RU2418926C2 - Method to repair bathroom units of apartment building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: in an apartment building the bathroom units to be repaired are arranged above each other. Bearing structures at various floors resting on walls of bathroom units are supported outside the bathroom units walls with supports. Supports pass from the upper part of one bearing structure to the other. Bathroom units are cut from the rest of the building structure between the areas of support and walls of bathroom units and are fully removed. New independent sections of bathroom units are lowered downright into a shaft formed in this manner and are laid one onto another. Bearing structures of various floors are connected to bathroom units arranged at according height. Afterwards supports arranged at various floors are removed.

EFFECT: quickness and simplicity of repair.

10 cl, 6 dwg

Description

Technical field

This invention relates to a method described in the restrictive part of claim 1 of the claims and intended for the repair of sanitary units of an apartment building.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Old apartment buildings are characterized by ever-increasing problems associated with sanitary facilities and water supply systems, as well as with sewer systems connected to them. Most of the toilets and showers of apartment buildings built in the 60-70s are in such poor condition that they need a complete renovation.

During the reconstruction of sanitary facilities, the entire room should be destroyed, the tiles should be knocked down from the walls, and pipes should be removed from the ceilings and between floors. The usual dismantling work is very noisy and dusty, so during the stay it is impossible to live in apartments. In addition, it is problematic to get rid of a large amount of construction debris, regardless of whether it is carried out on the stairs, or with the help of an elevator, or through an apartment to a balcony, or dumping down through a window.

In a conventional building, after dismantling, installing a water supply and sewage network and other technical equipment takes time. After this, work is required on laying concrete and putty, which must be allowed to dry properly before it becomes possible to perform vapor barrier and tiling surfaces.

With such a construction, each stage should be carried out separately, and after it it is necessary to wait until the hardening and drying occurs. In addition, the transportation of material to different floors, their storage and removal of excess material after completion are work steps that require space and time.

Thus, with existing restoration methods, reconstruction of a full floor without its domestic use is usually about 4-5 months. The reconstruction of one floor also usually violates the lifestyle in the apartments of other floors of the house. The noise generated by the construction is transmitted through the building frame to the entire structure, the dust slowly moves and penetrates everywhere into the apartments, and the yard is damaged and covered with construction waste and supplies of new building materials.

The problem of reconstruction also lies in the high cost of materials. Reconstruction of apartments is usually carried out individually, depending on the wishes of residents, so the purchase of individual equipment, its transportation, damage during transportation, storage, processing and residual material - all this entails significant costs.

The purpose of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks.

One specific objective of the present invention is to create a new method for repairing sanitary units of apartment buildings, which is flexible, fast and cost-competitive, and also creates, if possible, a slight inconvenience to residents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The proposed method is characterized by claim 1 of the claims. The proposed repair method can be used for apartment buildings in which the sanitary facilities that need to be repaired are located one above the other, i.e. in the same place on all floors. In accordance with this invention, the supporting structures on different floors, which are supported by walls containing sanitary units, are supported outside the walls of the sanitary units by supports extending from the top of one supporting structure to another. After the installation of supports near the ceilings and walls is completed, the sanitary units are cut off from the rest of the structure of the apartment building between the indicated places of the support and the walls of the sanitary units and these cut-off bathrooms are completely removed. New independent sections of the sanitary facilities are lowered down into the open shaft, which runs along the entire height of the building. When the sections of the sanitary units are located one above the other and interconnected, the supporting structures of the various floors are connected to the indicated sanitary units located at the appropriate height, after which the supports located on the different floors can be removed.

Although the temporary supports used in accordance with this invention can be installed in various places depending on the bearing parts of these structures, it will be simple and obvious to place these supports one above the other in the same places on all floors with the formation of a supporting structure that uniformly carries the load throughout height of the building from the ceiling of the ground floor to the ceiling of the top floor. Such a solution is indeed obvious, therefore, in connection with this, the term “lowest floor” refers to the lower floor on which reconstruction is carried out. In each case, this floor may be, for example, a basement, a ground floor or a second residential floor.

