RU2408517C2 - Device to store (accumulate) breakbulk cargo - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device 1 comprises platform 4 turning about central vertical axis and blocks 2 turning about vertical axes with sections 3 turning about their vertical axes. Mechanism to rearrange sections into blocks with rotary rocker 22 interacting with sections is arranged on central post 21 coupled with turning platform. Each section can move from one block into another via different routes selected form assemblage of possible routes of section displacement from one point into another.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, capacity and flexibility.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The unit of storage (accumulation) of piece goods is intended for use in freight flows of serial engineering industries (for example, in flexible production systems), as well as other industries with multi-freight flows (pharmacology, food industry, trading organizations, storage systems for banks, airports, etc. d.).

In multi-nomenclature freight flows of mass production, storage (accumulation) devices, subject to the targeted position of cargo placement, place high demands on productivity, capacity, floor space, and route flexibility.

The combination of these properties in known versions of the design of storage devices (storage) has not been established: the implementation of one, less often two of them, as a rule, is associated with the deterioration of any other.

A device for storage (accumulation) of the machining complex Rota-F-125 (NC) (figure 1), which implements flexible routes for moving goods inside the technological system [G. Shaumyan Integrated automation of production processes. M .: Engineering, 1973. - S.630-633]. The complex is designed for processing parts of the "body of revolution" type with a diameter of up to 125 mm in small batches. With a production program of 135,000 products per year, the number of series ranges from 500 to 1,500. The average time to complete operations is from 13 to 20 minutes. The total diameter of the technological system is 12 m, height is 5 m. The complex includes seven machines connected by an automatically operating rotor storage and transportation system located in its center. The system includes a centralized drive and boot devices. The drive consists of nine rings mounted one above the other, rotating according to a given program independently of each other. In each of them can be stored up to 60 blanks with satellite devices (figure 2). The machines are connected to the drive by loading devices having hoists. Rings moving above the machines serve simultaneously as drives and mechanisms for transporting goods; they are elements of a system that characterize its route flexibility.

затем загрузочное устройство, реализуя прямолинейное перемещение, параллельное оси

время обслуживания заявки одним каналом в первой фазе - 19 с, во второй - 40 с (благодаря динамичным условиям хранения груза из времени перемещения по координате W_y исключается время перемещения к адресной позиции).The presented solution is distinguished by the functional organization of the service process of applications received from machine tools, which comprehensively takes into account the properties of its morphogenous characters. In fact, this is the best known solution for organizing short flexible transport links. The load-bearing surface of the drive is open, dynamically organized, developed in accordance with the shape and dimensions of the profile of the technological system. Each of its cells is directly involved in the implementation of the exchange process between machines. In terms of service waiting time, it is also one of the best systems that virtually eliminates downtime of technological equipment. This property is ensured by the morphology of the drive: the presence of parallel service channels (transport rings). From the standpoint of queuing theory, this is a two-phase system (the order is first filled by the drive, realizing coordinate movement around the axis

then the boot device, realizing a rectilinear movement parallel to the axis

the time for servicing an application with one channel in the first phase is 19 s, in the second 40 s (due to the dynamic conditions of cargo storage, the time to move to the address position is excluded from the time of movement along the coordinate W _y ).

The main disadvantage of the considered storage system is that it has a low packing density. With a storage capacity of 540 units, a system drive diameter of 6 m and an occupied area of 28.26 m ^2, the packing density is 19.1 pcs / m ² .

The Rota system drive refers to storage (accumulation) devices whose load-bearing surface is distributed along 2 coordinates. Of the storage devices (accumulations) of this type, the highest density value for rack structures.

Known rack robot-folding complex (RSK) (figure 3) [Belyanin P.N. and other Flexible production systems / P.N.Belyanin, M.F.Idzon, A.S. Zhogin. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1988. - 256 p.]. The packing density in the rack is 540 / 0.72 = 750 pcs / m ² .

The morphology of one-sided rack-mounted static structures does not create conditions for multi-channel service of applications, which leads to high values of service waiting time (relative load of the system is 4.2 times higher than the threshold value of the indicator). Compared to Rota, the service time for an application in the DGC is also large - 72 s.

According to the results of calculations, it should be concluded that the first design with high productivity and the possibility of choosing a route for moving goods has an extremely low packing density, the second - at high density - an unsatisfactory value of the relative load factor of the storage system, which leads to downtime of the serviced equipment .

