RU2415177C2 - Lubricant coolant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: lubricant coolant contains the following in wt %: oleic acid 2.2-2.4, diethanol amine borate 3.0-3.2, potassium hydroxide 0.6-0.8, alkyl polyoxyethylene phosphate 0.2-0.4, water - the rest up to 100.

EFFECT: high resistance of the cutting tool and improved quality of the processed surface.

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Description

The invention relates to means providing technological processes of metal cutting in machine-building production, in particular metalworking processes using cutting fluids, and can be used in blade and abrasive processing of ferrous metals.

The cutting fluid is widely known, the basis of which is polyethylene glycol - a linear polymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, as well as their polycondensation products (Kochurov V.E. As a reflection on the selection and operation of cutting fluid / Bearing production. M . No. 1, 2000). This coolant has sufficient lubricity, chemical and physical stability, resistance to hardness salts, low foaming.

However, this coolant has insufficient shelf life and operation, as well as insufficient influence on ensuring the durability of the working tool used in metalworking.

The closest coolant (prototype) to the claimed cutting fluid is a 6% aqueous solution, which is prepared from a cutting fluid concentrate according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2047655, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Oleic acid 11-13 Trichloromethylphosphonic acid dibutyl ester 4-7 Borattriethanolamine 6-8 Alkyl Polyoxyethylene Phosphate 5-7 Water 1-4 Mineral oil rest

This cutting fluid is resistant to microbial damage, which provides a large working resource (from 4 to 8 months).

However, the use of this coolant does not sufficiently increase the tool life and reduce the roughness of the treated surface, which indicates a low lubricity of this fluid.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a cutting fluid with improved performance properties, providing an increase in the life of a metal cutting tool, as well as improving the quality of surface treatment of parts.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that the inventive cutting fluid used in the machining of metals containing water, oleic acid, alkylpolyoxyethylene phosphate and a boron-containing complex compound does not contain mineral oil, but as a boron-containing complex compound contains borate diethanolamine and additionally contains potassium hydroxide in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Oleic acid 2.2-2.4 Boratdiethanolamine 3.0-3.2 Potassium hydroxide 0.6-0.8 Alkyl Polyoxyethylene Phosphate 0.2-0.4 Water the rest is up to 100

The preparation of this cutting fluid (coolant) in the form of a 6% aqueous solution is as follows. First, prepare a 60% aqueous concentrate of the following ingredients in their ratio, wt.%:

Oleic acid 22 Boratdiethanolamine thirty Potassium hydroxide 6 Alkyl Polyoxyethylene Phosphate 2 Water the rest is up to 100

The mixture is stirred vigorously for 20-30 minutes at room temperature.

The borate diethanolamine used in this solution is synthesized by dissolving diethanolamine and boric acid in a 1: 3 molar ratio.

Chemical analysis found, wt.%:

H ₃ VO ₃ - 63.85

NH (C ₂ H ₄ OH) ₂ - 36.15

Elemental analysis, wt.%:

B - 11.17; C - 8.26; N - 4.82.

From the obtained 60% concentrate, a 6% aqueous solution of the required amount of coolant is prepared by dissolving the calculated amount of concentrate in water at room temperature.

Tests of the coolant claimed as an invention for resistance to microbial damage were conducted in accordance with GOST 9085-78. The main physico-chemical parameters of the coolant: emulsion stability, inhibitory properties and pH were determined according to GOST 6243-75, foaming - by the method described in TU 38-101-147-74, smell - organoleptically, color - visually. All of the above test results are positive.

The study of the effectiveness of the claimed coolant on tool life and the quality of the processed surface was carried out by comparing it with coolant prepared from coolant concentrate according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2047655 (prototype) in the operations of drilling, turning and grinding of the following grades of steel: Art. 20, Art. 45, 40Х, 30ХГС, 50ХН.

Previously, a 6% aqueous solution of the prototype of the inventive coolant and a 6% aqueous solution of the inventive coolant were prepared.

Comparative tests of the coolant of the prototype and of the steel drilling operation claimed were carried out on a 2N125 type machine using a drill with a diameter of 10.8 mm made of P6M5 high-speed steel. The evaluation was carried out according to the torque and resistance of the drill to wear along the rear face of 0.7 mm. Coolant was supplied to the cutting zone by irrigation with a freely falling stream with a flow rate of 6 l / min.

Comparative tests on turning operations were carried out on a 16K20 screw-cutting lathe with a stepless drive. Coolant was supplied to the cutting zone by irrigation with a freely falling stream with a flow rate of 6 l / min.

