19 with an interval of 50 mm. The distance between the racks of the slitters 18 and 19 is selected based on the available data on the amount of rainfall in the area. For example: according to the results of research by scientists of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Agricultural Academy in the zone of Western Siberia, the amount of precipitation in the second half of summer and early autumn is such that it allows to wet a monolithic soil layer between the nearest slots by 300-800 mm. Therefore, we adopted the guaranteed option - the layer thickness of the soil being wetted is a multiple of 200-260 mm.

Tillage tool works as follows. Before starting work, depending on the required depth of tillage and the condition of the agricultural background (the presence of plant debris, moisture, soil density, etc.), by moving the rods 16 and turning the racks 10 with spherical disks 14 by means of leashes 15, an angle of attack α of spherical disks 14. Depending on the predicted parameters, after-harvest rainfall, or on the basis of average annual rainfall, the installation distance of the racks of slitters 18 or 19 is chosen, and in more arid zones, tillage should be done fected with kanaloobrazovatelyami uprights 20, and if the soil treatment zone is less subject to spring-summer drought, better use with drains 19 schelevateli scarifying elements 21.

When the implement moves forward, due to the fact that the spherical disks 14 on the first and second transverse bars 5 are installed with concave or convex sides, respectively, in opposite directions, each subsequent spherical disk 14 separates the soil layer from the monolith and moves it towards the furrow. The inclination of the spherical disks 14 to a vertical plane at an angle β provides crumbling of the cut soil layer and its shift, as well as the incorporation of crop residues. Thus, the cultivation of the arable layer of the soil. Destruction of the plow sole is carried out by struts of slotting machines 18 or 19, respectively, with channel formers 20 or ripping elements 21, which are installed in paired brackets with holes 17 fixed on the second bars of paired rows of discs. The depth of the racks is set based on the density of the soil and traction capabilities of the tractor from 250 mm to 500 mm. Rain or other water penetrates the formed slots with channels or loosened soil strips, impregnating the plow sole, making it moist and moist. In the autumn-winter period, such soil freezes, expanding, loosens, and in the spring-summer period it thaws, while maintaining a loosened structure. This allows plants to develop the root system in this part of the soil, and rain or other water in the future is easier to seep into its deeper layers. In drought, on the contrary, soil water is supplied to the roots of plants from deeper layers of the soil.

If necessary, instead of the dismantled vertical struts 10 with axles 11 and mounted on the axes with the possibility of rotation of the spherical disks 14, on the first transverse bars 5 of the first and second paired rows of spherical disks 14, racks 23 with flat-cut legs 24 are installed on the brackets 22 with holes, on which are mounted right and left ploughshare 25 and chisel 26 (figures 4 and 8). Brackets 27 with adjusting screws 28 are also fixed on the racks 23 for setting the working angle of the flat-cutting legs 24. The working process with these working bodies of the tillage implement is similar to that described above, except that before starting work with screw mechanisms 29 and 30, adjusting the working depth of the workers bodies of the front wheels 3 and rear wheels 4, respectively, a predetermined depth of tillage is set. Such a cultivating tool is best used for processing fields in steppe zones with insufficient and unstable moisture and soils prone to wind erosion, as well as in the absence of large accumulations of crop residues in the fields.

Thus, the proposed tillage tool allows you to create conditions for the destruction of the plow sole using the expansion effect in the process of freezing wet soil, and freezing is carried out by natural cold, that is, without special costs, which reduces the energy consumption for the destruction of the plow sole by 6-8 times compared with deep loosening.

Destruction of the plow sole provides restoration of water-air exchange of the upper (arable) and deeper layers of the soil and soil, increases the coefficient of infiltration by 2-3 times, and in the dry period ensures the supply of groundwater through capillaries to the roots of plants, resulting in increased agricultural productivity crops up to 20-40%.

Claims (3)

1. A tillage implement, including a frame with a tongue and wheels fixed on it with transverse bars, on which movable vertical racks with axes at the ends are mounted and spherical disks mounted on the axles with the possibility of rotation, while the disks have an adjustable angle of attack α and are located on the transverse bars frontally along the working width, in addition, the disks on the first and second transverse bars are arranged with concave or convex sides, respectively, in opposite directions and form the first pair of disco rows , and each subsequent disk is shifted in the transverse direction relative to the previous disk towards the untreated strip of land by an amount equal to the quotient of dividing the inter-disk distance a by the number of transverse bars n, while the disks are inclined to a vertical plane by an angle β, characterized in that four transverse beams are fixed to the frame, adjustable front and rear wheels, and the front wheels are used only in operating mode, while the front wheels, vertical struts with axles at the ends and mounted on spherical disks are rotatable with removable rotation, the inter-disk distances are 400-640 mm on each transverse beam, pairs of brackets with holes are installed fixedly between the sliding bearings of the vertical racks of spherical disks on each second transverse bar of paired rows of spherical disks , at the lower ends of which canal formers or ripping elements are fixedly mounted, moreover, the length of the racks of the slotting machines is such that it ensures the formation of gaps and channels sowing or loosening strips in untreated soil to a depth of 250 to 500 mm, while the change in the depth of the working bodies can be controlled by the angle of attack α, the front and rear wheels, as well as several pairs of holes in the racks of slotting machines with an interval of 50 mm. 2. The tillage implement according to claim 1, characterized in that each sliding bearing is made in the form of two bearing washers fixed motionlessly and coaxially on the upper and lower walls of the transverse bars, the diameter of the lower bearing washers being larger than the diameter of the upper bearing washers, the fastening of which with bolts and washers with the upper stepped parts of the uprights with axes at the ends form a mounting unit, the rigidity of which corresponds to the rigidity when using a solid bearing sleeve. 3. The tillage implement according to claim 1, characterized in that starting from the leftmost sliding bearing of any of the two first transverse bars of the first or second pair of rows of spherical disks at a distance ^of _1/4 and the first bracket with holes is fixedly fixed from it, then to the right of of this bracket through two plain bearings also at a distance ^of _1/4 and from the last plain bearing of two the second bracket is fixedly fixed with holes and so on to the end of this transverse beam, then on the remaining first pope the river beam of the first or second pair of rows of spherical disks also starting from the leftmost plain bearing at a distance ^of _3/4 and the first bracket with holes is fixedly fixed on this transverse beam, then to the right through two plain bearings at a distance ^of _3/4 a from the last of the two bearings the second bracket with holes is also fixed motionlessly, and so on until the end of this transverse beam, racks with flat-cutting legs are installed on the brackets with holes through bolted joints, on which The right and left plowshares with chisels are mounted, and at each rack in the upper rear part the bracket with an adjusting screw is fixedly fixed for setting the working angle of the flat-cut legs.

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