Known mechanized warehouse for AS 356206 (prototype) [A.S. 356203, USSR. MKI B65Q 1/02. Mechanized warehouse. V.Z. Burshtein, I.A. Alekseevsky (USSR). - 1 s.], Which to some extent combines individual positive features of previous systems: the rotor component, which eliminates the time spent on moving to the address position along the W _y coordinate and a more efficient scheme for compacting the load-bearing surface.

Warehouse by A.S. 356203 (Fig. 4) contains a rotating base 1. Axes 2 of rotating plates 3 are fixed along its perimeter, on which axes 4 of rotating supports 5 are similarly fixed. Racks 6 with rotating shelves are fixed along the perimeter of the supports 7. Rotating the rotating bases is carried out from the drive 8.

To access any cell in the warehouse, first turn on the rotation drive of the largest base 1, when the desired plate 3 approaches the workstation 9, the rotation of the base stops and the rotation drive of the plate 3 turns on until the stand 5 approaches the workplace 9, then similarly turn the stand 5 to the approach to the workplace of the necessary rack 6, and then turn the shelf 7. After installing the shelf 7 opposite the workplace, the operator takes out the required load.

The main disadvantage of this solution is a sequential search procedure that sums up the time for turning the base, then the slab, then the stand, then the shelf, then the coordinate movement along the axis of the shelter. The authors do not stipulate the choice of the route for moving the cargo, but in essence it is limited to the choice of the direction of rotation. Capacity, despite the placement of goods not only on the peripheral, but also in the central part of the drive, is also small: the use of a rotor component in all functional blocks led to the formation of a "loose" cellular structure.

The technical effect of the proposed storage device (accumulation) is to increase its productivity, route flexibility, capacity.

The indicated technical effect is achieved in that the device for storing or storing piece goods, having a platform rotatable relative to the central vertical axis and blocks rotatable with respect to the vertical axes and sections rotatable with respect to their vertical axes, comprises a mechanism for reinstalling the sections into blocks located on a central rack connected to the rotary platform, and having a rotary beam, interacting with the sections, thus, each of the sections is mounted with the possibility of movement in a device from one block to any other block by various routes selected from the set of possible routes for moving sections from one point of the device to another. In a private embodiment, the rotary platform is driven by the engine through gears, the rotation drive of each block of sections around its rack and each section around its rack consists of an engine, a worm gear, two controlled couplers, a Maltese four-position mechanism, a gear wheel interacting with an installed on the rack with a gear, a block of gears, rotatably mounted on the rack and interacting with four gears fixed on the shafts coaxial to the shafts of the sections and connected to them by means of controlled couplers, the central rack of the mechanism for reinstalling the sections is rigidly connected to the rotary platform, and the rocker of the mechanism for reinstalling the sections is four-arm with tongs interacting with the sections and is rotatably mounted on the shaft, which, in in turn, it is connected with a central rack by a helical kinematic pair; the drive of the mechanism for reinstalling sections into blocks consists of an engine, a worm gear, a Maltese four-position mechanism, two controlled couplers and a gear wheel interacting with a gear wheel located on the shaft splines.

The proposed storage device (accumulation) is shown in figure 5, 6 and 7.

Figure 5 shows a section of the storage device (accumulation) of piece goods, shown in Fig.6.

Figure 6 shows the storage device (accumulation), a top view on which three of the many possible routes for moving the section between the two most remote points of the drive A and P are plotted:

1) A-B-C-B-D-F-G-S-N-P;

2) A-B-C-T-R-H-S-N-P;

3) A-B-C-T-E-G-R-S-N-P.

Figure 7 shows the options for sections of the storage device (accumulation) with load-bearing cells and the vector of the movement of cargo from point N to the delivery zone (point P).

The storage device (accumulation) 1 includes a load-bearing surface, divided into blocks 2, in blocks - on section 3 and actuators driving it.

Actuators include:

- drive rotation of the storage device (accumulation) relative to the axis of OO;

- drive rotation of the blocks of sections relative to the racks (axis O'O ');

- drive turning sections relative to racks (axis O "O");

- a mechanism for moving sections into blocks (or a central rotary mechanism).

The drive rotation of the storage device (accumulation) relative to the axis OO includes a rotary platform 4, driven by a motor M1 by means of gears 5, 6, 7, 8.