Preferably, in the proposed method, the sanitary facilities are cut and removed from the bottom up, so that all the garbage that must be removed is dumped to the bottom of the shaft from which it is removed. With this method, if it is necessary to cut off parts of the walls and ceilings of the sanitary facilities, they are dumped or they fall down to the bottom of the mine thus formed. With this method, construction debris can be easily and simply removed from the lowest floor.

When cutting off old sanitary units, for example, with a diamond disk, relatively straight and uniform cut surfaces are formed. Due to this circumstance, various gripping devices known in the art can be used for the cutting surfaces and / or sides of the sanitary units by means of which floors and corresponding sections of the sanitary units are connected to each other to provide the necessary load-bearing connection.

In most cases, the sanitary facilities of the building, which must be reconstructed and to which this invention can be applied, contain the space provided for the toilet and sink, and, in addition, a bathtub and shower. However, the present invention is not limited only to these sanitary facilities of buildings, and they can be changed in each case and may contain spaces for a separate toilet, bathroom, sauna or their respective combinations.

Preferably, the sections of the sanitary units used in the proposed method contain prefabricated structures that are completely ready for use with regard to their internal structure. Similarly, their outer surfaces can be finished or require just painting or sticker wallpaper. Thus, the section of the sanitary unit, which is raised to the installation site, should only be connected to the rest of the bearing parts of the building, and seams should be closed to close the joints, and the technical equipment of the section should be connected to the technical equipment of the building. For finished sections, this type of equipment connection is quick and easy, since in these sections all the necessary parts and connectors are ready-made. Thus, gutters, water pipes, air conditioning, electrical wiring and other cable networks can be connected quickly and easily to create a single design.

In the proposed method, it is essential that the sections of the sanitary units are laid one on top of the other and connected to each other to create a structure that is actively supporting. This means that the section of sanitary facilities are not only self-supporting, ie each carries its own weight and the weight of the other sections of the sanitary facilities located on its upper part, but they also actively participate in carrying the loads of the entire building. Thus, the proposed method inevitably entails installation at the beginning of temporary supports. After that, supporting structures, i.e. bearing dividing walls and / or bearing intermediate floors are removed from the building. After installing new sections of sanitary units in the mine, the old structure, where necessary, is attached to the supporting column formed by sections of sanitary units, so that this column accepts and actively carries loads that were previously perceived by disassembled structures. Thus, according to this invention, part of the old load-bearing structures of the building is replaced with new load-bearing structures, which simultaneously form sections of new sanitary units. Consequently, by using modern building technology in most of the reconstructed objects, new load-bearing structures can be made using less space compared to old load-bearing structures, which leads to an increase in the useful floor area for sanitary units and for the areas surrounding them.

The proposed method has significant advantages compared with the existing level of technology. With the proposed method, the reconstruction of the sanitary units of an apartment building is faster by approximately 60-70%, i.e. apartments are not used only for approximately one third of the time required for reconstruction by existing methods. The production of sanitary units is carried out at the plants under conditions controlled by the first class, therefore the quality of performance, for example, vapor barrier is high. Thanks to optimal conditions and mass production, work is carried out quickly with small waste materials, which significantly reduces costs. Due to the quick and easy disassembly of old bathrooms, noise and dust are almost completely eliminated compared to conventional renovations. The area around the building being reconstructed and the building itself remain clean, since there is no need to store building materials there. In addition, in most cases, the air conditioning device and other equipment of the old sanitary facilities were built in a special way for each room and required space, so that with the new technology more space is achieved for the sanitary facilities. In addition, since the load-bearing walls can be made as thinner as possible than the old walls, it is possible to complete new sanitary facilities by almost 1-2 m ² more than the old bathrooms.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In the following section, the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

1 is a schematic sectional view illustrating a first step of the method;

2 illustrates the second step of the method;

3 illustrates the third step of the method;

Figure 4 shows the completed new sanitary facilities;

5 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention;

6 illustrates a third embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As shown in FIG. 1, in a three-story building, the sanitary units 1 are located in the same place on different floors, i.e. one above the other. When it is intended to reconstruct the sanitary facilities completely, ie replace fittings, re-tiling surfaces with tiles, as well as replace water pipes, fan and exhaust pipes, these operations are performed as described below in accordance with the invention.