The tool life was assessed during the turning operation with cutters with VK6 carbide inserts under the following cutting conditions: cutting speed 0.16; 0.22 and 0.31 m / s with a feed of 0.14 mm / rev and a cutting depth of 0.5 mm.

The evaluation of the resistance of the cutting tool and the quality of the machined surface (roughness) was carried out during the turning operation with cutters with T15K6 and KTN-16 hard alloy plates with the following conditions: cutting speed 1.66 m / s, feed 0.15 mm / rev, cutting depth 1 mm .

The resistance of the cutter during turning was determined by the wear time of its rear surface by 0.5 mm.

Comparative tests of the effect on tool life and the quality of the machined surface (roughness) on grinding operations under various operating conditions were carried out on a ZG-71 surface grinding machine. Coolant was supplied to the cutting zone with a high-pressure jet at a fluid flow rate of 30 l / min.

The test results showed that, in contrast to the use of the prototype, when using the inventive coolant for grinding operations, the abrasive wheel is not salted, there are no burns and microcracks of parts, the service life of abrasive wheels increases by an average of 23%, and the surface roughness decreases by an average of 15% .

The test results of the drilling and turning operations of the inventive coolant and the prototype, their effect on tool life, as well as on the quality of the machined surfaces, are shown in tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Tables 1, 3 and 5 show an increase in the service life of the processing tool, table 2 shows a decrease in torque, and table 4 illustrates a decrease in the roughness of the processed surfaces of various materials under different conditions using the inventive coolant compared to the prototype.

During the tests of the claimed coolant, there were no signs of corrosion, unpleasant odor, exposure to machine paint, increased foaming.

Thus, the proposed composition of the coolant and the ratio of components in it can improve the resistance of the cutting tool and improve the quality of the machined surface compared to the prototype, which indicates the high lubricating properties of the claimed cutting fluid.

Table 1 Tool life at various drilling speeds, min Coolant used Machined metal Article 20 St. 45 40X 30HGS 50XN Drilling speed, m / s 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.16 0.22 031 0.16 0.22 0.31 Proto
type of 72 83 96 70 82 90 68 76 90 62 73 88 62 78 89 Declared 78 89 99 74 88 98 72 84 98 74 89 one hundred 70 87 one hundred

table 2 Torque at various drilling speeds, kg × m Coolant used Machined metal Article 20 St. 45 40X 30HGS 50XN Drilling speed, m / s 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.16 0.22 031 0.16 0.22 0.31 Prototype 0.572 0.596 0.624 0.589 0.628 0.639 0.552 0.570 0.581 0.538 0.557 0.560 0.540 0.575 0.581 Declared 0.520 0.552 0.56o 0.568 0.598 0.612 0.530 0.564 0.568 0.526 0.552 0.558 0.528 0.563 0.570

Table 3 Tool life at various turning speeds, min Coolant used Machined metal Article 20 St. 45 40X 30HGS 50XN Turning speed, m / s 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.16 0.22 031 0.16 0.22 0.31 Durability min Prototype 23.5 30.3 34,4 24.0 34.5 38.8 28.9 35.0 36.6 34.2 37.9 44.6 35.3 40.3 47.5 Declared 28.8 38,4 35,2 29.6 39.8 42.1 34.2 40,2 48.8 36,4 43.1 48,4 36.8 45.7 49.2

Table 4 The roughness of the treated surfaces when using the known and claimed coolant, microns Coolant used Machined metal Article 20 St. 45 40X 30HGS 50XN Prototype 2.26 2.20 2.04 2.18 2.13 Declared 2.02 1.99 1.93 1.90 1.88

Tables 5 Indicators of wear of cutters with plates made of hard alloy T15K6 and KTN-16, min Coolant used Machined metal Article 20 St. 45 40X 30HGS 50XN Cutter T15K6 Prototype 27 26 25 28 22 Declared thirty thirty 28 33 26 Cutter KNT-16 Prototype 84 79 76 44 47 Declared 89 82 84 70 60

Claims (1)

Cutting fluid used in the machining of metals, containing water, oleic acid, alkyl polyoxyethylene phosphate and a boron-containing complex compound, characterized in that it does not contain mineral oil, and as a boron-containing complex compound contains borate diethanolamine and additionally contains potassium hydroxide in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
oleic acid 2.2-2.4 boratdiethanolamine 3.0-3.2 potassium hydroxide 0.6-0.8 alkyl polyoxyethylene phosphate 0.2-0.4 water the rest is up to 100