The rotational drive of the block of sections around the uprights 9 (axis O'O ') and sections around the uprights 10 (axis O``O' ') consists of an engine M2, a worm gear 11, two controlled couplers 12, 13, a Maltese four-position mechanism 14, gear wheel 15, interacting with a gear wheel mounted on a rack 9, a gear block 17, rotatably mounted on a rack 9 and interacting with four gear wheels 18, mounted on shafts 19, coaxial shafts 10 sections of the storage device (storage) and connected with them through y ravlyaetsya clutch 20.

The structure of actuators UX (N) includes a mechanism for moving sections into blocks (or a central rotary mechanism). The mechanism for reinstalling the sections is located on the central rack 21, rigidly connected with the rotary platform 4, and consists of a four-arm rocker 22 with grips 23, interacting with the sections UX (N).

The beam 22 is rotatably disposed on a shaft 24, which, in turn, is connected to a central strut 21 by a helical kinematic pair. The drive of the central rotary mechanism consists of an M3 engine, a worm gear 25, a Maltese four-position mechanism 26, two steered clutch couplings 27, 28 and a gear 29 interacting with a gear 30 located on the splines of the shaft 24.

The storage device (accumulation) works as follows:

1. When the engine M1 is turned on, movement by means of gears 5, 6, 7, 8 is transmitted to the rotary platform 4, which rotates about the central axis of the OO.

2. The rotation from the block of sections around the O'O 'axis is carried out by the engine M2 through the worm gear 11 through the Maltese mechanism 14 with the clutch 12 engaged. The rotation of the block of sections can be carried out in various fixed positions (in Fig. 5 their number is three).

3. The rotation of the sections in the block around the axis O''O '' is also carried out from the M2 engine through the worm gear 11 and the gears 15, 16, 17, 18 with the clutch 13 engaged. The couplers 20 provide independent rotation of each of the four sections of the block .

4. Reinstalling the sections in other blocks is as follows. Through the engine M3 through the worm gear 25, the coupling 27 and the Maltese mechanism 26, the four-arm rocker 22 is rotated about the axis OO (shaft 24). In this case, the rocker can occupy four fixed positions. When the coupling 28 is turned on, movement from the M3 engine through the worm gear 25 and the gears 29 and 30 is transmitted to the shaft 24. The rotation of the shaft 24 leads to its axial movement relative to the rack 21. In this case, the rocker 22 is vertically moved up or down depending on the direction rotation of the motor shaft M3.

The rotation of the central platform ensures the consistent passage of goods of all working positions.

The central rotary mechanism allows you to move sections, exchange blocks of sections and sections between blocks along the inner contour, which provides greater flexibility in choosing the route for moving goods.

The effect obtained from the proposed solution consists in the implementation of various cargo transportation routes, while downtime in anticipation of service is excluded, which allows to increase the productivity of technological equipment, in addition, the packing density indicator is 5 times higher compared to the Rota system, compared to decision by A.S. 356206 by 3.5 times, which can significantly increase capacity and reduce the usable area occupied by the storage (storage) device.

Claims (2)

1. A device for storing or storing piece goods, having a platform rotatable with respect to the central vertical axis and blocks rotatable with respect to the vertical axes, with sections rotatable with respect to their vertical axes, characterized in that it comprises a mechanism for reinstalling the sections into blocks located on a central rack connected to the turntable , and having a rotary beam, interacting with the sections, so each of the sections is mounted with the possibility of movement in the device from one block and to any other block by various routes selected from the set of possible routes for moving the section from one point of the device to another. 2. The storage or storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary platform is driven by the engine by means of gears, the rotation drive of each block of sections around its rack and each section around its rack consists of an engine, a worm gear, two controlled couplers , a Maltese four position mechanism, a gear wheel interacting with a rack mounted gear, a gear unit rotatably mounted on the rack and interacting with four bchatymi wheels fixed to the shafts coaxial shafts sections and connected to them by means of controllable clutches; the central rack of the mechanism for reinstalling the sections is rigidly connected with the rotary platform, and the rocker of the mechanism for reinstalling the sections is made four-armed with tongs interacting with the sections and is rotatably mounted on a shaft, which, in turn, is connected to the central rack by a helical kinematic pair; the drive of the mechanism for reinstalling sections into blocks consists of an engine, a worm gear, a Maltese four-position mechanism, two controlled couplers and a gear wheel interacting with a gear wheel located on the shaft splines.

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