First, the outside wall 2 of lavatories 1, i.e. from the adjacent or surrounding premises, the intermediate floors 3 are supported one on the other with the help of supports. Thus, on each floor, between the ceiling and the floor, support structures 4 are installed and fixed, which are capable of perceiving or are ready to accept and withstand such a full load that normally affects the wall structures surrounding the sanitary unit. Depending on the design solutions used in this building, and on the location of the supporting structures, it may be necessary to use supporting structures along all the edges of the sanitary unit or only on their parts, for example, on two opposite edges. Preferably, the supporting structures 1 are arranged one above the other, as shown in FIG. 1, i.e. in the same place on different floors, so that supporting vertical columns are formed along the height of the entire building. Vertical columns are placed as close as possible to the outer walls of the sanitary facilities, however, so that there is enough space between the supporting structures and the walls for the activities to be performed.

After installing the structures, as shown in Fig. 1, it is possible to begin disassembling the old sanitary units 1. Disassembling is best done by cutting with suitable diamond heads both the intermediate floors and the walls on the inside of the supporting structures along the cutting lines 5, so that the height of the whole building formed the mine, which had previously been lavatories. Sanitary units can be partially simply cut off at different floors, but preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, the final disconnection is performed from below under one bathroom at a time or in parts, so that construction debris 6, which is detached, is dumped down to the bottom of the shaft, from which just remove it. Thus, during the reconstruction of integral sanitary units, it is not necessary to carry out any preliminary dismantling work, and all structures with their fittings can be dropped down and removed at the same time.

After the mine is completely cut out and the construction debris removed from its lower part, installation of new sanitary units 7 can begin, as shown in FIG. 3. The new units 7 are installed in place in the form of completely ready-made supporting sections of the sanitary units, which, in addition to the supporting ceiling 8, the lower floor 9 and the walls 10, contain all the internal structures of the sanitary unit, including processed coatings, all cabinets, shelves and plumbing fixtures, as well as the necessary system of connections and pipelines for water, a sewer drain, an air conditioning device and electrical wiring. Thus, the sanitary units, which form the supporting structure in the shaft, can be lowered into the shaft from above using a crane and stacked one on top of the other.

All the technical equipment of the building between the sanitary units, as well as between them and the building, is made outside the sections of the sanitary units. Thus, the ready-to-use sanitary units 7 can be in a sealed state during the entire installation, so that building dust does not get into them.

Preferably, the mine is carried out in the building by cutting with the highest possible accuracy of measurements, so that between the mine and the installed sections of the new sanitary units there is only a small gap 11 necessary for installation, and this gap is about 5-20 cm. Joints of the mine with the supporting structures of the building and / or corresponding places in the sections of the sanitary units can be sealed with various gripping devices known in the art, which are installed in the aforementioned gap. These grippers may be welded or otherwise attached to one another, or various wedge designs may be used in the gap. Finally, the gap may be filled, sealed, or otherwise sealed.

After installing the supporting structures of the building, resting on a column formed by sections of sanitary units and filling the shaft along the entire height of the building, the external supporting structures 4 that were installed at the beginning can be removed and the external surfaces finished. Thus, it is possible to reconstruct the sanitary facilities in approximately 1-1.5 months for one floor of an apartment building instead of 3-4 months.

