RU2407268C1 - Clod remover of ploughshare group of row seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: clod remover represents gauge wheel, which consists of two vertical disks. Disks are joined by ribs evenly arranged along circumference. One disk is arranged in the form of ring, and axis with bearing unit is installed in the centre of the other disk. Plate mouldboard is arranged at the attack angle and heeling angle in lower part of hollow space of gauge roller on stand fixed on axis. Ribs of gauge roller are arranged in opposite direction from plate mouldboard. ^ EFFECT: application of invention will make it possible to improve stability of seeds placement depth. ^ 6 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in the opener groups of row seeders.

State of the art

Known clod coulter of the opener seeder group ССТ-12Б, consisting of blade dumps, an arm connecting the dumps to the roller and the seeder section (Karpenko AN, Khalansky V.M. "Agricultural machines". - M .: Agropromizdat, 1989, - p.140 ... 142).

One of the disadvantages of the clotting device is that after it grooves are formed due to the unevenness of the field surface, leading to a violation of the technological process of seeding.

Known litter cultivating seeder "Stanhey C981" (England). The litter box consists of laminar dumps and is placed in front of the copying roller of the seeder section (Prototype, VP Chichkin. Vegetable seeders and combined units. - Chisinau: Shtiintsa, 1984, p. 60 ... 61).

Disadvantages.

In a pair of “copying roller - lump deleter” the copying roller is the leading one, which determines the position of the litter in the vertical plane during operation. When the skating rink hits the hill, the lump eliminator rises and can skip the lump of soil, if it gets into the hole, it cuts the groove, further changing the depth of the coulter.

Another disadvantage of such lumps is the passive effect on lumps, which sometimes causes soil unloading.

It only removes clumps of soil, but does not destroy them. As a result, after passing the litter, the lumps will crumble into the sowing groove and will be rolled by the rear rolling roller, which worsens the emergence of seedlings to the surface.

Disclosure of the invention.

The technical result, which can be achieved using the present invention, is to increase the stability of the depth of seed placement.

The technical result is achieved in that the coulter of the opener group is a roller with an axis, two vertical discs of which are connected by ribs evenly spaced around the circumference. One disk is made in the form of a ring, in the center of the second there is an axis with a bearing assembly, while in the lower part of the hollow space of the roller the blade is placed at an angle of heel and the blade blade is mounted on an axis, with the edges of the roller located at an angle in the opposite direction from the blade dump.

A brief description of the drawings.

In the figure 1 - litter, front view;

In figure 2 - litter, side view;

In figure 3 - litter, top view;

Figure 4 is a diagram of the forces acting on the lump;

Figure 5 is a diagram of the installation of a blade blade and the edges of the roller;

Figure 6 is a diagram of a change in the angle of heel of a blade blade.

The implementation of the invention.

Litter coulter group row seeder containing copying roller 1 (figure 1), which consists of two vertical discs: right 2 left 3, which are connected by evenly spaced ribs 4 made of a square bar. The left disk 3 is made in the form of a ring (Fig. 2), and in the center of the right disk 2 there is an axis 5 with a bearing assembly 6, to which a bracket 7 is mounted, connecting the roller 1 to the seeder section (not shown). In the lower part of the hollow space of the roller 1 on the rack 8, mounted on the axis 5, is placed at an angle of attack α and roll β plate blade 9.

Based on the technological scheme of the process of removing lumps of soil, it follows that the roller should roll through them without forming a roller in front of it. During sowing, the lumps of soil lying on the surface of the field have a maximum size of up to d _{max k} = 60 mm. To ensure rolling through such lumps, the roller diameter d _K must be

where φ _p is the angle of friction of the soil on the material of the roller, deg;

φ _in - the angle of internal friction (soil in the soil), deg.

According to experimental data obtained by us φ _p = 22.3 °, φ _in = 32,4 °.

Then

Take the diameter of the roller d _K = 300 mm.

