RU2423616C2 - System of compressed air production and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: system of an aircraft gas turbine start-up comprises a hydrogen-oxygen generator to produce superheated steam, which is either directly supplied into the gas turbine to spin it to a rotation speed, which will be sufficient to produce such an extent of air compression, which ensures the gas turbine operation on fuel, or the superheated steam is supplied into the compressed air generator to produce compressed air to be supplied into the compressed air system.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to facilitate the gas turbine start-up.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a compressed air production system, in particular to a system for producing compressed air from superheated steam for providing a compressed air system for an aircraft and for starting a gas turbine, for example, an aircraft engine.

The gas turbine must be set in rotation at a sufficient speed so that the compression ratio becomes sufficient for its operation on fuel. Currently, gas turbines are predominantly started by mechanical starting devices, which can be driven by a starting motor or a pneumatic drive.

However, an autonomous electric start of a gas turbine, for example, an aircraft engine, requires a very large power consumption and the use of a heavy starting electric motor. Pneumatic start-up requires a very large flow of compressed air, which is difficult to provide with a mobile unit.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a system that could provide an easy start to a gas turbine, for example, an aircraft engine.

The solution to this problem is provided by the system of the invention, which is characterized by the use of a steam generator, in particular a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator, which can ensure the production of sufficiently large quantities of high pressure steam. Then this steam or a hot mixture of steam and supplied air can be used to start a gas turbine, for example, an aircraft engine. In this case, there is no need for auxiliary installations that have been used up to now, for example, in a starting motor. Alternatively, the generated steam can also be supplied directly to the compressed air system.

When using H2 / O2 steam generators with a high specific power for starting engines or gas turbines, the weight of the aircraft can be significantly reduced compared to the use of a starting electric motor.

In accordance with another embodiment of the inventive system, the steam generated by the H2 / O2 steam generator is supplied to a compressed air generator comprising a steam turbine and a compressor to produce the required amount of compressed air, which can be used to start a stationary or mobile gas turbine or can be supplied into the compressed air system.

The principle of operation of H2 / O2 steam generators is simple, and their specific power is high so that a launcher using such a steam generator can be especially useful in areas where a low weight of the installation, high efficiency and high availability factor are required.

Instead of pure oxygen, air or a mixture of air and oxygen can be used in an H2 / O2 steam generator. However, this leads to an increase in NOx emission.

In accordance with the invention, it is possible to replace a turbine driven by an oncoming air flow, since it can be replaced by an installation comprising an H2 / O2 steam generator and a steam turbine that can drive the generator and / or maintain pressure in the hydraulic system or in the hot compressed air system. Thus, in accordance with the invention, a reduction in weight and an increase in efficiency are achieved in comparison with traditional turbines driven by a free air flow.

Since H2 / O2 steam generators can produce large quantities of high pressure steam, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention, it is possible to use the steam produced by the H2 / O2 steam generator to drive a steam turbine, which in turn is used to drive a compressed air generator for compressed air systems . Possible applications may relate, for example, to compressed air systems of vehicles, in particular aircraft. The system proposed in the invention is especially useful in cases where there is no external energy source, and when high efficiency is required.

The steam generator system according to the invention can be used, for example, in the anti-icing system of an aircraft (for removing ice from aerodynamic surfaces). To date, such compressed air systems have used hot compressed air, which was taken at the engine outlet. Such systems are not used continuously throughout the flight, but only at the stages of climb and descent, when there is a danger of ice formation. However, the selection of compressed air from the engines leads to a loss of power, an increase in fuel consumption and, consequently, to an increased take-off weight of the aircraft. The efficiency of anti-icing systems that operate on compressed air taken from the engines is low, and therefore the replacement and / or support of these systems by the system proposed in the invention may be appropriate. In this case, compressed air is obtained using a compressed air generator operating on superheated steam (for example, a steam turbine with a compressor). Additionally, it is possible to mix superheated steam with air and / or to cool it with air and the direct use of steam.

Due to the high efficiency of the system of the invention, the weight of the de-icing system and the aircraft as a whole can be reduced. Thus, the efficiency of the system can be improved, and the emission of harmful gases can be reduced.