Depending on the height of the floor of the reconstructed apartment building, sections of sanitary units with different heights can be used. However, a more preferable solution is the production of sanitary units having a standard height or just a few standard heights. In this case, appropriate gasket elements can be used between the sections of the sanitary units, with which the section of the sanitary unit can be installed at the appropriate height on each floor of the building.

Fig. 5 illustrates a solution for placing load-bearing sections of sanitary units on top of one another, an alternative to the solution illustrated in Fig. 3. In this embodiment, the supporting sections 7 of the sanitary units are installed in place simultaneously with the sections having a reinforcing structure 12 already placed on their upper part. Thus, floor to floor, an intermediate floor 3, which is located on the upper part of this section, and the section of the sanitary unit on which it is located, are fastened to each other and to the ceiling part of the section of the sanitary unit by pouring concrete to form a finished cast base. In this case, the ceiling part of this section can be, for example, a cladding panel, a composite panel or a combination thereof, as well as concrete reinforcement, depending on the requirements in each case. In this embodiment, the installation of the sanitary units is carried out so that after molding it is necessary to wait until the poured concrete sets; for example, the sanitary facilities are installed one per day, in which case the poured concrete can sufficiently harden before placing the next sanitary facility on its upper part.

FIG. 6 illustrates a disassembly option of old sanitary units, an alternative to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2. So, from the old sanitary facilities, first of all, from the bottom up, all intermediate floors can be dismantled, while they are dumped onto the floor of the lowest bathroom, and the walls of the bathrooms form a protective shaft for dumping construction waste. After the shaft is completed to the top, the walls of 13 old sanitary units can be cut from the intermediate floors 3 of the building from top to bottom and dumped down along the shaft formed by the remaining solid downstream walls. In this case, there is no need to build any shelters or rails for disassembly, which may be necessary during the disassembly, illustrated in figure 2.

This invention is not limited only to the examples discussed above, but it is possible to make many modifications within the scope of legal protection of the ideas of this invention defined in the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method of repairing the sanitary units of an apartment building, in which the sanitary units (1) to be repaired are located one above the other, i.e. in identical places on all floors, characterized in that the supporting structures on different floors (3), which are supported by walls (2), which include sanitary units (1), are supported outside the walls of the sanitary units by supports passing from the top of one bearing structures to the other, the sanitary units are cut off from the rest of the construction of the apartment building between the indicated support points and the walls of the sanitary units and completely removed, the new independent sections (7) of the sanitary units are lowered down to the shaft formed by way, and stacked on top of each other, load-bearing structures of different floors are attached to the indicated sanitary units located at the appropriate height, and the supports (4) located on different floors are removed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the supports (4) are located one above the other in the same places on all floors, so that a single supporting structure is formed over the entire height of the building from the lower floor of the lowest floor to the ceiling of the highest floor. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sanitary units (1) are cut and removed from the bottom up, so that all the garbage (6) that must be removed is dumped to the bottom of the shaft from which it is removed. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that first the intermediate floors of the sanitary units are removed from bottom to top, and then, using the shaft formed in this way, the walls of the sanitary units are removed from top to bottom, dumping them into the specified shaft. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the new supporting sections of the sanitary units are stacked on top of each other. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the new supporting section of the sanitary unit on the upper part has a reinforcing structure, so that the section of the sanitary unit, which is installed in place, and the corresponding ceiling are attached to each other by pouring concrete to installation of the next section of the sanitary unit. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the cutting surfaces and / or on the sides of the new sections (7) of the sanitary units, gripping devices are used, by means of which the floors and the corresponding sections of the sanitary units are connected to each other. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a section of the sanitary unit use a toilet, bathroom, sauna or their corresponding combination. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections (7) of the sanitary units are laid one on top of the other and connected to each other so that the gutters, water pipes, air conditioning device, electrical wiring and the rest of the cable connections are connected with the creation of a single design. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the sanitary units are laid one on top of the other and connected to each other with the creation of a structure that is an actively supporting structure.

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