RU2403697C1 - Band method of grass sowing under grain-crops cover on tillage background - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to methods of grass sowing under grain-crops cover on tillage background. The method includes band soil milling and simultaneous planting of chemical fertilisers, grain seeds and grass seeds with compacting the soil in bands. Milling of soil in bands is performed to the depth of sowing crops. Moreover, chemical fertilisers are applied to the band surface prior to mill passing. Crops seeds are put to the band bottom, and grass seeds are put to treated band surface.

EFFECT: increasing of crop yields, consistent distribution of seeds and fertilisers on the growing space and on drilling depth and inhibition of development of weeds at the year of sowing.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to methods of sowing grass seeds under the cover of crops on a stubble background.

A known method of cultivating crops, including skipping sown perennial grasses without cover after harvesting part of the rows of spring crops, the remaining rows are harvested for feed or seeds (I.T. Efimov. Method of cultivation of agricultural crops. AS USSR No. 350410, A01B 79 / 02, 09/13/72, Bull. No. 27). However, with this method of skipping planting perennial grasses in the first year of use with herbs, a low yield is obtained.

There is also a known method of stubble sowing, including the formation of furrows with simultaneous cutting of soil layers at a depth of seed placement and seed placement in furrows (P.T. Zolotarev, E.P. Vorobyova, L.P. Borshch, V.F. Chirkov, S. P. Zolotarev and NP Zolotarev. Stubble sowing method and seeder for its implementation. AS USSR No. 791287, АСС 7/00, 30.12.80, Bull. No. 48). However, this method of stubble sowing does not ensure successful germination of the sown seeds, since in the year of sowing, crops can be inhibited by developing weeds.

The closest method is a method of cultivating herbs, which includes strip sowing of grass seeds in a mechanically destructible turf, crop care, carried out by periodically mowing vegetation of different heights and fertilizing the grass with fertilizers. In this case, mowing of natural vegetation in the strips is carried out at a cutting height not lower than the height of the sown grasses, and between the strips - at a cutting height lower than the height of the sown grasses, but higher than 8 cm. Before sowing the grasses, slits are cut parallel to the future strips at an equal distance from each other and when leaving use them as guiding elements of the movement of cars. Slots are cut from each other at a distance multiple of the distance between the axes of the strips. Feeding grasses is carried out after mowing by surface spreading fertilizers along the strips (Kormschikov A.D., Sysuev V.A., Pyatin AM, Ashikhmin V.P., Kormshchikova L.A., Pyatina N.V., Ershov AM Patent of the Russian Federation No. 1713465. - Publish. 02.23.92 - Bull. No. 7).

A disadvantage of the known method of grass cultivation is that grass seeds and fertilizers are sown in an ordinary way at the same level as the processing depth, as a result, grass seeds during the development period do not fully utilize the nutritional capabilities of fertilizers.

The invention is aimed at solving the following problem: increasing crop yields, the effective use of the nutritional potential of fertilizers by crops, the uniform distribution of seeds and fertilizers according to the nutrition area and the depth of planting, delaying the development of weeds per year of sowing.

The problem is solved by the method of strip sowing of grass seeds under the cover of crops according to the stubble background, including strip milling of soil and simultaneous sowing of mineral fertilizers, seeds of crops and grass seeds with rolling soil in strips, while the milling of soil in strips is carried out to the depth of planting seeds of grain crops, and mineral fertilizers are fed to the surface of the strip before the cutter passes, seeds of grain crops are fed to the bottom of the strip, and grass seeds are fed to the surface of the otannoy band.

The drawing shows the arrangement of grass seeds, grain crops and mineral fertilizers according to the processing depth (cross section): 1 - grass seeds, 2 - grain seeds, 3 - fertilizers, 4 - width of the processed strip, 5 - width of the untreated strip, 6 - processing depth.

The method of strip sowing grass seeds under the cover of crops on a stubble background is as follows.

The stub is mechanically destroyed by strips of width L with a milling seeder to a depth h equal to the depth of embedding of crops (see drawing), while mineral fertilizers are fed to the surface of the strip before the cutter passes, seeds of grain crops are fed to the bottom of the furrow, and grass seeds are fed to the surface of the strip . With this sowing, cover crops, delaying the development of weeds, create better conditions for the growth of perennial grasses, and fertilizers nourish the seeds and sprouts of the sown crops, increasing their productivity.

Using the method of strip sowing of grass seeds under the cover of crops on a stubble background provides the simultaneous sowing of mineral fertilizers, seeds of grain crops and grass seeds, a more even distribution over the nutrition area and the depth of planting, the effective use of the nutritional potential of fertilizers by plants, increasing crop yields, reducing crops soil erosion, creates better conditions for the growth of perennial grasses, delaying the development of weeds.

Claims (1)

The method of strip sowing of grass seeds under the cover of crops according to the stubble background, including strip milling of soil and simultaneous sowing of mineral fertilizers, seeds of crops and grass seeds with rolling soil in strips, characterized in that the milling of soil in strips is carried out to the depth of planting of seeds of grain crops moreover, mineral fertilizers are fed to the surface of the strip before the cutter passes, seeds of grain crops are fed to the bottom of the strip, and grass seeds are fed to the surface of the treated strip.