The distance L between the ribs 4 is selected based on the condition of free penetration into the inner space of the roller of the soil lumps having a maximum diameter, since d _{max k} = 60 mm, then it is equal to L> d _{max k} , we take L = 65 mm.

If the lump of soil is greater than the specified distance, then it will crumble in ribs. In order for the lump to move along the blade dump 9 of the litter, the condition T> F must be observed (Fig. 4). From the presented scheme

T = R · cosα; F = N · tgφ _in,

where: T - lump force, N;

R '= (R) - force acting on the lump (lump reaction), N;

N is the normal force, N;

F - friction force, N.

;Then T>F; R · cosα> N · tgφ _in ;

;

ctgα>tgφ_в; tg(90-α)>tgφ_в;

ctgα> tgφ _in ; tg (90-α)> tgφ _in ;

(90-α)> φ _in ; α <(90-φ _in ).

Therefore, α <(90 ° -32.4 °) <57.6 °, we take α = 50 °.

The ribs of the 4th roller, moving along the cycloid, act on the lump from below, leaving the soil. In order for the horizontal component of this action to facilitate the movement of the soil lump towards the exit, towards the annular disk, the ribs should be located at an angle γ greater than the angle of friction of the soil on the metal surface φ _p and directed in the opposite direction from the direction of the blade dump 9 of the litter box. When φ _p = 22.3 °, we take γ> φ _p ; γ = 25 °. Then δ = γ + (90-α) = 25 ° + 40 ° = 65 ° (Fig. 5),

where: δ is the angle between the edge and the blade, deg;

γ is the angle of installation of the ribs, deg;

α is the installation angle of the blade blade, deg.

The work of the litter of the coulter group of a row seeder is as follows.

The reliability of the technological process of removing soil lumps from the row zone is determined by the corresponding coefficient:

K _NT = 1-in · P,

where: K _NT - the coefficient of process reliability;

P is the number of irregularities per unit length of the row;

P = 0, 1, 2, 3 pcs./m;

in - the distance from the copying roller sections of the seeder to the litter;

in = 0 ... 0.3 m.

At P = 3, a = 0.3: K = _nt 1-0,3 · 3 = 0.1; at P = 0, K _nt = 1.

When _b = 0: K _nt = 1.

Therefore, it is necessary to combine a copying skating rink with a litter.

When the seeder is moving, soil lumps located on the field surface pass between the ribs 4 into the hollow space of the roller 1. There they are affected by the blade dump 9 located inside the roller 1. It displaces the lumps and removes them through the left ring disk 3. The ribs 4 mounted under angle δ to the blade dump 9, actively contribute to this process. Large lumps of soil are destroyed by ribs 4. Installed at an angle of the ribs 4 of the roller 1 level the soil surface.

To ensure crumbling of lumps of soil, the blade dump 9 is installed at an acute angle β ₁ = 70 ° (Fig.6), and in the presence of stones on the field - at a blunt β ₂ = 110 °. Then, not the friction force of the soil over the soil, but the soil over the metal surface will be overcome.

The invention in comparison with prototypes and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- the soil surface is leveling in the row zone, large lumps of soil are destroyed;

- due to the combination of the blade blade and the roller copying the surface of the soil, efficient and complete removal of lumps from the row zone is ensured for any microrelief.

- the active effect on the lumps allows you to divert them so that the possibility of rolling the lumps into the seed groove is excluded.

Claims (1)

A coulter of the opener planter of a row seeder containing a copying roller with an axis and a blade blade, characterized in that the copying roller is made in the form of two vertical disks connected by ribs evenly spaced around the circumference, while one disk is made in the form of a ring, and an axis is installed in the center of the second with a bearing assembly, wherein the blade blade is placed at an angle of attack and at an angle of heel in the lower part of the hollow space of the roller, and the ribs of the roller are located in the opposite direction from the plate Twala, the rack is fixed to the axis.

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