Compressed air produced by the system of the invention can also be used in other compressed air systems, in particular in an air conditioning system, instead of using air taken from the engine. With such a device, we can talk about the complete replacement or support of traditional systems (for example, during periods of peak loads, in particular with a rapid drop in pressure). In the system proposed in the invention, compressed air is obtained using a compressed air generator operating on superheated steam (for example, a steam turbine with a compressor).

Below, with reference to the drawing, a preferred embodiment of the system of the invention is described. The drawing shows a block diagram of a preferred option proposed in the invention system for use on an aircraft.

As can be seen in the drawing, the system 1 is characterized in particular in that the hydrogen-oxygen steam generator 2 generates superheated steam, which is used to support the compressed air system of the aircraft and the launcher for starting the engine, as described below.

Hydrogen-oxygen steam generator 2 is a known device that is used for steam sterilization of food products, packaging materials, medical instruments, textiles and solutions, as well as for the production of clean water in the pharmaceutical industry.

In a hydrogen-oxygen generator 2, a controlled reaction of hydrogen with oxygen (or with air) is carried out to produce steam. In particular, in the hydrogen-oxygen steam generator 2, in accordance with the principle of operation of the rocket engine, a stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen mixture is created and controlled combustion of this mixture is carried out to generate steam.

As can be seen in the drawing, the system also contains a cooling unit 3 for supplying water or air to the produced steam, as a result of which it becomes possible to obtain the necessary characteristics of pure steam. Using the cooling unit 3, the required steam characteristics can be obtained in a very short time. The advantages of such a superheated steam generator 2 are a high degree of steam purity, a high availability factor, the ability to control state parameters and small sizes.

In accordance with the invention, using a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator 2 and a cooling unit 3, the steam temperature can be set in the range 200 ° C-3300 ° C, by injection of water or by mixing air to cool the steam. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the drawing, superheated steam, the temperature of which is regulated, as described above, is supplied to the compressed air generator 4. The compressed air generator 4 may comprise, for example, a steam turbine 5 with a compressor 6. The steam turbine 5 operates on superheated steam, the temperature of which is maintained at a predetermined level by the cooling unit 3. Alternatively, the hot air generated by the hydrogen-oxygen generator may also fed directly (without cooling) to the compressed air generator 4. In this case, the generator 4 of compressed air produces compressed air from superheated steam using a steam turbine 5 and compressor 6.

Compressed air generated by the compressed air generator 4 can be supplied to the compressed air system 7, which according to the invention can be an anti-icing system 7a, a hydraulic system 7b, an air conditioning system 7c and other similar system.

As shown in the drawing, the compressed air produced by the compressed air generator 4 can also be used to spin the engine 8 to achieve a degree of air compression sufficient to operate the engine on fuel.

Although the invention has been described above with an example of a preferred embodiment for an aircraft, it is clear that the system of the invention can also be used in other vehicles containing gas turbines that need to be launched. In addition, the system of the invention may also be used to start stationary gas turbines.

Reference List

1 - system

2 - hydrogen-oxygen steam generator

3 - cooling unit

4 - compressed air generator

5 - steam turbine

6 - compressor

7 - compressed air system

7a - anti-icing system

7b - hydraulic system

7c - air conditioning system

8 - gas turbine / engine

Claims (4)

1. Aircraft with a gas turbine start system for an aircraft containing a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator for generating steam, and a compressed air generator comprising a steam turbine and a compressor, wherein the steam turbine drives a compressor to generate compressed air by means of steam generated by the hydrogen - oxygen steam generator; and the compressed air generated by the compressor drives the gas turbine to a speed sufficient to ensure that the compression ratio in the gas turbine is sufficient to operate the gas turbine on fuel. 2. The aircraft according to claim 1, further comprising a cooling unit for maintaining a predetermined steam temperature by supplying water and / or air to it. 3. The aircraft according to claim 1 or 2, in which the produced compressed air is supplied to the compressed air system of the aircraft. 4. The aircraft according to claim 3, in which the compressed air system is at least one of the following systems: de-icing system, hydraulic system or air conditioning system.

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