RU2421433C2 - Pellet powder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to preparation of pellet powder for small-arms weapons and small-calibre artillery. The pellet powder contains the following in wt %: diphenyl amine 0.2-1.0, ethyl acetate 0.2-2.0, moisture 0.2-1.2, graphite 0.1-0.2, aluminium powder 8.0-11.0 and cellulose nitrates - the rest.

EFFECT: composition increases bullet speed in a 5,6 mm rifle cartridge by 80-120 m/s and lowers hygroscopicity.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of producing spherical powders for small arms and small-caliber artillery.

Gunpowder is known for small arms and shotguns, grenade launchers containing various components: cellulose nitrates, chemical stabilizers, dinitrotoluene, metals (aluminum, magnesium, barium, lithium, etc.), lithium hydride, ammonium nitrate, polyvinyl nitrate [1 -four]. Gunpowder does not meet the requirements of ballistic characteristics in a 5.6 mm rifle cartridge, as well as the completeness of combustion of the propellant charge (MH).

The closest technical solution (prototype) is spherical powder according to TU 7506804-124 [5], including cellulose nitrates, diphenylamine, ethyl acetate, soot, graphite, moisture in the following ratio, wt.%:

diphenylamine 0.4-0.8 ethyl acetate 0.2-1.0 moisture 0.3-0.9 carbon black + graphite 0.3-0.7, cellulose nitrates rest.

Gunpowder provides ballistic characteristics of the MOH in 5.6 mm Sniper and Standard rifle cartridges with a bullet weight of 2.58-2.60 g. The bullet speed at a distance of 10 m from the muzzle end is 315-325 m / s. The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to use this powder in the hunting cartridges "Cowboy" (with bullet speeds of up to 400 m / s or more) due to exceeding the permissible pressure standards of the powder gases in the channel of the barrel of the weapon with increasing charge mass. In addition, gunpowder has greater hygroscopicity compared to phlegmatized gunpowder.

The aim of the invention is to increase the speed of a bullet in a 5.6 mm rifle cartridge at 80-120 m / s, reducing hygroscopicity.

The technical result is achieved in that the spherical powder, including cellulose nitrates, diphenylamine, ethyl acetate, moisture and graphite, is characterized in that it additionally contains aluminum powder in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

diphenylamine 0.2-1.0; ethyl acetate 0.2-2.0; moisture 0.2-1.2; graphite 0.1-0.2; aluminum powder 8.0-11.0; Cellulose nitrate rest.

Aluminum powder in the composition of gunpowder performs the function of a phlegmatizer - a postactive component, i.e. compounds entering into the combustion process with a certain time delay (at a certain threshold temperature value). Due to the accumulation of energy at the initial moment of combustion of the charge, the intensity of gas formation decreases by 40-50%, shifting the peak of maximum pressure towards the muzzle end. At the same time, with the same pressure of the powder gases, the effect of increasing the speed of the bullet is achieved. A decrease in the content of aluminum powder of less than 8.0 wt.% Does not provide an increase in the velocity of the bullet by 40%, and an increase of more than 11 wt.% Does not increase the speed, it reduces the completeness of combustion of the charge and increases the flame of the shot.

An increase in the content of diphenylamine of more than 1.0 wt.% Is impractical, since this leads to a decrease in energy characteristics, and the necessary chemical resistance and a guaranteed shelf life of the powder are already provided. A decrease in diphenylamine of less than 0.2 wt.% Reduces the chemical resistance of the powder and complicates its uniform distribution over the volume of granules.

Ethyl acetate and water are the technological components remaining in the powder after its manufacture. Their content is determined by the conditions of formation and composition of the powder. The mass fraction of moisture depends on the drying conditions, but should not exceed 1.2 wt.%, So as not to reduce to a noticeable degree the energy characteristics. A decrease in moisture of less than 0.2 wt.% Is not economically feasible, since this increases the drying time.

Graphite is used as an antistatic additive to reduce the electrification and improve the flowability of gunpowder. An increase of more than 2.0 wt.% Leads to the appearance of free graphite, and a decrease of less than 0.1 wt.% Does not give the desired effect.

