RU2406655C2 - Electric pulse anti-icing system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electric pulse anti-acing systems. Proposed system comprises electrically conducting coat, electric pulse generator and two coaxial electrodes. Said electrically conducting coat is arranged in electrode gap to occupy its entire area.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of anti-icing of larger areas.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ice technology, namely to electrical pulse anti-icing systems.

Known electric pulse anti-icing system, consisting of an electric pulse generator, inductors - converters of electrical impulses into mechanical and distribution elements - switches, with fastening of the inductors directly under the thin-walled flexible metal sheathing protected from icing (V.V. Bogorodsky, V.P. Gavrilo, O .A. Nedoshivin. Ice Destruction. Methods, Technical Means. L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1983, p.205-206).

The disadvantage of this system is the impossibility of its use for protection against icing inflexible or non-conductive elements of structures.

The closest to the proposed system in terms of technical nature and the achieved effect is an electropulse de-icing system containing electrodes (RU 2289892 C2, 12.20.2006).

However, the electropulse de-icing system is not effective enough to protect against the icing of large surfaces. In this case, it is necessary to mount a large number of pairs of coaxial electrodes (arresters), which is not always structurally or technologically possible. In addition, there is some likelihood that the system will fail when porous or fractured ice forms during icing. In this case, when pores or cracks form in the interelectrode gap, the water film necessary to initiate the electro-hydraulic effect may not provide a sufficiently small resistance between the spark gap electrodes.

The technical result to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of the system to protect against icing of large surfaces.

To achieve the specified technical result in an electropulse de-icing system, including an electric pulse generator, the output of which is connected to pairs of coaxial electrodes, additionally contains an electrically conductive coating located in the interelectrode space of the interelectrode gap.

In addition, the proposed technical solution has optional features characterizing its particular cases:

- an electrically conductive coating is located on the entire area of the interelectrode space;

- as an electrically conductive coating can be applied polymers, paints with a high content of electrically conductive fillers, such as carbon black, metal chips, etc., or thin metal foil, paper impregnated with electrolyte, etc.

A distinctive feature of the proposed electropulse de-icing system from the above, closest to it, is that the electrically conductive coating is located in the interelectrode space of the interelectrode gap.

Due to the presence of this feature, an artificial, almost short circuit of coaxial electrodes is provided, leading to an increase in the length of the spark gap, expanding the shock wave action zone from the electro-hydraulic effect and, as a result, increasing the area of ice destruction in almost quadratic dependence.

The proposed system is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 presents a diagram of an electric pulse anti-icing system.

Figure 2 - its cross section.

The electropulse de-icing system contains an electropulse generator 1 with an energy storage device 2 (capacitor bank) and an electric switch 3 (thyristor), a spark gap 4 consisting of two coaxial electrodes 5 and 6, an insulating sleeve 7 (fluoroplastic), an electrically conductive coating 8 (conductive paint). Coaxial electrodes 5 and 6 are brought to the surface 9 of the structure 11 protected from ice 10, and the coaxial electrode 6 "ground" is external, and an electrical pulse is supplied to the coaxial electrode 5, which is internal and insulated, section 12 of the electrically conductive coating 8, where thermal explosion.

The spark gap 4 is mounted on the structure protected against icing 11. The electrode gap between the coaxial electrodes 5, 6 is several tens of centimeters. The conductive coating 8 occupies the entire area of the interelectrode space of the interelectrode gap.

The electrically conductive coating 8 should provide an artificial, almost short circuit of the coaxial electrodes 5 and 6. For this, polymers, paint with a high content of electrically conductive fillers (carbon black, metal chips, etc.) or thin metal foil, paper can be used as the electrically conductive coating 8. soaked in electrolyte, etc. The electrical resistance of the electrically conductive coating 8 is less than 10-20 Ohms and its value is much less than the resistance of ice 10 in the interelectrode gap, as well as in the insulating sleeve 7.

The electric pulse generator 1 is located in the service area by personnel, the spark gap 4 is located in the icing zone of the structure 11.

Electropulse de-icing system operates as follows.

After 1 to 10 kJ of electric pulses are generated in the electric pulse generator 1, an electric switch 3 (thyristor) is closed in the energy storage 2 and an electric pulse of 1-3 kV is supplied to the spark gap 4. The accumulated energy is discharged along the conductive coating 8 along the path of least resistance between the coaxial electrodes 5 and 6. The spark discharge is accompanied by a thermal explosion of the portion of the conductive coating 8 along the path of least resistance. Thus, the spark discharge between the coaxial electrodes 5 and 6 is replaced by a thermal explosion of the current-conducting element — the portion 12 of the electrically conductive coating 8. The thermal explosion of the current-conducting portion 12 reproduces the electro-hydraulic effect, which is accompanied by a shock wave, which, in turn, destroys ice 10 on the surface protected design 11.

The next time you use the electric pulse anti-icing system, the discharge passes through another section of the conductive coating 8, and so on until it is completely burned out. After the burning of the conductive coating 8, it is replaced with a new one.

The proposed electropulse de-icing system can improve the efficiency of this system due to the use of the electro-hydraulic effect initiated by the exploding thermal element - section 12 of the electrical conductive coating 8. The use of electrical conductive coating 8 makes it possible to significantly increase the length of the spark gap and accordingly significantly increase the area of destruction of ice 10 for one discharge of electricity .

The reliability of the proposed system is higher than the reliability of the electropulse de-icing system of the prototype by providing an electrically conductive coating 8 of the electrically conductive bridge between the coaxial electrodes 5 and 6. Creating an electrically conductive bridge is a necessary condition for the passage of the electropulse and, accordingly, the initiation of the electro-hydraulic effect. In the proposed system, this condition is fulfilled by the electrically conductive coating 8, in the prototype system, by creating an electric heater with a thin water film, which does not provide reliable electrical contact between the coaxial electrodes 5 and 6 due to its leakage through the pores or microcracks of ice 10.

In addition, the use of a thermal explosion of the portion of the electrically conductive coating 8 makes it possible to completely eliminate the streamer, and, therefore, energy losses, constituting up to 10% of the total amount of discharge energy, which were spent at the precharge stage of the process. Although these losses are replaced by losses due to heating and evaporation of the current-conducting element, in many cases they turn out to be somewhat smaller than the losses due to the growth of the streamer between coaxial electrodes 5 and 6.

As an advantage of the proposed electropulse de-icing system, it should be noted the possibility of carrying out in it localized directed electro-hydraulic impacts on the ice cover along a predetermined contour.

Claims (2)

1. An electropulse de-icing system, comprising an electropulse generator, the output of which is connected to pairs of coaxial electrodes, characterized in that it further comprises an electrically conductive coating located in the interelectrode space of the interelectrode gap, which provides absorption of an electropulse energy sufficient for thermal explosion of its section, and takes up the entire interelectrode gap area. 2. The electropulse de-icing system according to claim 1, characterized in that polymers, paints with a high content of electrically conductive fillers, for example carbon black, metal chips, or thin metal foil, paper impregnated with electrolyte, can be used as the electrically conductive coating.

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