RU2408788C1 - Protection method against air blast wave and explosion products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations. ^ SUBSTANCE: method involves construction of obstacle for example cross piece in the working on movement way of air blast wave, at the outlet of zone. Obstacle shall be made from natural or artificial pillar so that free zigzag-shaped passage can be left between the solid mass outline and constructed pillar. Pillar is made so that it can be fully destructed; at that, volume of destructed mass of the pillar provides full blockage of the working. Pillar outline bordering on the solid mass is loosened with drilled wells or by arranging the easily destructed and removed material. ^ EFFECT: providing reliable, almost instantaneous separation of emergency section from environment at the moment of emergency explosion in it, free access to potential dangerous section at its operation in normal mode. ^ 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods of protection against shock air waves and explosion products, in particular to nuclear energy, and can be used to protect the environment from shock air waves and products of emergency explosions at underground nuclear power plants and plants for the production of explosives, ammunition, warehouses and storage facilities explosive and radioactive materials.

A known method of protection against shock air waves using various jumpers arranged on the path of its propagation (Savenko S.K., Gurin A.A., Maly P.S. Shock air waves in underground workings. M: Medra, 1973. p. . 109-117 [1]).

The disadvantage of this method is that the installed jumpers almost completely overlap the cross section of the inlet working.

There is a method of damping an air shock wave using a bulkhead located at the entrances of underground structures with harmful and hazardous industries, for example, underground nuclear power plants (Patent RU 2082887, IPC 6 E21F 17/103 of 06/27/97. Bull. 18).

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of free access to a potentially dangerous area during normal operation of an underground facility.

A protective device of an underground structure of a mine type is also known (Patent RU 2098561, IPC 6 E02D 29/00 of 12/10/97. Bull. 34).

Its disadvantage is the same as in the previous device.

A known method of localization of an air shock wave using a powerful metal heavy door controlled by a mechanical drive ([1], p.119).

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to quickly (with the arrival of the front of the shock air wave) to shut off the supply generation due to the relatively long phase of its closure.

A known method using a self-locking device in a warehouse of explosives ([1], p.118).

The disadvantage of such a self-locking device is the lack of probability of reliable closure of both passages to the focal zone, since the light bulkheads of the obturator will not withstand the shock of an air wave during the explosion of explosives in the cell of the storage or cooling system of a nuclear reactor (as was the case at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant). An increase in the strength and mass of the mobile bridge will increase its inertia, which, at a higher velocity (6000 m / s or more) of the propagation of the shock air wave, the latter will have time to pass through the overtaking (supply) excavation before the massive bridge moves and closes the exit.

Closest to the proposed is a method of protection against shock air waves and explosion products, including the construction in the development, on the path of movement of the shock wave, at the exit from the focal zone of the barrier, such as jumpers. At the same time, the obstacle is made from the pillar of the natural — by making cranked workings, by performing several turns, leaving a free zigzag passage between the contour of the massif and the whole being constructed (Gurin A.A. et al. “Shock air waves in underground workings”, M .: Nedra 1983, p.149-151) [2].

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of a guarantee of complete separation of the pillar or separation of large elements that do not provide a dense overlap of the mine.

The invention is aimed at providing reliable, almost instantaneous isolation of the emergency site from the environment, with free access to a potentially hazardous area, while operating normally.

The result is achieved by the fact that in the method of protection against shock air waves and explosion products, including the construction in development, along the path of movement of the shock air wave, at the exit from the focal zone, an obstacle, such as a bridge, the barrier is made from a pillar of natural or artificial, with by leaving a free zigzag passage between the contour of the massif and the whole constructed, the whole pillar is made with the possibility of its complete destruction, while the volume of the destroyed mass of the pillar ensures complete blockage of the mine.

The result is also achieved by the fact that the contour of the pillar, natural or artificial, bordering the pristine massif, is weakened, respectively, by drilled blind wells or by the placement of easily destructible and recoverable material.

The result is also achieved by the fact that in the central part of the pillar of natural or artificial, in the direction of movement of the shock air wave, deadlock cavities are performed, respectively, with the help of drilled wells or embedded easily destructible and recoverable material.

The result is also achieved by the fact that behind the barrier from the pillar, natural or artificial, they arrange falling doors in the roof, which are supported in the normal mode by struts and fixing rods.