The table shows examples of the composition of spherical gunpowder and gunpowder-prototype within the boundary conditions and beyond.

The spherical powder composition of example 1 is made as follows. A volumetric reactor equipped with a stirrer and a heating jacket is filled with 12 L of water, 2.64 kg of pyroxylin is loaded, then 5.4 L of ethyl acetate with 0.03 kg (1.0 wt.%) Of dissolved diphenylamine is poured and 0. 33 kg (11 wt.%) Of aluminum powder in the form of an aqueous suspension. The mixture is heated to 68 ° C and mixed for 15 minutes. Then charged 0.024 kg (2.0 wt.% To water) of glue glue (emulsifier). After dispersion, 0.012 kg (1 wt.% To water) of sodium sulfate is introduced and the emulsion is mixed for 10-15 minutes. The temperature rises to 75 ° C and distillation of ethyl acetate. The process ends at a temperature of 94-96 ° C. Subsequently, the gunpowder is washed, fractionated, graphitized and dried.

The remaining samples are made similarly and differ in the quantitative input of components.

The table shows that spherical gunpowder made according to the claimed composition provides ballistic characteristics (bullet speed of more than 400 m / s) in the Cowboy rifle cartridge with a mass of 2.6 g. Production of gunpowder outside the boundary conditions results in

Table Compositions of spherical powders Name of indicator Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Prototype Mass fraction of components,%: pyroxylin 84.7 87.3 91.2 97.8 81.6 96.8 diphenylamine 1,0 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.6 ethyl acetate 2.0 1.3 0.2 0.5 1,5 1,2 moisture 1,2 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.8 aluminum 11.0 10.0 8.0 5,0 15.0 - graphite 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 - graphite + soot - - - - - 0.6 Bulk density, g / cm ³ 0.73 0.8 0-9 0.9 0.8 0.6 Hygroscopicity at φ = 90%, τ = 24 hours 0.16 0.25 0.32 0.55 0.15 0.9 Chemical resistance 45 19 12 32 twenty 47 at 110 ° C for 5 hours, mmHg Ballistic characteristics in 5.6 mm rifle "Cowboy" cartridge with 2.6 g bullet weight: mass of charge, g 0.13 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.22 * 0.12 bullet speed, V ₁₀ , m / s 431 445 424 355 330 345 Gunpowder pressure gas maximum the greatest, MPa 147.5 178.7 167.0 161 150 198.7 Note. 1. Technical requirements: bullet speed of at least 400 m / s; the pressure of the powder gases is the highest maximum, not more than 183 MPa. 2. The norm of chemical resistance: not more than 60 mm Hg 3. * Maximum charge mass

granules that burn more degressively, which does not provide speed characteristics of the cartridge (examples 4, 5). The hygroscopicity of gunpowder is reduced by about 5 times compared with the prototype.

Thus, the obtained spherical gunpowder provides the technical requirements for rifle cartridges "Cowboy" high efficiency with a mass of 2.6 g.

LITERATURE

1. Patent No. 1479246 (France), cl. С06В, declared 09/21/1965. RZhKhim, 1968, 17N741P.

2. Patent No. 213011 (France), cl. С06В 1/00, declared 04/06/1971. RZhKhim, 1973, 23N728P.

3. Patent 2278657 (France), cl. C06B 5/00, claimed 12/13/1973. RZhKhim, 1977, 8H334P.

4. Patent No. 2058280 (Russia). MKI ⁷ C06B 25/24, declared 03/26/1992.

5. Powder varnish PS-690 / 4,23. Specifications TU 7506804-124-92.

Claims (1)

Spherical powder, including cellulose nitrates, diphenylamine, ethyl acetate, moisture and graphite, characterized in that it additionally contains aluminum powder in the following ratio, wt.%:
diphenylamine 0.2-1.0 ethyl acetate 0.2-2.0 moisture 0.2-1.2 graphite 0.1-0.2 aluminum powder 8.0-11.0 cellulose nitrates rest