The technical result of the invention consists in providing almost instant localization of the emergency site, reducing the cost of eliminating the consequences of possible accidents, maintaining the existing environmental environmental situation and improving safety.

The essence of the method is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows a horizontal section of the node execution barriers in the form of a pillar;

figure 2 shows a cross section of a barrier weakened around the perimeter and in the center by wells or easily destructible and recoverable material;

figure 3 shows a falling metal door, temporarily supported by uprights with a certain windage and fixing rods.

The proposed method is as follows. During the construction in the array 1 of the supply of working 2 in a separate section, it is formed in a zigzag pattern with two kinks 3, at an angle of less than 90 ° to the axis of the supply of working 2, then along the course of penetration in the extended part 2 ^{1 of the} supply of working 2, the angle is 4, leaving free passage between the array 1 and the contour of the pillar 4. In stable rocks, the natural pillar can be formed using blasting operations (contour, smooth blasting) or using a combine harvester of selective action, for example foreign “Paurat” or domestic from the PC series.

In insufficiently stable rocks, the natural pillar can be strengthened by spraying concrete or in its place artificial, for example, from concrete. The volume of the destroyed mass of the pillar provides a complete blockage of the supply in the area of fracture 3.

To facilitate and reduce the separation time of the pillar 4 from the natural massif 1, the dead-end wells 5 are drilled along the contour of the pillar 5 to a depth of about 3 / 4-2 / 3 of its thickness (power) or laid to the same depth (when constructing the artificial pillar), it is easily destroyed and recoverable material, e.g. polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, etc. For more effective destruction and crushing of the pillar 4 at the time of the explosion, similar dead-end wells 6 are pre-drilled in its central part or the above-mentioned easily destroyed and recoverable material is laid (during the construction of the artificial pillar).

Additionally, for reliable localization of the emergency section along the direction of the shock air wave, for the whole 4, at the exit from the zigzag section 3, a falling door 7 is arranged on the hinges on the hinge, supported in the normal mode by the struts 8 with a certain windage and fixing pins 9. For lifting and release the door 7 from the locking pins 9 install a manual winch 10.

In normal operation of the emergency section, the door 7 is in the raised position, rests on racks 8 with a certain windage and is fixed with pins 9. When people exit a prospectively dangerous section, the clips 9 are removed, the winch cable is removed from the door or loosened. The door is only supported by struts 8.

In the event of an accident, for example, an explosion in a prospectively dangerous section 11, an air shock wave knocks out the struts 8, the door 9, fixed on the hinges on the roof with one side, falls off the other side and blocks the access of the explosion products from the accidentally dangerous section.

The propagation velocity of a shock air wave is an order of magnitude higher than the propagation velocity of cracks in pillar 4 and several orders of magnitude higher than the velocity of separation of the pillar from the array. Therefore, the separation of the rear sight 4 from the array 1 is the second stage of the action of the shock air wave. The latter, acting almost simultaneously on the walls of the cavities 5, formed earlier along the contour of the rear pillar 4, and frontally on the rear pillar 4, turns it counterclockwise, while collapsing with the help of a rupture of the central cavities 6, blocks the inlet 2 in the area of kink 3. the pillar 4 inclined toward the potentially explosive section allows concentrating the energy of the shock air wave (due to its displacement) to the point of separation of the pillar 4.

The claimed proposal almost instantly isolates the emergency site from the environment, eliminates the negative impact of nuclear plants on the population and the environment, reduces or eliminates the cost of eliminating accidents, improves the safety of operation of nuclear plants and other similar explosive facilities.

Claims (4)

1. A method of protection against shock air waves and explosion products, including the construction in the development, on the way of movement of the shock air wave, at the exit from the focal zone of the barrier, such as jumpers, while the barrier is made from a pillar of natural or artificial, leaving a free zigzag passage between the contour of the array and constructed entirely, characterized in that the pillar is performed with the possibility of its complete destruction, while the volume of the destroyed mass of the pillar ensures complete blockage of the output. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the contour of the pillar of natural or artificial, bordering the array, weaken accordingly drilled wells or placement of easily destructible and recoverable material. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the central part of the pillar of natural or artificial, in the direction of movement of the shock air wave, deadlock cavities are performed using drilled wells or laying easily destroyed and recoverable material. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that behind the barrier from the pillar of natural or artificial arrange in the roof, in the direction of the shock air wave, a falling door, temporarily supported by struts and fixed in the roof with pins.

Images